2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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/*
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2008-10-19 10:56:28 -06:00
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Stockfish, a UCI chess playing engine derived from Glaurung 2.1
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Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Tord Romstad (Glaurung author)
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Copyright (C) 2008 Marco Costalba
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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2008-10-19 10:56:28 -06:00
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Stockfish is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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2009-01-07 06:26:58 -07:00
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2008-10-19 10:56:28 -06:00
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Stockfish is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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2009-01-07 06:26:58 -07:00
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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*/
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////
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//// Includes
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////
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#include <cassert>
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2008-11-03 14:05:41 -07:00
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#include <cstring>
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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#include "pawns.h"
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////
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//// Local definitions
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////
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namespace {
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/// Constants and variables
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// Doubled pawn penalty by file, middle game.
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const Value DoubledPawnMidgamePenalty[8] = {
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Value(20), Value(30), Value(34), Value(34),
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Value(34), Value(34), Value(30), Value(20)
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};
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// Doubled pawn penalty by file, endgame.
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const Value DoubledPawnEndgamePenalty[8] = {
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Value(35), Value(40), Value(40), Value(40),
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Value(40), Value(40), Value(40), Value(35)
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};
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// Isolated pawn penalty by file, middle game.
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const Value IsolatedPawnMidgamePenalty[8] = {
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Value(20), Value(30), Value(34), Value(34),
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Value(34), Value(34), Value(30), Value(20)
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};
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// Isolated pawn penalty by file, endgame.
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const Value IsolatedPawnEndgamePenalty[8] = {
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Value(35), Value(40), Value(40), Value(40),
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Value(40), Value(40), Value(40), Value(35)
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};
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// Backward pawn penalty by file, middle game.
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const Value BackwardPawnMidgamePenalty[8] = {
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Value(16), Value(24), Value(27), Value(27),
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Value(27), Value(27), Value(24), Value(16)
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};
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// Backward pawn penalty by file, endgame.
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const Value BackwardPawnEndgamePenalty[8] = {
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Value(28), Value(32), Value(32), Value(32),
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Value(32), Value(32), Value(32), Value(28)
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};
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2009-01-07 06:26:58 -07:00
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// Pawn chain membership bonus by file, middle game.
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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const Value ChainMidgameBonus[8] = {
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Value(14), Value(16), Value(17), Value(18),
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Value(18), Value(17), Value(16), Value(14)
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};
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2009-01-07 06:26:58 -07:00
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// Pawn chain membership bonus by file, endgame.
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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const Value ChainEndgameBonus[8] = {
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Value(16), Value(16), Value(16), Value(16),
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Value(16), Value(16), Value(16), Value(16)
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};
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// Candidate passed pawn bonus by rank, middle game.
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const Value CandidateMidgameBonus[8] = {
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2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
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Value( 0), Value(12), Value(12), Value(20),
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Value(40), Value(90), Value( 0), Value( 0)
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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};
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// Candidate passed pawn bonus by rank, endgame.
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const Value CandidateEndgameBonus[8] = {
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Value( 0), Value(24), Value(24), Value(40),
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Value(80), Value(180), Value(0), Value( 0)
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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};
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// Pawn storm tables for positions with opposite castling:
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const int QStormTable[64] = {
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0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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-22,-22,-22,-13,-4, 0, 0, 0,
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-4, -9, -9, -9,-4, 0, 0, 0,
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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9, 18, 22, 18, 9, 0, 0, 0,
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22, 31, 31, 22, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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31, 40, 40, 31, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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31, 40, 40, 31, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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};
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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const int KStormTable[64] = {
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0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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0, 0, 0,-4,-13,-22,-27,-27,
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0, 0, 0,-4, -9,-13,-18,-18,
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0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9,
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0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 18, 27, 27,
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0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 27, 40, 36,
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0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 40, 31,
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0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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};
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// Pawn storm open file bonuses by file:
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const int KStormOpenFileBonus[8] = {
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45, 45, 30, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
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};
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const int QStormOpenFileBonus[8] = {
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0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 30, 45, 30
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};
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}
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////
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//// Functions
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////
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/// Constructor
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PawnInfoTable::PawnInfoTable(unsigned numOfEntries) {
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2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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size = numOfEntries;
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entries = new PawnInfo[size];
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2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
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if (entries == NULL)
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{
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std::cerr << "Failed to allocate " << (numOfEntries * sizeof(PawnInfo))
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<< " bytes for pawn hash table." << std::endl;
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exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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}
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2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
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clear();
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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}
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/// Destructor
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PawnInfoTable::~PawnInfoTable() {
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delete [] entries;
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}
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/// PawnInfoTable::clear() clears the pawn hash table by setting all
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/// entries to 0.
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void PawnInfoTable::clear() {
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memset(entries, 0, size * sizeof(PawnInfo));
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}
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/// PawnInfoTable::get_pawn_info() takes a position object as input, computes
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2009-01-07 06:26:58 -07:00
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/// a PawnInfo object, and returns a pointer to it. The result is also
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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/// stored in a hash table, so we don't have to recompute everything when
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/// the same pawn structure occurs again.
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PawnInfo *PawnInfoTable::get_pawn_info(const Position &pos) {
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2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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assert(pos.is_ok());
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Key key = pos.get_pawn_key();
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int index = int(key & (size - 1));
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PawnInfo *pi = entries + index;
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2009-01-07 06:26:58 -07:00
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// If pi->key matches the position's pawn hash key, it means that we
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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// have analysed this pawn structure before, and we can simply return the
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2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
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// information we found the last time instead of recomputing it
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if (pi->key == key)
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return pi;
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
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// Clear the PawnInfo object, and set the key
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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pi->clear();
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pi->key = key;
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Value mgValue[2] = {Value(0), Value(0)};
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Value egValue[2] = {Value(0), Value(0)};
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2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
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// Loop through the pawns for both colors
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for (Color us = WHITE; us <= BLACK; us++)
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{
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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Color them = opposite_color(us);
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Bitboard ourPawns = pos.pawns(us);
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Bitboard theirPawns = pos.pawns(them);
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Bitboard pawns = ourPawns;
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2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
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// Initialize pawn storm scores by giving bonuses for open files
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2008-12-21 12:10:20 -07:00
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for (File f = FILE_A; f <= FILE_H; f++)
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if (pos.file_is_half_open(us, f))
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{
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pi->ksStormValue[us] += KStormOpenFileBonus[f];
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pi->qsStormValue[us] += QStormOpenFileBonus[f];
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}
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2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
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// Loop through all pawns of the current color and score each pawn
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while (pawns)
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{
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bool passed, doubled, isolated, backward, chain, candidate;
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Square s = pop_1st_bit(&pawns);
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File f = square_file(s);
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Rank r = square_rank(s);
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2009-02-17 09:26:15 -07:00
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assert(pos.piece_on(s) == piece_of_color_and_type(us, PAWN));
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2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
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// The file containing the pawn is not half open
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pi->halfOpenFiles[us] &= ~(1 << f);
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// Passed, isolated or doubled pawn?
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passed = pos.pawn_is_passed(us, s);
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isolated = pos.pawn_is_isolated(us, s);
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doubled = pos.pawn_is_doubled(us, s);
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2008-12-21 12:10:20 -07:00
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// We calculate kingside and queenside pawn storm scores
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// for both colors. These are used when evaluating middle
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// game positions with opposite side castling.
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//
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// Each pawn is given a base score given by a piece square table
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// (KStormTable[] or QStormTable[]). This score is increased if
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// there are enemy pawns on adjacent files in front of the pawn.
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// This is because we want to be able to open files against the
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// enemy king, and to avoid blocking the pawn structure (e.g. white
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// pawns on h6, g5, black pawns on h7, g6, f7).
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// Kingside and queenside pawn storms
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int KBonus = KStormTable[relative_square(us, s)];
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int QBonus = QStormTable[relative_square(us, s)];
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bool outPostFlag = (KBonus > 0 && (outpost_mask(us, s) & theirPawns));
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bool passedFlag = (QBonus > 0 && (passed_pawn_mask(us, s) & theirPawns));
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switch (f) {
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case FILE_A:
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QBonus += passedFlag * QBonus / 2;
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break;
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case FILE_B:
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QBonus += passedFlag * (QBonus / 2 + QBonus / 4);
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break;
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case FILE_C:
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QBonus += passedFlag * QBonus / 2;
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break;
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case FILE_F:
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KBonus += outPostFlag * KBonus / 4;
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break;
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case FILE_G:
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KBonus += outPostFlag * (KBonus / 2 + KBonus / 4);
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break;
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case FILE_H:
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KBonus += outPostFlag * KBonus / 2;
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break;
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default:
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break;
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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}
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2008-12-21 12:10:20 -07:00
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pi->ksStormValue[us] += KBonus;
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pi->qsStormValue[us] += QBonus;
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
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// Member of a pawn chain (but not the backward one)? We could speed up
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// the test a little by introducing an array of masks indexed by color
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// and square for doing the test, but because everything is hashed,
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// it probably won't make any noticable difference.
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chain = ourPawns
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& neighboring_files_bb(f)
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& (rank_bb(r) | rank_bb(r - (us == WHITE ? 1 : -1)));
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
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// Test for backward pawn
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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//
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2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
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// If the pawn is passed, isolated, or member of a pawn chain
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// it cannot be backward. If can capture an enemy pawn or if
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// there are friendly pawns behind on neighboring files it cannot
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// be backward either.
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if ( passed
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|| isolated
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|| chain
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|| (pos.pawn_attacks(us, s) & theirPawns)
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2008-12-09 09:39:40 -07:00
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|| (ourPawns & behind_bb(us, r) & neighboring_files_bb(f)))
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2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
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backward = false;
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else
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{
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// We now know that there are no friendly pawns beside or behind this
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// pawn on neighboring files. We now check whether the pawn is
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// backward by looking in the forward direction on the neighboring
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// files, and seeing whether we meet a friendly or an enemy pawn first.
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Bitboard b;
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if (us == WHITE)
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{
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for (b = pos.pawn_attacks(us, s); !(b & (ourPawns | theirPawns)); b <<= 8);
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backward = (b | (b << 8)) & theirPawns;
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}
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else
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{
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for (b = pos.pawn_attacks(us, s); !(b & (ourPawns | theirPawns)); b >>= 8);
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backward = (b | (b >> 8)) & theirPawns;
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}
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2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
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}
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2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
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// Test for candidate passed pawn
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candidate = !passed
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&& pos.file_is_half_open(them, f)
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2008-12-09 09:39:40 -07:00
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&& ( count_1s_max_15(neighboring_files_bb(f) & (behind_bb(us, r) | rank_bb(r)) & ourPawns)
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- count_1s_max_15(neighboring_files_bb(f) & in_front_bb(us, r) & theirPawns)
|
2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
|
|
|
>= 0);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// In order to prevent doubled passed pawns from receiving a too big
|
|
|
|
// bonus, only the frontmost passed pawn on each file is considered as
|
|
|
|
// a true passed pawn.
|
|
|
|
if (passed && (ourPawns & squares_in_front_of(us, s)))
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
// candidate = true;
|
|
|
|
passed = false;
|
|
|
|
}
|
2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
|
|
|
|
2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
|
|
|
// Score this pawn
|
|
|
|
Value mv = Value(0), ev = Value(0);
|
|
|
|
if (isolated)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
mv -= IsolatedPawnMidgamePenalty[f];
|
|
|
|
ev -= IsolatedPawnEndgamePenalty[f];
|
|
|
|
if (pos.file_is_half_open(them, f))
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
mv -= IsolatedPawnMidgamePenalty[f] / 2;
|
|
|
|
ev -= IsolatedPawnEndgamePenalty[f] / 2;
|
|
|
|
}
|
2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
|
|
|
}
|
2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
|
|
|
if (doubled)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
mv -= DoubledPawnMidgamePenalty[f];
|
|
|
|
ev -= DoubledPawnEndgamePenalty[f];
|
2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
|
|
|
}
|
2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
|
|
|
if (backward)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
mv -= BackwardPawnMidgamePenalty[f];
|
|
|
|
ev -= BackwardPawnEndgamePenalty[f];
|
|
|
|
if (pos.file_is_half_open(them, f))
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
mv -= BackwardPawnMidgamePenalty[f] / 2;
|
|
|
|
ev -= BackwardPawnEndgamePenalty[f] / 2;
|
|
|
|
}
|
2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
|
|
|
}
|
2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
|
|
|
if (chain)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
mv += ChainMidgameBonus[f];
|
|
|
|
ev += ChainEndgameBonus[f];
|
2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
|
|
|
}
|
2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
|
|
|
if (candidate)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
mv += CandidateMidgameBonus[relative_rank(us, s)];
|
|
|
|
ev += CandidateEndgameBonus[relative_rank(us, s)];
|
2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
|
|
|
}
|
2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mgValue[us] += mv;
|
|
|
|
egValue[us] += ev;
|
2009-01-07 06:26:58 -07:00
|
|
|
|
2008-12-09 08:46:10 -07:00
|
|
|
// If the pawn is passed, set the square of the pawn in the passedPawns
|
|
|
|
// bitboard
|
|
|
|
if (passed)
|
|
|
|
set_bit(&(pi->passedPawns), s);
|
|
|
|
} // while(pawns)
|
|
|
|
} // for(colors)
|
2008-08-31 23:59:13 -06:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pi->mgValue = int16_t(mgValue[WHITE] - mgValue[BLACK]);
|
|
|
|
pi->egValue = int16_t(egValue[WHITE] - egValue[BLACK]);
|
|
|
|
return pi;
|
|
|
|
}
|