Capping stat bonus at 2000

This patch updates the stat_bonus() function (used in the history tables to
help move ordering), keeping the same quadratic for small depths but changing
the values for depth >= 9:

The old bonus formula was increasing from zero at depth 1 to 4100 at depth 14,
then used the strange, small value of 73 for all depths >= 15.

The new bonus formula increases from 0 at depth 1 to 2000 at depth 8, then
keep 2000 for all depths >= 8.

passed STC:
LLR: 2.94 (-2.94,2.94) <-0.50,2.50>
Total: 169624 W: 42875 L: 42454 D: 84295
Ptnml(0-2): 585, 19340, 44557, 19729, 601
https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/615bd69e9d256038a969b97c

passed LTC:
LLR: 3.07 (-2.94,2.94) <0.50,3.50>
Total: 37336 W: 9456 L: 9191 D: 18689
Ptnml(0-2): 20, 3810, 10747, 4067, 24
https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/615c75d99d256038a969b9b2

closes https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/3731

Bench: 6261865

src/search.cpp

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ namespace {
 
   // History and stats update bonus, based on depth
   int stat_bonus(Depth d) {
-    return d > 14 ? 73 : 6 * d * d + 229 * d - 215;
+    return std::min((6 * d + 229) * d - 215 , 2000);
   }
 
   // Add a small random component to draw evaluations to avoid 3-fold blindness
@@ -1707,8 +1707,8 @@ moves_loop: // When in check, search starts here
     PieceType captured = type_of(pos.piece_on(to_sq(bestMove)));
 
     bonus1 = stat_bonus(depth + 1);
-    bonus2 = bestValue > beta + PawnValueMg ? bonus1                                 // larger bonus
-                                            : std::min(bonus1, stat_bonus(depth));   // smaller bonus
+    bonus2 = bestValue > beta + PawnValueMg ? bonus1               // larger bonus
+                                            : stat_bonus(depth);   // smaller bonus
 
     if (!pos.capture_or_promotion(bestMove))
     {