py: Rework and compress second part of bytecode prelude.

This patch compresses the second part of the bytecode prelude which
contains the source file name, function name, source-line-number mapping
and cell closure information.  This part of the prelude now begins with a
single varible length unsigned integer which encodes 2 numbers, being the
byte-size of the following 2 sections in the header: the "source info
section" and the "closure section".  After decoding this variable unsigned
integer it's possible to skip over one or both of these sections very
easily.

This scheme saves about 2 bytes for most functions compared to the original
format: one in the case that there are no closure cells, and one because
padding was eliminated.
pull/1/head
Damien George 2019-09-25 15:45:47 +10:00
parent b5ebfadbd6
commit c8c0fd4ca3
14 changed files with 162 additions and 119 deletions

14
py/bc.c
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@ -269,19 +269,25 @@ continue2:;
}
}
// get the ip and skip argument names
// read the size part of the prelude
const byte *ip = code_state->ip;
MP_BC_PRELUDE_SIZE_DECODE(ip);
// jump over code info (source file and line-number mapping)
ip += mp_decode_uint_value(ip);
ip += n_info;
// bytecode prelude: initialise closed over variables
size_t local_num;
while ((local_num = *ip++) != 255) {
for (; n_cell; --n_cell) {
size_t local_num = *ip++;
code_state->state[n_state - 1 - local_num] =
mp_obj_new_cell(code_state->state[n_state - 1 - local_num]);
}
#if !MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE
// so bytecode is aligned
ip = MP_ALIGN(ip, sizeof(mp_uint_t));
#endif
// now that we skipped over the prelude, set the ip for the VM
code_state->ip = ip;

64
py/bc.h
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@ -42,17 +42,25 @@
// K = n_kwonly_args number of keyword-only arguments this function takes
// D = n_def_pos_args number of default positional arguments
//
// code_info_size : var uint | code_info_size counts bytes in this chunk
// simple_name : var qstr |
// source_file : var qstr |
// <line number info> |
// <word alignment padding> | only needed if bytecode contains pointers
// prelude size : var uint
// contains two values interleaved bit-wise as: xIIIIIIC repeated
// x = extension another byte follows
// I = n_info number of bytes in source info section
// C = n_cells number of bytes/cells in closure section
//
// local_num0 : byte |
// ... : byte |
// local_numN : byte | N = num_cells
// 255 : byte | end of list sentinel
// <bytecode> |
// source info section:
// simple_name : var qstr
// source_file : var qstr
// <line number info>
//
// closure section:
// local_num0 : byte
// ... : byte
// local_numN : byte N = n_cells-1
//
// <word alignment padding> only needed if bytecode contains pointers
//
// <bytecode>
//
//
// constant table layout:
@ -122,6 +130,41 @@ do { \
size_t n_state, n_exc_stack, scope_flags, n_pos_args, n_kwonly_args, n_def_pos_args; \
MP_BC_PRELUDE_SIG_DECODE_INTO(ip, n_state, n_exc_stack, scope_flags, n_pos_args, n_kwonly_args, n_def_pos_args)
#define MP_BC_PRELUDE_SIZE_ENCODE(I, C, out_byte, out_env) \
do { \
/* Encode bit-wise as: xIIIIIIC */ \
uint8_t z = 0; \
do { \
z = (I & 0x3f) << 1 | (C & 1); \
C >>= 1; \
I >>= 6; \
if (C | I) { \
z |= 0x80; \
} \
out_byte(out_env, z); \
} while (C | I); \
} while (0)
#define MP_BC_PRELUDE_SIZE_DECODE_INTO(ip, I, C) \
do { \
uint8_t z; \
C = 0; \
I = 0; \
for (unsigned n = 0;; ++n) { \
z = *(ip)++; \
/* xIIIIIIC */ \
C |= (z & 1) << n; \
I |= ((z & 0x7e) >> 1) << (6 * n); \
if (!(z & 0x80)) { \
break; \
} \
} \
} while (0)
#define MP_BC_PRELUDE_SIZE_DECODE(ip) \
size_t n_info, n_cell; \
MP_BC_PRELUDE_SIZE_DECODE_INTO(ip, n_info, n_cell)
// Sentinel value for mp_code_state_t.exc_sp_idx
#define MP_CODE_STATE_EXC_SP_IDX_SENTINEL ((uint16_t)-1)
@ -139,7 +182,6 @@ typedef struct _mp_bytecode_prelude_t {
qstr qstr_block_name;
qstr qstr_source_file;
const byte *line_info;
const byte *locals;
const byte *opcodes;
} mp_bytecode_prelude_t;

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@ -64,6 +64,9 @@ struct _emit_t {
size_t bytecode_size;
byte *code_base; // stores both byte code and code info
size_t n_info;
size_t n_cell;
#if MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE
uint16_t ct_cur_obj;
uint16_t ct_num_obj;
@ -123,10 +126,6 @@ STATIC void emit_write_code_info_byte(emit_t* emit, byte val) {
*emit_get_cur_to_write_code_info(emit, 1) = val;
}
STATIC void emit_write_code_info_uint(emit_t* emit, mp_uint_t val) {
emit_write_uint(emit, emit_get_cur_to_write_code_info, val);
}
STATIC void emit_write_code_info_qstr(emit_t *emit, qstr qst) {
#if MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE
assert((qst >> 16) == 0);
@ -346,29 +345,17 @@ void mp_emit_bc_start_pass(emit_t *emit, pass_kind_t pass, scope_t *scope) {
MP_BC_PRELUDE_SIG_ENCODE(n_state, n_exc_stack, scope, emit_write_code_info_byte, emit);
}
// Write size of the rest of the code info. We don't know how big this
// variable uint will be on the MP_PASS_CODE_SIZE pass so we reserve 2 bytes
// for it and hope that is enough! TODO assert this or something.
if (pass == MP_PASS_EMIT) {
emit_write_code_info_uint(emit, emit->code_info_size - emit->code_info_offset);
} else {
emit_get_cur_to_write_code_info(emit, 2);
// Write number of cells and size of the source code info
if (pass >= MP_PASS_CODE_SIZE) {
MP_BC_PRELUDE_SIZE_ENCODE(emit->n_info, emit->n_cell, emit_write_code_info_byte, emit);
}
emit->n_info = emit->code_info_offset;
// Write the name and source file of this function.
emit_write_code_info_qstr(emit, scope->simple_name);
emit_write_code_info_qstr(emit, scope->source_file);
// bytecode prelude: initialise closed over variables
for (int i = 0; i < scope->id_info_len; i++) {
id_info_t *id = &scope->id_info[i];
if (id->kind == ID_INFO_KIND_CELL) {
assert(id->local_num < 255);
emit_write_bytecode_raw_byte(emit, id->local_num); // write the local which should be converted to a cell
}
}
emit_write_bytecode_raw_byte(emit, 255); // end of list sentinel
#if MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE
emit->ct_cur_obj = 0;
emit->ct_cur_raw_code = 0;
@ -414,6 +401,20 @@ void mp_emit_bc_end_pass(emit_t *emit) {
emit_write_code_info_byte(emit, 0); // end of line number info
// Calculate size of source code info section
emit->n_info = emit->code_info_offset - emit->n_info;
// Emit closure section of prelude
emit->n_cell = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < emit->scope->id_info_len; ++i) {
id_info_t *id = &emit->scope->id_info[i];
if (id->kind == ID_INFO_KIND_CELL) {
assert(id->local_num <= 255);
emit_write_code_info_byte(emit, id->local_num); // write the local which should be converted to a cell
++emit->n_cell;
}
}
#if MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE
assert(emit->pass <= MP_PASS_STACK_SIZE || (emit->ct_num_obj == emit->ct_cur_obj));
emit->ct_num_obj = emit->ct_cur_obj;

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@ -208,6 +208,7 @@ struct _emit_t {
uint16_t code_state_start;
uint16_t stack_start;
int stack_size;
uint16_t n_cell;
uint16_t const_table_cur_obj;
uint16_t const_table_num_obj;
@ -587,9 +588,14 @@ STATIC void emit_native_end_pass(emit_t *emit) {
size_t n_exc_stack = 0; // exc-stack not needed for native code
MP_BC_PRELUDE_SIG_ENCODE(n_state, n_exc_stack, emit->scope, emit_native_write_code_info_byte, emit);
// write code info
#if MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE
mp_asm_base_data(&emit->as->base, 1, 5);
size_t n_info = 4;
#else
size_t n_info = 1;
#endif
MP_BC_PRELUDE_SIZE_ENCODE(n_info, emit->n_cell, emit_native_write_code_info_byte, emit);
#if MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE
mp_asm_base_data(&emit->as->base, 1, emit->scope->simple_name);
mp_asm_base_data(&emit->as->base, 1, emit->scope->simple_name >> 8);
mp_asm_base_data(&emit->as->base, 1, emit->scope->source_file);
@ -599,14 +605,15 @@ STATIC void emit_native_end_pass(emit_t *emit) {
#endif
// bytecode prelude: initialise closed over variables
size_t cell_start = mp_asm_base_get_code_pos(&emit->as->base);
for (int i = 0; i < emit->scope->id_info_len; i++) {
id_info_t *id = &emit->scope->id_info[i];
if (id->kind == ID_INFO_KIND_CELL) {
assert(id->local_num < 255);
assert(id->local_num <= 255);
mp_asm_base_data(&emit->as->base, 1, id->local_num); // write the local which should be converted to a cell
}
}
mp_asm_base_data(&emit->as->base, 1, 255); // end of list sentinel
emit->n_cell = mp_asm_base_get_code_pos(&emit->as->base) - cell_start;
}
ASM_END_PASS(emit->as);

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@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ const mp_obj_type_t mp_type_fun_builtin_var = {
/* byte code functions */
qstr mp_obj_code_get_name(const byte *code_info) {
code_info = mp_decode_uint_skip(code_info); // skip code_info_size entry
MP_BC_PRELUDE_SIZE_DECODE(code_info);
#if MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE
return code_info[0] | (code_info[1] << 8);
#else

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@ -167,11 +167,10 @@ STATIC void extract_prelude(const byte **ip, const byte **ip2, bytecode_prelude_
prelude->n_pos_args = n_pos_args;
prelude->n_kwonly_args = n_kwonly_args;
prelude->n_def_pos_args = n_def_pos_args;
MP_BC_PRELUDE_SIZE_DECODE(*ip);
*ip2 = *ip;
prelude->code_info_size = mp_decode_uint(ip2);
*ip += prelude->code_info_size;
while (*(*ip)++ != 255) {
}
*ip += n_info;
*ip += n_cell;
}
#endif // MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE_LOAD || MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE_SAVE
@ -286,12 +285,9 @@ STATIC void load_prelude(mp_reader_t *reader, byte **ip, byte **ip2, bytecode_pr
byte *ip_read = *ip;
read_uint(reader, &ip_read); // read in n_state/etc (is effectively a var-uint)
byte *ip_read_save = ip_read;
size_t code_info_size = read_uint(reader, &ip_read); // read in code_info_size
code_info_size -= ip_read - ip_read_save; // subtract bytes taken by code_info_size itself
read_bytes(reader, ip_read, code_info_size); // read remaining code info
ip_read += code_info_size;
while ((*ip_read++ = read_byte(reader)) != 255) {
}
read_uint(reader, &ip_read); // read in n_info/n_cell (is effectively a var-uint)
MP_BC_PRELUDE_SIZE_DECODE(ip_read_save);
read_bytes(reader, ip_read, n_info + n_cell); // read remaining code info
// Entire prelude has been read into *ip, now decode and extract values from it
extract_prelude((const byte**)ip, (const byte**)ip2, prelude);

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@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
STATIC uint mp_prof_bytecode_lineno(const mp_raw_code_t *rc, size_t bc) {
const mp_bytecode_prelude_t *prelude = &rc->prelude;
return mp_bytecode_get_source_line(prelude->line_info, bc + prelude->opcodes - prelude->locals);
return mp_bytecode_get_source_line(prelude->line_info, bc);
}
void mp_prof_extract_prelude(const byte *bytecode, mp_bytecode_prelude_t *prelude) {
@ -48,22 +48,15 @@ void mp_prof_extract_prelude(const byte *bytecode, mp_bytecode_prelude_t *prelud
prelude->n_kwonly_args = n_kwonly_args;
prelude->n_def_pos_args = n_def_pos_args;
const byte *code_info = ip;
size_t code_info_size = mp_decode_uint(&ip);
MP_BC_PRELUDE_SIZE_DECODE(ip);
prelude->line_info = ip + 4;
prelude->opcodes = ip + n_info + n_cell;
qstr block_name = ip[0] | (ip[1] << 8);
qstr source_file = ip[2] | (ip[3] << 8);
ip += 4;
prelude->qstr_block_name = block_name;
prelude->qstr_source_file = source_file;
prelude->line_info = ip;
prelude->locals = code_info + code_info_size;
ip = prelude->locals;
while (*ip++ != 255) {
}
prelude->opcodes = ip;
}
/******************************************************************************/

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@ -85,10 +85,8 @@ void mp_bytecode_print(const void *descr, const byte *ip, mp_uint_t len, const m
// Decode prelude
MP_BC_PRELUDE_SIG_DECODE(ip);
MP_BC_PRELUDE_SIZE_DECODE(ip);
const byte *code_info = ip;
mp_uint_t code_info_size = mp_decode_uint(&code_info);
ip += code_info_size;
#if MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE
qstr block_name = code_info[0] | (code_info[1] << 8);
@ -102,7 +100,9 @@ void mp_bytecode_print(const void *descr, const byte *ip, mp_uint_t len, const m
qstr_str(source_file), qstr_str(block_name), descr, mp_showbc_code_start, len);
// raw bytecode dump
printf("Raw bytecode (code_info_size=" UINT_FMT ", bytecode_size=" UINT_FMT "):\n", code_info_size, len - code_info_size);
size_t prelude_size = ip - mp_showbc_code_start + n_info + n_cell;
printf("Raw bytecode (code_info_size=" UINT_FMT ", bytecode_size=" UINT_FMT "):\n",
prelude_size, len - prelude_size);
for (mp_uint_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
if (i > 0 && i % 16 == 0) {
printf("\n");
@ -121,21 +121,18 @@ void mp_bytecode_print(const void *descr, const byte *ip, mp_uint_t len, const m
printf("(N_STATE %u)\n", (unsigned)n_state);
printf("(N_EXC_STACK %u)\n", (unsigned)n_exc_stack);
// for printing line number info
const byte *bytecode_start = ip;
// skip over code_info
ip += n_info;
// bytecode prelude: initialise closed over variables
{
uint local_num;
while ((local_num = *ip++) != 255) {
printf("(INIT_CELL %u)\n", local_num);
}
len -= ip - mp_showbc_code_start;
for (size_t i = 0; i < n_cell; ++i) {
uint local_num = *ip++;
printf("(INIT_CELL %u)\n", local_num);
}
// print out line number info
{
mp_int_t bc = bytecode_start - ip;
mp_int_t bc = 0;
mp_uint_t source_line = 1;
printf(" bc=" INT_FMT " line=" UINT_FMT "\n", bc, source_line);
for (const byte* ci = code_info; *ci;) {
@ -153,7 +150,7 @@ void mp_bytecode_print(const void *descr, const byte *ip, mp_uint_t len, const m
printf(" bc=" INT_FMT " line=" UINT_FMT "\n", bc, source_line);
}
}
mp_bytecode_print2(ip, len - 0, const_table);
mp_bytecode_print2(ip, len - prelude_size, const_table);
}
const byte *mp_bytecode_print_str(const byte *ip) {

11
py/vm.c
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@ -1441,10 +1441,13 @@ unwind_loop:
&& *code_state->ip != MP_BC_RAISE_LAST) {
const byte *ip = code_state->fun_bc->bytecode;
MP_BC_PRELUDE_SIG_DECODE(ip);
size_t bc = code_state->ip - ip;
size_t code_info_size = mp_decode_uint_value(ip);
ip = mp_decode_uint_skip(ip); // skip code_info_size
bc -= code_info_size;
MP_BC_PRELUDE_SIZE_DECODE(ip);
const byte *bytecode_start = ip + n_info + n_cell;
#if !MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE
// so bytecode is aligned
bytecode_start = MP_ALIGN(bytecode_start, sizeof(mp_uint_t));
#endif
size_t bc = code_state->ip - bytecode_start;
#if MICROPY_PERSISTENT_CODE
qstr block_name = ip[0] | (ip[1] << 8);
qstr source_file = ip[2] | (ip[3] << 8);

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@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Raw bytecode (code_info_size=\\d\+, bytecode_size=\\d\+):
arg names:
(N_STATE 5)
(N_EXC_STACK 0)
bc=-1 line=1
bc=0 line=1
bc=0 line=4
bc=9 line=5
bc=12 line=6

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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Raw bytecode (code_info_size=\\d\+, bytecode_size=\\d\+):
arg names:
(N_STATE 3)
(N_EXC_STACK 0)
bc=-1 line=1
bc=0 line=1
########
bc=\\d\+ line=155
00 MAKE_FUNCTION \.\+
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Raw bytecode (code_info_size=\\d\+, bytecode_size=\\d\+):
(INIT_CELL 14)
(INIT_CELL 15)
(INIT_CELL 16)
bc=-4 line=1
bc=0 line=1
########
bc=\\d\+ line=126
00 LOAD_CONST_NONE
@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ Raw bytecode (code_info_size=\\d\+, bytecode_size=\\d\+):
\.\+rg names:
(N_STATE 22)
(N_EXC_STACK 0)
bc=-1 line=1
bc=0 line=1
########
bc=\\d\+ line=132
00 LOAD_CONST_SMALL_INT 1
@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ Raw bytecode (code_info_size=\\d\+, bytecode_size=\\d\+):
arg names:
(N_STATE 2)
(N_EXC_STACK 0)
bc=-1 line=1
bc=0 line=1
bc=0 line=143
bc=3 line=144
bc=6 line=145
@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ Raw bytecode (code_info_size=\\d\+, bytecode_size=\\d\+):
arg names:
(N_STATE 1)
(N_EXC_STACK 0)
bc=-1 line=1
bc=0 line=1
########
bc=13 line=149
00 LOAD_NAME __name__ (cache=0)
@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ Raw bytecode (code_info_size=\\d\+, bytecode_size=\\d\+):
arg names: self
(N_STATE 4)
(N_EXC_STACK 0)
bc=-1 line=1
bc=0 line=1
bc=0 line=156
00 LOAD_GLOBAL super (cache=0)
\\d\+ LOAD_GLOBAL __class__ (cache=0)
@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ Raw bytecode (code_info_size=\\d\+, bytecode_size=\\d\+):
arg names: * * *
(N_STATE 9)
(N_EXC_STACK 0)
bc=-\\d\+ line=1
bc=0 line=1
bc=0 line=59
########
00 LOAD_NULL
@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ Raw bytecode (code_info_size=\\d\+, bytecode_size=\\d\+):
arg names: * * *
(N_STATE 10)
(N_EXC_STACK 0)
bc=-\\d\+ line=1
bc=0 line=1
bc=0 line=60
########
00 BUILD_LIST 0
@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ Raw bytecode (code_info_size=\\d\+, bytecode_size=\\d\+):
arg names: * * *
(N_STATE 11)
(N_EXC_STACK 0)
bc=-\\d\+ line=1
bc=0 line=1
########
00 BUILD_MAP 0
02 LOAD_FAST 2
@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ Raw bytecode (code_info_size=\\d\+, bytecode_size=\\d\+):
arg names: *
(N_STATE 4)
(N_EXC_STACK 0)
bc=-\\d\+ line=1
bc=0 line=1
########
bc=\\d\+ line=113
00 LOAD_DEREF 0
@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ Raw bytecode (code_info_size=\\d\+, bytecode_size=\\d\+):
arg names: * b
(N_STATE 4)
(N_EXC_STACK 0)
bc=-\\d\+ line=1
bc=0 line=1
########
bc=\\d\+ line=139
00 LOAD_FAST 1

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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Raw bytecode (code_info_size=\\d\+, bytecode_size=\\d\+):
arg names:
(N_STATE 2)
(N_EXC_STACK 0)
bc=-1 line=1
bc=0 line=1
bc=0 line=3
00 LOAD_NAME print (cache=0)
04 LOAD_CONST_SMALL_INT 1

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@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ user_files = {
'/mod1.mpy': (
b'M\x05\x0b\x1f\x20' # header
b'\x24' # n bytes, bytecode
b'\x00\x05\x00\x00\x00\x00\xff' # prelude
b'\x20' # n bytes, bytecode
b'\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00' # prelude
b'\x51' # LOAD_CONST_NONE
b'\x63' # RETURN_VALUE

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@ -142,16 +142,6 @@ def mp_opcode_format(bytecode, ip, count_var_uint):
ip += extra_byte
return f, ip - ip_start
def decode_uint(bytecode, ip):
unum = 0
while True:
val = bytecode[ip]
ip += 1
unum = (unum << 7) | (val & 0x7f)
if not (val & 0x80):
break
return ip, unum
def read_prelude_sig(read_byte):
z = read_byte()
# xSSSSEAA
@ -175,6 +165,20 @@ def read_prelude_sig(read_byte):
S += 1
return S, E, F, A, K, D
def read_prelude_size(read_byte):
I = 0
C = 0
n = 0
while True:
z = read_byte()
# xIIIIIIC
I |= ((z & 0x7e) >> 1) << (6 * n)
C |= (z & 1) << n
if not (z & 0x80):
break
n += 1
return I, C
def extract_prelude(bytecode, ip):
def local_read_byte():
b = bytecode[ip_ref[0]]
@ -182,16 +186,14 @@ def extract_prelude(bytecode, ip):
return b
ip_ref = [ip] # to close over ip in Python 2 and 3
n_state, n_exc_stack, scope_flags, n_pos_args, n_kwonly_args, n_def_pos_args = read_prelude_sig(local_read_byte)
n_info, n_cell = read_prelude_size(local_read_byte)
ip = ip_ref[0]
ip2, code_info_size = decode_uint(bytecode, ip)
ip += code_info_size
while bytecode[ip] != 0xff:
ip += 1
ip += 1
ip2 = ip
ip = ip2 + n_info + n_cell
# ip now points to first opcode
# ip2 points to simple_name qstr
return ip, ip2, (n_state, n_exc_stack, scope_flags, n_pos_args, n_kwonly_args, n_def_pos_args, code_info_size)
return ip, ip2, (n_state, n_exc_stack, scope_flags, n_pos_args, n_kwonly_args, n_def_pos_args)
class MPFunTable:
pass
@ -359,7 +361,6 @@ class RawCode(object):
print(' .qstr_block_name = %s,' % self.simple_name.qstr_id)
print(' .qstr_source_file = %s,' % self.source_file.qstr_id)
print(' .line_info = fun_data_%s + %u,' % (self.escaped_name, 0)) # TODO
print(' .locals = fun_data_%s + %u,' % (self.escaped_name, 0)) # TODO
print(' .opcodes = fun_data_%s + %u,' % (self.escaped_name, self.ip))
print(' },')
print(' .line_of_definition = %u,' % 0) # TODO
@ -583,14 +584,11 @@ def read_obj(f):
def read_prelude(f, bytecode):
n_state, n_exc_stack, scope_flags, n_pos_args, n_kwonly_args, n_def_pos_args = read_prelude_sig(lambda: read_byte(f, bytecode))
l1 = bytecode.idx
code_info_size = read_uint(f, bytecode)
n_info, n_cell = read_prelude_size(lambda: read_byte(f, bytecode))
l2 = bytecode.idx
for _ in range(code_info_size - (l2 - l1)):
for _ in range(n_info + n_cell):
read_byte(f, bytecode)
while read_byte(f, bytecode) != 255:
pass
return l2, (n_state, n_exc_stack, scope_flags, n_pos_args, n_kwonly_args, n_def_pos_args, code_info_size)
return l2, (n_state, n_exc_stack, scope_flags, n_pos_args, n_kwonly_args, n_def_pos_args)
def read_qstr_and_pack(f, bytecode, qstr_win):
qst = read_qstr(f, qstr_win)