Previous to this patch the printing mechanism was a bit of a tangled
mess. This patch attempts to consolidate printing into one interface.
All (non-debug) printing now uses the mp_print* family of functions,
mainly mp_printf. All these functions take an mp_print_t structure as
their first argument, and this structure defines the printing backend
through the "print_strn" function of said structure.
Printing from the uPy core can reach the platform-defined print code via
two paths: either through mp_sys_stdout_obj (defined pert port) in
conjunction with mp_stream_write; or through the mp_plat_print structure
which uses the MP_PLAT_PRINT_STRN macro to define how string are printed
on the platform. The former is only used when MICROPY_PY_IO is defined.
With this new scheme printing is generally more efficient (less layers
to go through, less arguments to pass), and, given an mp_print_t*
structure, one can call mp_print_str for efficiency instead of
mp_printf("%s", ...). Code size is also reduced by around 200 bytes on
Thumb2 archs.
This simplifies the API for objects and reduces code size (by around 400
bytes on Thumb2, and around 2k on x86). Performance impact was measured
with Pystone score, but change was barely noticeable.
This patch gets full function argument passing working with native
emitter. Includes named args, keyword args, default args, var args
and var keyword args. Fully Python compliant.
It reuses the bytecode mp_setup_code_state function to do all the hard
work. This function is slightly adjusted to accommodate native calls,
and the native emitter is forced a bit to emit similar prelude and
code-info as bytecode.
mp_obj_t internal representation doesn't have to be a pointer to object,
it can be anything.
There's also a support for back-conversion in the form of MP_OBJ_UNCAST.
This is kind of optimization/status quo preserver to minimize patching the
existing code and avoid doing potentially expensive MP_OBJ_CAST over and
over. But then one may imagine implementations where MP_OBJ_UNCAST is very
expensive. But such implementations are unlikely interesting in practice.
Given that there's already support for "fixed table" maps, which are
essentially ordered maps, the implementation of OrderedDict just extends
"fixed table" maps by adding an "is ordered" flag and add/remove
operations, and reuses 95% of objdict code, just making methods tolerant
to both dict and OrderedDict.
Some things are missing so far, like CPython-compatible repr and comparison.
OrderedDict is Disabled by default; enabled on unix and stmhal ports.
This is rarely used feature which takes enough code to implement, so is
controlled by MICROPY_PY_ARRAY_SLICE_ASSIGN config setting, default off.
But otherwise it may be useful, as allows to update arbitrary-sized data
buffers in-place.
Slice is yet to implement, and actually, slice assignment implemented in
such a way that RHS of assignment should be array of the exact same item
typecode as LHS. CPython has it more relaxed, where RHS can be any sequence
of compatible types (e.g. it's possible to assign list of int's to a
bytearray slice).
Overall, when all "slice write" features are implemented, it may cost ~1KB
of code.
With this patch str/bytes construction is streamlined. Always use a
vstr to build a str/bytes object. If the size is known beforehand then
use vstr_init_len to allocate only required memory. Otherwise use
vstr_init and the vstr will grow as needed. Then use
mp_obj_new_str_from_vstr to create a str/bytes object using the vstr
memory.
Saves code ROM: 68 bytes on stmhal, 108 bytes on bare-arm, and 336 bytes
on unix x64.
This patch allows to reuse vstr memory when creating str/bytes object.
This improves memory usage.
Also saves code ROM: 128 bytes on stmhal, 92 bytes on bare-arm, and 88
bytes on unix x64.
Previous patch c38dc3ccc7 allowed any
object to be compared with any other, using pointer comparison for a
fallback. As such, existing code which checked for this case is no
longer needed.
This fixes conversion when float type has more mantissa bits than small int,
and float value has small exponent. This is for example the case of 32-bit
platform using doubles, and converting value of time.time(). Conversion of
floats with larg exponnet is still not handled correctly.
This patch adds a configuration option (MICROPY_CAN_OVERRIDE_BUILTINS)
which, when enabled, allows to override all names within the builtins
module. A builtins override dict is created the first time the user
assigns to a name in the builtins model, and then that dict is searched
first on subsequent lookups. Note that this implementation doesn't
allow deleting of names.
This patch also does some refactoring of builtins code, creating the
modbuiltins.c file.
Addresses issue #959.
The function is modeled after traceback.print_exception(), but unbloated,
and put into existing module to save overhead on adding another module.
Compliant traceback.print_exception() is intended to be implemented in
micropython-lib in terms of sys.print_exception().
This change required refactoring mp_obj_print_exception() to take pfenv_t
interface arguments.
Addresses #751.
mp_obj_int_get_truncated is used as a "fast path" int accessor that
doesn't check for overflow and returns the int truncated to the machine
word size, ie mp_int_t.
Use mp_obj_int_get_truncated to fix struct.pack when packing maximum word
sized values.
Addresses issues #779 and #998.
This allows to implement KeyboardInterrupt on unix, and a much safer
ctrl-C in stmhal port. First ctrl-C is a soft one, with hope that VM
will notice it; second ctrl-C is a hard one that kills anything (for
both unix and stmhal).
One needs to check for a pending exception in the VM only for jump
opcodes. Others can't produce an infinite loop (infinite recursion is
caught by stack check).
This saves a lot of RAM for 2 reasons:
1. For functions that don't have default values, var args or var kw
args (which is a large number of functions in the general case), the
mp_obj_fun_bc_t type now fits in 1 GC block (previously needed 2 because
of the extra pointer to point to the arg_names array). So this saves 16
bytes per function (32 bytes on 64-bit machines).
2. Combining separate memory regions generally saves RAM because the
unused bytes at the end of the GC block are saved for 1 of the blocks
(since that block doesn't exist on its own anymore). So generally this
saves 8 bytes per function.
Tested by importing lots of modules:
- 64-bit Linux gave about an 8% RAM saving for 86k of used RAM.
- pyboard gave about a 6% RAM saving for 31k of used RAM.
In CPython IOError (and EnvironmentError) is deprecated and aliased to
OSError. All modules that used to raise IOError now raise OSError (or a
derived exception).
In Micro Python we never used IOError (except 1 place, incorrectly) and
so don't need to keep it.
See http://legacy.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3151/ for background.
Because (for Thumb) a function pointer has the LSB set, pointers to
dynamic functions in RAM (eg native, viper or asm functions) were not
being traced by the GC. This patch is a comprehensive fix for this.
Addresses issue #820.
reversed function now implemented, and works for tuple, list, str, bytes
and user objects with __len__ and __getitem__.
Renamed mp_builtin_len to mp_obj_len to make it publically available (eg
for reversed).
This happens for example for zero-size arrays. As .get_buffer() method now
has explicit return value, it's enough to distinguish success vs failure
of getting buffer.
The user code should call micropython.alloc_emergency_exception_buf(size)
where size is the size of the buffer used to print the argument
passed to the exception.
With the test code from #732, and a call to
micropython.alloc_emergenncy_exception_buf(100) the following error is
now printed:
```python
>>> import heartbeat_irq
Uncaught exception in Timer(4) interrupt handler
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "0://heartbeat_irq.py", line 14, in heartbeat_cb
NameError: name 'led' is not defined
```
This will allow roughly the same behavior as Python3 for non-ASCII strings,
for example, print("<phrase in non-Latin script>".split()) will print list
of words, not weird hex dump (like Python2 behaves). (Of course, that it
will print list of words, if there're "words" in that phrase at all, separated
by ASCII-compatible whitespace; that surely won't apply to every human
language in existence).
Two things are handled here: allow to compare native subtypes of tuple,
e.g. namedtuple (TODO: should compare type too, currently compared
duck-typedly by content). Secondly, allow user sunclasses of tuples
(and its subtypes) be compared either. "Magic" I did previously in
objtype.c covers only one argument (lhs is many), so we're in trouble
when lhs is native type - there's no other option besides handling
rhs in special manner. Fortunately, this patch outlines approach with
fast path for native types.
Blanket wide to all .c and .h files. Some files originating from ST are
difficult to deal with (license wise) so it was left out of those.
Also merged modpyb.h, modos.h, modstm.h and modtime.h in stmhal/.
Closed over variables are now passed on the stack, instead of creating a
tuple and passing that. This way memory for the closed over variables
can be allocated within the closure object itself. See issue #510 for
background.
When querying an object that supports the buffer protocol, that object
must now return a typecode (as per binary.[ch]). This does not have to
be honoured by the caller, but can be useful for determining element
size.
This is to reduce ROM usage. stream_p is used in file and socket types
only (at the moment), so seems a good idea to make the protocol
functions a pointer instead of the actual structure.
It saves 308 bytes of ROM in the stmhal/ port, 928 in unix/.
One of the reason for separate "message" (besides still unfulfilled desire to
optimize memory usage) was apparent special handling of exception with
messages by CPython. Well, the message is still just an exception argument,
it just printed specially. Implement that with PRINT_EXC printing format.
Pretty much everyone needs to include map.h, since it's such an integral
part of the Micro Python object implementation. Thus, the definitions
are now in obj.h instead. map.h is removed.
Mostly just a global search and replace. Except rt_is_true which
becomes mp_obj_is_true.
Still would like to tidy up some of the names, but this will do for now.
Rationale: setting up the stack (state for locals and exceptions) is
really part of the "code", it's the prelude of the function. For
example, native code adjusts the stack pointer on entry to the function.
Native code doesn't need to know n_state for any other reason. So
putting the state size in the bytecode prelude is sensible.
It reduced ROM usage on STM by about 30 bytes :) And makes it easier to
pass information about the bytecode between functions.
Originally, .methods was used for methods in a ROM class, and
locals_dict for methods in a user-created class. That distinction is
unnecessary, and we can use locals_dict for ROM classes now that we have
ROMable maps.
This removes an entry in the bloated mp_obj_type_t struct, saving a word
for each ROM object and each RAM object. ROM objects that have a
methods table (now a locals_dict) need an extra word in total (removed
the methods pointer (1 word), no longer need the sentinel (2 words), but
now need an mp_obj_dict_t wrapper (4 words)). But RAM objects save a
word because they never used the methods entry.
Overall the ROM usage is down by a few hundred bytes, and RAM usage is
down 1 word per user-defined type/class.
There is less code (no need to check 2 tables), and now consistent with
the way ROM modules have their tables initialised.
Efficiency is very close to equivaluent.
This gets "value" of exceptions in the sense as it's defined for
StopIteration.value (i.e. args[0] or None).
TODO: This really should be inline function.
Return with value gets converted to StopIteration(value). Implementation
keeps optimizing against creating of possibly unneeded exception objects,
so there're considerable refactoring to implement these features.
Damien George