2006-09-27 02:50:01 -06:00
|
|
|
#ifndef _LINUX_MM_TYPES_H
|
|
|
|
#define _LINUX_MM_TYPES_H
|
|
|
|
|
2007-10-17 00:30:12 -06:00
|
|
|
#include <linux/auxvec.h>
|
2006-09-27 02:50:01 -06:00
|
|
|
#include <linux/types.h>
|
|
|
|
#include <linux/threads.h>
|
|
|
|
#include <linux/list.h>
|
|
|
|
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
|
2007-10-16 02:24:43 -06:00
|
|
|
#include <linux/rbtree.h>
|
|
|
|
#include <linux/rwsem.h>
|
|
|
|
#include <linux/completion.h>
|
mmu-notifiers: core
With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages.
There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too.
sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in
mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no
actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU
secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss
event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by
the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will
walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently
to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way
zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte
(and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and
reused.
Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that
means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte
because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap
event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released
(so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe
logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the
spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in
the secondary MMU).
The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know
when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so
that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed,
avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest
physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the
mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in
zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for
each fixed number of spte unmapped.
To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection
downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be
invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call
get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it
called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated
spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a
readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls
get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example.
This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the
primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an
full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer
with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of
schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no
need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating
primary-mmu pte).
At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests
reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows
several other optimizations that simplify life considerably.
Dependencies:
1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM
isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep
track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end
critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and
decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map
any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of
range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical
section could later immediately be freed without any further
->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on
ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing
the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the
mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap
locks must be taken too.
2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly
run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if
CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of
mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module
against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from
kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to
continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they
submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can
also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n).
This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM
are all =n.
The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be
interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster
is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here
an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers.
Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and
-ENOMEM failure paths exists already.
struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void)
{
struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL);
+ int err;
if (!kvm)
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages);
+ kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops;
+ err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm);
+ if (err) {
+ kfree(kvm);
+ return ERR_PTR(err);
+ }
+
return kvm;
}
mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable.
The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent
kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need
them by luck).
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build]
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com>
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com>
Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com>
Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com>
Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com>
Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-28 16:46:29 -06:00
|
|
|
#include <linux/cpumask.h>
|
2009-03-31 16:23:17 -06:00
|
|
|
#include <linux/page-debug-flags.h>
|
2012-03-30 12:26:31 -06:00
|
|
|
#include <linux/uprobes.h>
|
2013-02-22 17:34:30 -07:00
|
|
|
#include <linux/page-flags-layout.h>
|
2007-10-16 02:24:43 -06:00
|
|
|
#include <asm/page.h>
|
|
|
|
#include <asm/mmu.h>
|
2006-09-27 02:50:01 -06:00
|
|
|
|
2007-10-17 00:30:12 -06:00
|
|
|
#ifndef AT_VECTOR_SIZE_ARCH
|
|
|
|
#define AT_VECTOR_SIZE_ARCH 0
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
#define AT_VECTOR_SIZE (2*(AT_VECTOR_SIZE_ARCH + AT_VECTOR_SIZE_BASE + 1))
|
|
|
|
|
2006-09-27 02:50:01 -06:00
|
|
|
struct address_space;
|
|
|
|
|
2013-11-14 15:30:45 -07:00
|
|
|
#define USE_SPLIT_PTE_PTLOCKS (NR_CPUS >= CONFIG_SPLIT_PTLOCK_CPUS)
|
2013-11-14 15:31:07 -07:00
|
|
|
#define USE_SPLIT_PMD_PTLOCKS (USE_SPLIT_PTE_PTLOCKS && \
|
|
|
|
IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_ENABLE_SPLIT_PMD_PTLOCK))
|
2013-12-20 04:35:58 -07:00
|
|
|
#define ALLOC_SPLIT_PTLOCKS (SPINLOCK_SIZE > BITS_PER_LONG/8)
|
2008-09-09 16:43:22 -06:00
|
|
|
|
2006-09-27 02:50:01 -06:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Each physical page in the system has a struct page associated with
|
|
|
|
* it to keep track of whatever it is we are using the page for at the
|
|
|
|
* moment. Note that we have no way to track which tasks are using
|
|
|
|
* a page, though if it is a pagecache page, rmap structures can tell us
|
|
|
|
* who is mapping it.
|
2011-06-01 11:25:48 -06:00
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* The objects in struct page are organized in double word blocks in
|
|
|
|
* order to allows us to use atomic double word operations on portions
|
|
|
|
* of struct page. That is currently only used by slub but the arrangement
|
|
|
|
* allows the use of atomic double word operations on the flags/mapping
|
|
|
|
* and lru list pointers also.
|
2006-09-27 02:50:01 -06:00
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
struct page {
|
2011-06-01 11:25:48 -06:00
|
|
|
/* First double word block */
|
2006-09-27 02:50:01 -06:00
|
|
|
unsigned long flags; /* Atomic flags, some possibly
|
|
|
|
* updated asynchronously */
|
2013-10-23 19:07:49 -06:00
|
|
|
union {
|
|
|
|
struct address_space *mapping; /* If low bit clear, points to
|
|
|
|
* inode address_space, or NULL.
|
|
|
|
* If page mapped as anonymous
|
|
|
|
* memory, low bit is set, and
|
|
|
|
* it points to anon_vma object:
|
|
|
|
* see PAGE_MAPPING_ANON below.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
void *s_mem; /* slab first object */
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
2011-06-01 11:25:48 -06:00
|
|
|
/* Second double word */
|
2011-07-14 11:48:14 -06:00
|
|
|
struct {
|
|
|
|
union {
|
2011-06-01 11:25:48 -06:00
|
|
|
pgoff_t index; /* Our offset within mapping. */
|
2013-10-23 19:07:49 -06:00
|
|
|
void *freelist; /* sl[aou]b first free object */
|
mm: sl[au]b: add knowledge of PFMEMALLOC reserve pages
When a user or administrator requires swap for their application, they
create a swap partition and file, format it with mkswap and activate it
with swapon. Swap over the network is considered as an option in diskless
systems. The two likely scenarios are when blade servers are used as part
of a cluster where the form factor or maintenance costs do not allow the
use of disks and thin clients.
The Linux Terminal Server Project recommends the use of the Network Block
Device (NBD) for swap according to the manual at
https://sourceforge.net/projects/ltsp/files/Docs-Admin-Guide/LTSPManual.pdf/download
There is also documentation and tutorials on how to setup swap over NBD at
places like https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuLTSP/EnableNBDSWAP The
nbd-client also documents the use of NBD as swap. Despite this, the fact
is that a machine using NBD for swap can deadlock within minutes if swap
is used intensively. This patch series addresses the problem.
The core issue is that network block devices do not use mempools like
normal block devices do. As the host cannot control where they receive
packets from, they cannot reliably work out in advance how much memory
they might need. Some years ago, Peter Zijlstra developed a series of
patches that supported swap over an NFS that at least one distribution is
carrying within their kernels. This patch series borrows very heavily
from Peter's work to support swapping over NBD as a pre-requisite to
supporting swap-over-NFS. The bulk of the complexity is concerned with
preserving memory that is allocated from the PFMEMALLOC reserves for use
by the network layer which is needed for both NBD and NFS.
Patch 1 adds knowledge of the PFMEMALLOC reserves to SLAB and SLUB to
preserve access to pages allocated under low memory situations
to callers that are freeing memory.
Patch 2 optimises the SLUB fast path to avoid pfmemalloc checks
Patch 3 introduces __GFP_MEMALLOC to allow access to the PFMEMALLOC
reserves without setting PFMEMALLOC.
Patch 4 opens the possibility for softirqs to use PFMEMALLOC reserves
for later use by network packet processing.
Patch 5 only sets page->pfmemalloc when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS was required
Patch 6 ignores memory policies when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS is set.
Patches 7-12 allows network processing to use PFMEMALLOC reserves when
the socket has been marked as being used by the VM to clean pages. If
packets are received and stored in pages that were allocated under
low-memory situations and are unrelated to the VM, the packets
are dropped.
Patch 11 reintroduces __skb_alloc_page which the networking
folk may object to but is needed in some cases to propogate
pfmemalloc from a newly allocated page to an skb. If there is a
strong objection, this patch can be dropped with the impact being
that swap-over-network will be slower in some cases but it should
not fail.
Patch 13 is a micro-optimisation to avoid a function call in the
common case.
Patch 14 tags NBD sockets as being SOCK_MEMALLOC so they can use
PFMEMALLOC if necessary.
Patch 15 notes that it is still possible for the PFMEMALLOC reserve
to be depleted. To prevent this, direct reclaimers get throttled on
a waitqueue if 50% of the PFMEMALLOC reserves are depleted. It is
expected that kswapd and the direct reclaimers already running
will clean enough pages for the low watermark to be reached and
the throttled processes are woken up.
Patch 16 adds a statistic to track how often processes get throttled
Some basic performance testing was run using kernel builds, netperf on
loopback for UDP and TCP, hackbench (pipes and sockets), iozone and
sysbench. Each of them were expected to use the sl*b allocators
reasonably heavily but there did not appear to be significant performance
variances.
For testing swap-over-NBD, a machine was booted with 2G of RAM with a
swapfile backed by NBD. 8*NUM_CPU processes were started that create
anonymous memory mappings and read them linearly in a loop. The total
size of the mappings were 4*PHYSICAL_MEMORY to use swap heavily under
memory pressure.
Without the patches and using SLUB, the machine locks up within minutes
and runs to completion with them applied. With SLAB, the story is
different as an unpatched kernel run to completion. However, the patched
kernel completed the test 45% faster.
MICRO
3.5.0-rc2 3.5.0-rc2
vanilla swapnbd
Unrecognised test vmscan-anon-mmap-write
MMTests Statistics: duration
Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 197.80 173.07
User+Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 206.96 182.03
Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 3240.70 1762.09
This patch: mm: sl[au]b: add knowledge of PFMEMALLOC reserve pages
Allocations of pages below the min watermark run a risk of the machine
hanging due to a lack of memory. To prevent this, only callers who have
PF_MEMALLOC or TIF_MEMDIE set and are not processing an interrupt are
allowed to allocate with ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS. Once they are allocated to
a slab though, nothing prevents other callers consuming free objects
within those slabs. This patch limits access to slab pages that were
alloced from the PFMEMALLOC reserves.
When this patch is applied, pages allocated from below the low watermark
are returned with page->pfmemalloc set and it is up to the caller to
determine how the page should be protected. SLAB restricts access to any
page with page->pfmemalloc set to callers which are known to able to
access the PFMEMALLOC reserve. If one is not available, an attempt is
made to allocate a new page rather than use a reserve. SLUB is a bit more
relaxed in that it only records if the current per-CPU page was allocated
from PFMEMALLOC reserve and uses another partial slab if the caller does
not have the necessary GFP or process flags. This was found to be
sufficient in tests to avoid hangs due to SLUB generally maintaining
smaller lists than SLAB.
In low-memory conditions it does mean that !PFMEMALLOC allocators can fail
a slab allocation even though free objects are available because they are
being preserved for callers that are freeing pages.
[a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Original implementation]
[sebastian@breakpoint.cc: Correct order of page flag clearing]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-07-31 17:43:58 -06:00
|
|
|
bool pfmemalloc; /* If set by the page allocator,
|
2012-07-31 17:44:03 -06:00
|
|
|
* ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS was set
|
mm: sl[au]b: add knowledge of PFMEMALLOC reserve pages
When a user or administrator requires swap for their application, they
create a swap partition and file, format it with mkswap and activate it
with swapon. Swap over the network is considered as an option in diskless
systems. The two likely scenarios are when blade servers are used as part
of a cluster where the form factor or maintenance costs do not allow the
use of disks and thin clients.
The Linux Terminal Server Project recommends the use of the Network Block
Device (NBD) for swap according to the manual at
https://sourceforge.net/projects/ltsp/files/Docs-Admin-Guide/LTSPManual.pdf/download
There is also documentation and tutorials on how to setup swap over NBD at
places like https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuLTSP/EnableNBDSWAP The
nbd-client also documents the use of NBD as swap. Despite this, the fact
is that a machine using NBD for swap can deadlock within minutes if swap
is used intensively. This patch series addresses the problem.
The core issue is that network block devices do not use mempools like
normal block devices do. As the host cannot control where they receive
packets from, they cannot reliably work out in advance how much memory
they might need. Some years ago, Peter Zijlstra developed a series of
patches that supported swap over an NFS that at least one distribution is
carrying within their kernels. This patch series borrows very heavily
from Peter's work to support swapping over NBD as a pre-requisite to
supporting swap-over-NFS. The bulk of the complexity is concerned with
preserving memory that is allocated from the PFMEMALLOC reserves for use
by the network layer which is needed for both NBD and NFS.
Patch 1 adds knowledge of the PFMEMALLOC reserves to SLAB and SLUB to
preserve access to pages allocated under low memory situations
to callers that are freeing memory.
Patch 2 optimises the SLUB fast path to avoid pfmemalloc checks
Patch 3 introduces __GFP_MEMALLOC to allow access to the PFMEMALLOC
reserves without setting PFMEMALLOC.
Patch 4 opens the possibility for softirqs to use PFMEMALLOC reserves
for later use by network packet processing.
Patch 5 only sets page->pfmemalloc when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS was required
Patch 6 ignores memory policies when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS is set.
Patches 7-12 allows network processing to use PFMEMALLOC reserves when
the socket has been marked as being used by the VM to clean pages. If
packets are received and stored in pages that were allocated under
low-memory situations and are unrelated to the VM, the packets
are dropped.
Patch 11 reintroduces __skb_alloc_page which the networking
folk may object to but is needed in some cases to propogate
pfmemalloc from a newly allocated page to an skb. If there is a
strong objection, this patch can be dropped with the impact being
that swap-over-network will be slower in some cases but it should
not fail.
Patch 13 is a micro-optimisation to avoid a function call in the
common case.
Patch 14 tags NBD sockets as being SOCK_MEMALLOC so they can use
PFMEMALLOC if necessary.
Patch 15 notes that it is still possible for the PFMEMALLOC reserve
to be depleted. To prevent this, direct reclaimers get throttled on
a waitqueue if 50% of the PFMEMALLOC reserves are depleted. It is
expected that kswapd and the direct reclaimers already running
will clean enough pages for the low watermark to be reached and
the throttled processes are woken up.
Patch 16 adds a statistic to track how often processes get throttled
Some basic performance testing was run using kernel builds, netperf on
loopback for UDP and TCP, hackbench (pipes and sockets), iozone and
sysbench. Each of them were expected to use the sl*b allocators
reasonably heavily but there did not appear to be significant performance
variances.
For testing swap-over-NBD, a machine was booted with 2G of RAM with a
swapfile backed by NBD. 8*NUM_CPU processes were started that create
anonymous memory mappings and read them linearly in a loop. The total
size of the mappings were 4*PHYSICAL_MEMORY to use swap heavily under
memory pressure.
Without the patches and using SLUB, the machine locks up within minutes
and runs to completion with them applied. With SLAB, the story is
different as an unpatched kernel run to completion. However, the patched
kernel completed the test 45% faster.
MICRO
3.5.0-rc2 3.5.0-rc2
vanilla swapnbd
Unrecognised test vmscan-anon-mmap-write
MMTests Statistics: duration
Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 197.80 173.07
User+Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 206.96 182.03
Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 3240.70 1762.09
This patch: mm: sl[au]b: add knowledge of PFMEMALLOC reserve pages
Allocations of pages below the min watermark run a risk of the machine
hanging due to a lack of memory. To prevent this, only callers who have
PF_MEMALLOC or TIF_MEMDIE set and are not processing an interrupt are
allowed to allocate with ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS. Once they are allocated to
a slab though, nothing prevents other callers consuming free objects
within those slabs. This patch limits access to slab pages that were
alloced from the PFMEMALLOC reserves.
When this patch is applied, pages allocated from below the low watermark
are returned with page->pfmemalloc set and it is up to the caller to
determine how the page should be protected. SLAB restricts access to any
page with page->pfmemalloc set to callers which are known to able to
access the PFMEMALLOC reserve. If one is not available, an attempt is
made to allocate a new page rather than use a reserve. SLUB is a bit more
relaxed in that it only records if the current per-CPU page was allocated
from PFMEMALLOC reserve and uses another partial slab if the caller does
not have the necessary GFP or process flags. This was found to be
sufficient in tests to avoid hangs due to SLUB generally maintaining
smaller lists than SLAB.
In low-memory conditions it does mean that !PFMEMALLOC allocators can fail
a slab allocation even though free objects are available because they are
being preserved for callers that are freeing pages.
[a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Original implementation]
[sebastian@breakpoint.cc: Correct order of page flag clearing]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-07-31 17:43:58 -06:00
|
|
|
* and the low watermark was not
|
|
|
|
* met implying that the system
|
|
|
|
* is under some pressure. The
|
|
|
|
* caller should try ensure
|
|
|
|
* this page is only used to
|
|
|
|
* free other pages.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2011-07-14 11:48:14 -06:00
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
union {
|
2012-06-20 13:52:56 -06:00
|
|
|
#if defined(CONFIG_HAVE_CMPXCHG_DOUBLE) && \
|
|
|
|
defined(CONFIG_HAVE_ALIGNED_STRUCT_PAGE)
|
2011-07-14 11:48:14 -06:00
|
|
|
/* Used for cmpxchg_double in slub */
|
|
|
|
unsigned long counters;
|
2012-06-20 13:52:56 -06:00
|
|
|
#else
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Keep _count separate from slub cmpxchg_double data.
|
|
|
|
* As the rest of the double word is protected by
|
|
|
|
* slab_lock but _count is not.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
unsigned counters;
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
2011-07-14 11:48:14 -06:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
struct {
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
union {
|
2011-11-02 14:36:59 -06:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Count of ptes mapped in
|
|
|
|
* mms, to show when page is
|
|
|
|
* mapped & limit reverse map
|
|
|
|
* searches.
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* Used also for tail pages
|
|
|
|
* refcounting instead of
|
|
|
|
* _count. Tail pages cannot
|
|
|
|
* be mapped and keeping the
|
|
|
|
* tail page _count zero at
|
|
|
|
* all times guarantees
|
|
|
|
* get_page_unless_zero() will
|
|
|
|
* never succeed on tail
|
|
|
|
* pages.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
atomic_t _mapcount;
|
2011-06-01 11:25:48 -06:00
|
|
|
|
2012-06-13 09:24:52 -06:00
|
|
|
struct { /* SLUB */
|
2011-07-14 11:48:14 -06:00
|
|
|
unsigned inuse:16;
|
|
|
|
unsigned objects:15;
|
|
|
|
unsigned frozen:1;
|
|
|
|
};
|
2012-06-13 09:24:52 -06:00
|
|
|
int units; /* SLOB */
|
2011-07-18 06:16:55 -06:00
|
|
|
};
|
2011-07-14 11:48:14 -06:00
|
|
|
atomic_t _count; /* Usage count, see below. */
|
2011-06-01 11:25:48 -06:00
|
|
|
};
|
2013-10-23 19:07:49 -06:00
|
|
|
unsigned int active; /* SLAB */
|
2008-04-14 10:11:30 -06:00
|
|
|
};
|
2007-05-06 15:49:36 -06:00
|
|
|
};
|
2011-06-01 11:25:48 -06:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Third double word block */
|
2011-08-09 15:12:27 -06:00
|
|
|
union {
|
|
|
|
struct list_head lru; /* Pageout list, eg. active_list
|
2011-06-01 11:25:48 -06:00
|
|
|
* protected by zone->lru_lock !
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2011-08-09 15:12:27 -06:00
|
|
|
struct { /* slub per cpu partial pages */
|
|
|
|
struct page *next; /* Next partial slab */
|
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
|
|
|
|
int pages; /* Nr of partial slabs left */
|
|
|
|
int pobjects; /* Approximate # of objects */
|
|
|
|
#else
|
|
|
|
short int pages;
|
|
|
|
short int pobjects;
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
};
|
2012-06-13 09:24:52 -06:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
struct list_head list; /* slobs list of pages */
|
slub: Commonize slab_cache field in struct page
Right now, slab and slub have fields in struct page to derive which
cache a page belongs to, but they do it slightly differently.
slab uses a field called slab_cache, that lives in the third double
word. slub, uses a field called "slab", living outside of the
doublewords area.
Ideally, we could use the same field for this. Since slub heavily makes
use of the doubleword region, there isn't really much room to move
slub's slab_cache field around. Since slab does not have such strict
placement restrictions, we can move it outside the doubleword area.
The naming used by slab, "slab_cache", is less confusing, and it is
preferred over slub's generic "slab".
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
CC: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
2012-10-22 08:05:36 -06:00
|
|
|
struct slab *slab_page; /* slab fields */
|
2013-10-23 19:07:42 -06:00
|
|
|
struct rcu_head rcu_head; /* Used by SLAB
|
|
|
|
* when destroying via RCU
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2013-11-21 15:32:11 -07:00
|
|
|
#if defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) && USE_SPLIT_PMD_PTLOCKS
|
|
|
|
pgtable_t pmd_huge_pte; /* protected by page->ptl */
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
2011-08-09 15:12:27 -06:00
|
|
|
};
|
2011-06-01 11:25:48 -06:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Remainder is not double word aligned */
|
2006-09-27 02:50:01 -06:00
|
|
|
union {
|
|
|
|
unsigned long private; /* Mapping-private opaque data:
|
|
|
|
* usually used for buffer_heads
|
|
|
|
* if PagePrivate set; used for
|
|
|
|
* swp_entry_t if PageSwapCache;
|
|
|
|
* indicates order in the buddy
|
|
|
|
* system if PG_buddy is set.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2013-11-14 15:30:45 -07:00
|
|
|
#if USE_SPLIT_PTE_PTLOCKS
|
2013-12-20 04:35:58 -07:00
|
|
|
#if ALLOC_SPLIT_PTLOCKS
|
2013-11-14 15:31:52 -07:00
|
|
|
spinlock_t *ptl;
|
|
|
|
#else
|
|
|
|
spinlock_t ptl;
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
2006-09-27 02:50:01 -06:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
slub: Commonize slab_cache field in struct page
Right now, slab and slub have fields in struct page to derive which
cache a page belongs to, but they do it slightly differently.
slab uses a field called slab_cache, that lives in the third double
word. slub, uses a field called "slab", living outside of the
doublewords area.
Ideally, we could use the same field for this. Since slub heavily makes
use of the doubleword region, there isn't really much room to move
slub's slab_cache field around. Since slab does not have such strict
placement restrictions, we can move it outside the doubleword area.
The naming used by slab, "slab_cache", is less confusing, and it is
preferred over slub's generic "slab".
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
CC: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
2012-10-22 08:05:36 -06:00
|
|
|
struct kmem_cache *slab_cache; /* SL[AU]B: Pointer to slab */
|
2011-06-01 11:25:48 -06:00
|
|
|
struct page *first_page; /* Compound tail pages */
|
2007-05-06 15:49:36 -06:00
|
|
|
};
|
2011-06-01 11:25:48 -06:00
|
|
|
|
2006-09-27 02:50:01 -06:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* On machines where all RAM is mapped into kernel address space,
|
|
|
|
* we can simply calculate the virtual address. On machines with
|
|
|
|
* highmem some memory is mapped into kernel virtual memory
|
|
|
|
* dynamically, so we need a place to store that address.
|
|
|
|
* Note that this field could be 16 bits on x86 ... ;)
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* Architectures with slow multiplication can define
|
|
|
|
* WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL in asm/page.h
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
#if defined(WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL)
|
|
|
|
void *virtual; /* Kernel virtual address (NULL if
|
|
|
|
not kmapped, ie. highmem) */
|
|
|
|
#endif /* WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL */
|
2009-04-02 17:56:30 -06:00
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_WANT_PAGE_DEBUG_FLAGS
|
|
|
|
unsigned long debug_flags; /* Use atomic bitops on this */
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
2008-04-03 16:51:41 -06:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_KMEMCHECK
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* kmemcheck wants to track the status of each byte in a page; this
|
|
|
|
* is a pointer to such a status block. NULL if not tracked.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
void *shadow;
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
2012-11-12 02:06:20 -07:00
|
|
|
|
2013-10-07 04:29:20 -06:00
|
|
|
#ifdef LAST_CPUPID_NOT_IN_PAGE_FLAGS
|
|
|
|
int _last_cpupid;
|
2012-11-12 02:06:20 -07:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
2011-06-01 11:25:48 -06:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/*
|
2012-01-12 18:17:27 -07:00
|
|
|
* The struct page can be forced to be double word aligned so that atomic ops
|
|
|
|
* on double words work. The SLUB allocator can make use of such a feature.
|
2011-06-01 11:25:48 -06:00
|
|
|
*/
|
2012-01-12 18:17:27 -07:00
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ALIGNED_STRUCT_PAGE
|
|
|
|
__aligned(2 * sizeof(unsigned long))
|
2011-06-01 11:25:48 -06:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
;
|
2006-09-27 02:50:01 -06:00
|
|
|
|
2011-10-20 02:58:32 -06:00
|
|
|
struct page_frag {
|
|
|
|
struct page *page;
|
|
|
|
#if (BITS_PER_LONG > 32) || (PAGE_SIZE >= 65536)
|
|
|
|
__u32 offset;
|
|
|
|
__u32 size;
|
|
|
|
#else
|
|
|
|
__u16 offset;
|
|
|
|
__u16 size;
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
2011-05-26 04:16:19 -06:00
|
|
|
typedef unsigned long __nocast vm_flags_t;
|
|
|
|
|
2009-01-08 05:04:47 -07:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* A region containing a mapping of a non-memory backed file under NOMMU
|
|
|
|
* conditions. These are held in a global tree and are pinned by the VMAs that
|
|
|
|
* map parts of them.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
struct vm_region {
|
|
|
|
struct rb_node vm_rb; /* link in global region tree */
|
2011-05-26 04:16:19 -06:00
|
|
|
vm_flags_t vm_flags; /* VMA vm_flags */
|
2009-01-08 05:04:47 -07:00
|
|
|
unsigned long vm_start; /* start address of region */
|
|
|
|
unsigned long vm_end; /* region initialised to here */
|
2009-01-08 05:04:47 -07:00
|
|
|
unsigned long vm_top; /* region allocated to here */
|
2009-01-08 05:04:47 -07:00
|
|
|
unsigned long vm_pgoff; /* the offset in vm_file corresponding to vm_start */
|
|
|
|
struct file *vm_file; /* the backing file or NULL */
|
|
|
|
|
2010-01-15 18:01:33 -07:00
|
|
|
int vm_usage; /* region usage count (access under nommu_region_sem) */
|
NOMMU: Avoiding duplicate icache flushes of shared maps
When working with FDPIC, there are many shared mappings of read-only
code regions between applications (the C library, applet packages like
busybox, etc.), but the current do_mmap_pgoff() function will issue an
icache flush whenever a VMA is added to an MM instead of only doing it
when the map is initially created.
The flush can instead be done when a region is first mmapped PROT_EXEC.
Note that we may not rely on the first mapping of a region being
executable - it's possible for it to be PROT_READ only, so we have to
remember whether we've flushed the region or not, and then flush the
entire region when a bit of it is made executable.
However, this also affects the brk area. That will no longer be
executable. We can mprotect() it to PROT_EXEC on MPU-mode kernels, but
for NOMMU mode kernels, when it increases the brk allocation, making
sys_brk() flush the extra from the icache should suffice. The brk area
probably isn't used by NOMMU programs since the brk area can only use up
the leavings from the stack allocation, where the stack allocation is
larger than requested.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-01-06 10:23:23 -07:00
|
|
|
bool vm_icache_flushed : 1; /* true if the icache has been flushed for
|
|
|
|
* this region */
|
2009-01-08 05:04:47 -07:00
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
2007-10-16 02:24:43 -06:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* This struct defines a memory VMM memory area. There is one of these
|
|
|
|
* per VM-area/task. A VM area is any part of the process virtual memory
|
|
|
|
* space that has a special rule for the page-fault handlers (ie a shared
|
|
|
|
* library, the executable area etc).
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
struct vm_area_struct {
|
2012-12-11 17:01:44 -07:00
|
|
|
/* The first cache line has the info for VMA tree walking. */
|
|
|
|
|
2007-10-16 02:24:43 -06:00
|
|
|
unsigned long vm_start; /* Our start address within vm_mm. */
|
|
|
|
unsigned long vm_end; /* The first byte after our end address
|
|
|
|
within vm_mm. */
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* linked list of VM areas per task, sorted by address */
|
2010-08-20 17:24:55 -06:00
|
|
|
struct vm_area_struct *vm_next, *vm_prev;
|
2007-10-16 02:24:43 -06:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
struct rb_node vm_rb;
|
|
|
|
|
2012-12-11 17:01:38 -07:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Largest free memory gap in bytes to the left of this VMA.
|
|
|
|
* Either between this VMA and vma->vm_prev, or between one of the
|
|
|
|
* VMAs below us in the VMA rbtree and its ->vm_prev. This helps
|
|
|
|
* get_unmapped_area find a free area of the right size.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
unsigned long rb_subtree_gap;
|
|
|
|
|
2012-12-11 17:01:44 -07:00
|
|
|
/* Second cache line starts here. */
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
struct mm_struct *vm_mm; /* The address space we belong to. */
|
|
|
|
pgprot_t vm_page_prot; /* Access permissions of this VMA. */
|
|
|
|
unsigned long vm_flags; /* Flags, see mm.h. */
|
|
|
|
|
2007-10-16 02:24:43 -06:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* For areas with an address space and backing store,
|
2012-10-08 17:31:25 -06:00
|
|
|
* linkage into the address_space->i_mmap interval tree, or
|
2007-10-16 02:24:43 -06:00
|
|
|
* linkage of vma in the address_space->i_mmap_nonlinear list.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
union {
|
|
|
|
struct {
|
2012-10-08 17:31:25 -06:00
|
|
|
struct rb_node rb;
|
|
|
|
unsigned long rb_subtree_last;
|
|
|
|
} linear;
|
|
|
|
struct list_head nonlinear;
|
2007-10-16 02:24:43 -06:00
|
|
|
} shared;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* A file's MAP_PRIVATE vma can be in both i_mmap tree and anon_vma
|
|
|
|
* list, after a COW of one of the file pages. A MAP_SHARED vma
|
|
|
|
* can only be in the i_mmap tree. An anonymous MAP_PRIVATE, stack
|
|
|
|
* or brk vma (with NULL file) can only be in an anon_vma list.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
mm: change anon_vma linking to fix multi-process server scalability issue
The old anon_vma code can lead to scalability issues with heavily forking
workloads. Specifically, each anon_vma will be shared between the parent
process and all its child processes.
In a workload with 1000 child processes and a VMA with 1000 anonymous
pages per process that get COWed, this leads to a system with a million
anonymous pages in the same anon_vma, each of which is mapped in just one
of the 1000 processes. However, the current rmap code needs to walk them
all, leading to O(N) scanning complexity for each page.
This can result in systems where one CPU is walking the page tables of
1000 processes in page_referenced_one, while all other CPUs are stuck on
the anon_vma lock. This leads to catastrophic failure for a benchmark
like AIM7, where the total number of processes can reach in the tens of
thousands. Real workloads are still a factor 10 less process intensive
than AIM7, but they are catching up.
This patch changes the way anon_vmas and VMAs are linked, which allows us
to associate multiple anon_vmas with a VMA. At fork time, each child
process gets its own anon_vmas, in which its COWed pages will be
instantiated. The parents' anon_vma is also linked to the VMA, because
non-COWed pages could be present in any of the children.
This reduces rmap scanning complexity to O(1) for the pages of the 1000
child processes, with O(N) complexity for at most 1/N pages in the system.
This reduces the average scanning cost in heavily forking workloads from
O(N) to 2.
The only real complexity in this patch stems from the fact that linking a
VMA to anon_vmas now involves memory allocations. This means vma_adjust
can fail, if it needs to attach a VMA to anon_vma structures. This in
turn means error handling needs to be added to the calling functions.
A second source of complexity is that, because there can be multiple
anon_vmas, the anon_vma linking in vma_adjust can no longer be done under
"the" anon_vma lock. To prevent the rmap code from walking up an
incomplete VMA, this patch introduces the VM_LOCK_RMAP VMA flag. This bit
flag uses the same slot as the NOMMU VM_MAPPED_COPY, with an ifdef in mm.h
to make sure it is impossible to compile a kernel that needs both symbolic
values for the same bitflag.
Some test results:
Without the anon_vma changes, when AIM7 hits around 9.7k users (on a test
box with 16GB RAM and not quite enough IO), the system ends up running
>99% in system time, with every CPU on the same anon_vma lock in the
pageout code.
With these changes, AIM7 hits the cross-over point around 29.7k users.
This happens with ~99% IO wait time, there never seems to be any spike in
system time. The anon_vma lock contention appears to be resolved.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-03-05 14:42:07 -07:00
|
|
|
struct list_head anon_vma_chain; /* Serialized by mmap_sem &
|
|
|
|
* page_table_lock */
|
2007-10-16 02:24:43 -06:00
|
|
|
struct anon_vma *anon_vma; /* Serialized by page_table_lock */
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Function pointers to deal with this struct. */
|
2009-09-27 12:29:37 -06:00
|
|
|
const struct vm_operations_struct *vm_ops;
|
2007-10-16 02:24:43 -06:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Information about our backing store: */
|
|
|
|
unsigned long vm_pgoff; /* Offset (within vm_file) in PAGE_SIZE
|
|
|
|
units, *not* PAGE_CACHE_SIZE */
|
|
|
|
struct file * vm_file; /* File we map to (can be NULL). */
|
|
|
|
void * vm_private_data; /* was vm_pte (shared mem) */
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
|
2009-01-08 05:04:47 -07:00
|
|
|
struct vm_region *vm_region; /* NOMMU mapping region */
|
2007-10-16 02:24:43 -06:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
|
|
|
|
struct mempolicy *vm_policy; /* NUMA policy for the VMA */
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
2008-07-25 02:47:44 -06:00
|
|
|
struct core_thread {
|
|
|
|
struct task_struct *task;
|
|
|
|
struct core_thread *next;
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
2008-07-25 02:47:41 -06:00
|
|
|
struct core_state {
|
2008-07-25 02:47:42 -06:00
|
|
|
atomic_t nr_threads;
|
2008-07-25 02:47:44 -06:00
|
|
|
struct core_thread dumper;
|
2008-07-25 02:47:41 -06:00
|
|
|
struct completion startup;
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
2010-03-05 14:41:39 -07:00
|
|
|
enum {
|
|
|
|
MM_FILEPAGES,
|
|
|
|
MM_ANONPAGES,
|
2010-03-05 14:41:42 -07:00
|
|
|
MM_SWAPENTS,
|
2010-03-05 14:41:39 -07:00
|
|
|
NR_MM_COUNTERS
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
2013-11-14 15:30:45 -07:00
|
|
|
#if USE_SPLIT_PTE_PTLOCKS && defined(CONFIG_MMU)
|
2010-03-05 14:41:40 -07:00
|
|
|
#define SPLIT_RSS_COUNTING
|
|
|
|
/* per-thread cached information, */
|
|
|
|
struct task_rss_stat {
|
|
|
|
int events; /* for synchronization threshold */
|
|
|
|
int count[NR_MM_COUNTERS];
|
|
|
|
};
|
2013-11-14 15:30:45 -07:00
|
|
|
#endif /* USE_SPLIT_PTE_PTLOCKS */
|
2011-05-24 18:12:36 -06:00
|
|
|
|
2010-03-05 14:41:39 -07:00
|
|
|
struct mm_rss_stat {
|
2011-05-24 18:12:36 -06:00
|
|
|
atomic_long_t count[NR_MM_COUNTERS];
|
2010-03-05 14:41:39 -07:00
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
aio: convert the ioctx list to table lookup v3
On Wed, Jun 12, 2013 at 11:14:40AM -0700, Kent Overstreet wrote:
> On Mon, Apr 15, 2013 at 02:40:55PM +0300, Octavian Purdila wrote:
> > When using a large number of threads performing AIO operations the
> > IOCTX list may get a significant number of entries which will cause
> > significant overhead. For example, when running this fio script:
> >
> > rw=randrw; size=256k ;directory=/mnt/fio; ioengine=libaio; iodepth=1
> > blocksize=1024; numjobs=512; thread; loops=100
> >
> > on an EXT2 filesystem mounted on top of a ramdisk we can observe up to
> > 30% CPU time spent by lookup_ioctx:
> >
> > 32.51% [guest.kernel] [g] lookup_ioctx
> > 9.19% [guest.kernel] [g] __lock_acquire.isra.28
> > 4.40% [guest.kernel] [g] lock_release
> > 4.19% [guest.kernel] [g] sched_clock_local
> > 3.86% [guest.kernel] [g] local_clock
> > 3.68% [guest.kernel] [g] native_sched_clock
> > 3.08% [guest.kernel] [g] sched_clock_cpu
> > 2.64% [guest.kernel] [g] lock_release_holdtime.part.11
> > 2.60% [guest.kernel] [g] memcpy
> > 2.33% [guest.kernel] [g] lock_acquired
> > 2.25% [guest.kernel] [g] lock_acquire
> > 1.84% [guest.kernel] [g] do_io_submit
> >
> > This patchs converts the ioctx list to a radix tree. For a performance
> > comparison the above FIO script was run on a 2 sockets 8 core
> > machine. This are the results (average and %rsd of 10 runs) for the
> > original list based implementation and for the radix tree based
> > implementation:
> >
> > cores 1 2 4 8 16 32
> > list 109376 ms 69119 ms 35682 ms 22671 ms 19724 ms 16408 ms
> > %rsd 0.69% 1.15% 1.17% 1.21% 1.71% 1.43%
> > radix 73651 ms 41748 ms 23028 ms 16766 ms 15232 ms 13787 ms
> > %rsd 1.19% 0.98% 0.69% 1.13% 0.72% 0.75%
> > % of radix
> > relative 66.12% 65.59% 66.63% 72.31% 77.26% 83.66%
> > to list
> >
> > To consider the impact of the patch on the typical case of having
> > only one ctx per process the following FIO script was run:
> >
> > rw=randrw; size=100m ;directory=/mnt/fio; ioengine=libaio; iodepth=1
> > blocksize=1024; numjobs=1; thread; loops=100
> >
> > on the same system and the results are the following:
> >
> > list 58892 ms
> > %rsd 0.91%
> > radix 59404 ms
> > %rsd 0.81%
> > % of radix
> > relative 100.87%
> > to list
>
> So, I was just doing some benchmarking/profiling to get ready to send
> out the aio patches I've got for 3.11 - and it looks like your patch is
> causing a ~1.5% throughput regression in my testing :/
... <snip>
I've got an alternate approach for fixing this wart in lookup_ioctx()...
Instead of using an rbtree, just use the reserved id in the ring buffer
header to index an array pointing the ioctx. It's not finished yet, and
it needs to be tidied up, but is most of the way there.
-ben
--
"Thought is the essence of where you are now."
--
kmo> And, a rework of Ben's code, but this was entirely his idea
kmo> -Kent
bcrl> And fix the code to use the right mm_struct in kill_ioctx(), actually
free memory.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin LaHaise <bcrl@kvack.org>
2013-07-30 10:54:40 -06:00
|
|
|
struct kioctx_table;
|
2007-10-16 02:24:43 -06:00
|
|
|
struct mm_struct {
|
|
|
|
struct vm_area_struct * mmap; /* list of VMAs */
|
|
|
|
struct rb_root mm_rb;
|
|
|
|
struct vm_area_struct * mmap_cache; /* last find_vma result */
|
2010-01-15 18:01:35 -07:00
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
|
2007-10-16 02:24:43 -06:00
|
|
|
unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area) (struct file *filp,
|
|
|
|
unsigned long addr, unsigned long len,
|
|
|
|
unsigned long pgoff, unsigned long flags);
|
2010-01-15 18:01:35 -07:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
2007-10-16 02:24:43 -06:00
|
|
|
unsigned long mmap_base; /* base of mmap area */
|
2013-08-21 11:55:59 -06:00
|
|
|
unsigned long mmap_legacy_base; /* base of mmap area in bottom-up allocations */
|
2007-10-16 02:24:43 -06:00
|
|
|
unsigned long task_size; /* size of task vm space */
|
2012-12-11 17:01:38 -07:00
|
|
|
unsigned long highest_vm_end; /* highest vma end address */
|
2007-10-16 02:24:43 -06:00
|
|
|
pgd_t * pgd;
|
|
|
|
atomic_t mm_users; /* How many users with user space? */
|
|
|
|
atomic_t mm_count; /* How many references to "struct mm_struct" (users count as 1) */
|
2013-11-14 15:30:48 -07:00
|
|
|
atomic_long_t nr_ptes; /* Page table pages */
|
2007-10-16 02:24:43 -06:00
|
|
|
int map_count; /* number of VMAs */
|
2011-03-22 17:32:50 -06:00
|
|
|
|
2007-10-16 02:24:43 -06:00
|
|
|
spinlock_t page_table_lock; /* Protects page tables and some counters */
|
2011-03-22 17:32:50 -06:00
|
|
|
struct rw_semaphore mmap_sem;
|
2007-10-16 02:24:43 -06:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
struct list_head mmlist; /* List of maybe swapped mm's. These are globally strung
|
|
|
|
* together off init_mm.mmlist, and are protected
|
|
|
|
* by mmlist_lock
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long hiwater_rss; /* High-watermark of RSS usage */
|
|
|
|
unsigned long hiwater_vm; /* High-water virtual memory usage */
|
|
|
|
|
2011-10-31 18:07:34 -06:00
|
|
|
unsigned long total_vm; /* Total pages mapped */
|
|
|
|
unsigned long locked_vm; /* Pages that have PG_mlocked set */
|
|
|
|
unsigned long pinned_vm; /* Refcount permanently increased */
|
|
|
|
unsigned long shared_vm; /* Shared pages (files) */
|
|
|
|
unsigned long exec_vm; /* VM_EXEC & ~VM_WRITE */
|
|
|
|
unsigned long stack_vm; /* VM_GROWSUP/DOWN */
|
|
|
|
unsigned long def_flags;
|
2007-10-16 02:24:43 -06:00
|
|
|
unsigned long start_code, end_code, start_data, end_data;
|
|
|
|
unsigned long start_brk, brk, start_stack;
|
|
|
|
unsigned long arg_start, arg_end, env_start, env_end;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long saved_auxv[AT_VECTOR_SIZE]; /* for /proc/PID/auxv */
|
|
|
|
|
2010-03-05 14:41:39 -07:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Special counters, in some configurations protected by the
|
|
|
|
* page_table_lock, in other configurations by being atomic.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
struct mm_rss_stat rss_stat;
|
|
|
|
|
2009-09-23 16:57:41 -06:00
|
|
|
struct linux_binfmt *binfmt;
|
|
|
|
|
2011-05-29 12:32:28 -06:00
|
|
|
cpumask_var_t cpu_vm_mask_var;
|
|
|
|
|
2007-10-16 02:24:43 -06:00
|
|
|
/* Architecture-specific MM context */
|
|
|
|
mm_context_t context;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unsigned long flags; /* Must use atomic bitops to access the bits */
|
|
|
|
|
2008-07-25 02:47:46 -06:00
|
|
|
struct core_state *core_state; /* coredumping support */
|
2009-09-23 16:57:32 -06:00
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_AIO
|
aio: convert the ioctx list to table lookup v3
On Wed, Jun 12, 2013 at 11:14:40AM -0700, Kent Overstreet wrote:
> On Mon, Apr 15, 2013 at 02:40:55PM +0300, Octavian Purdila wrote:
> > When using a large number of threads performing AIO operations the
> > IOCTX list may get a significant number of entries which will cause
> > significant overhead. For example, when running this fio script:
> >
> > rw=randrw; size=256k ;directory=/mnt/fio; ioengine=libaio; iodepth=1
> > blocksize=1024; numjobs=512; thread; loops=100
> >
> > on an EXT2 filesystem mounted on top of a ramdisk we can observe up to
> > 30% CPU time spent by lookup_ioctx:
> >
> > 32.51% [guest.kernel] [g] lookup_ioctx
> > 9.19% [guest.kernel] [g] __lock_acquire.isra.28
> > 4.40% [guest.kernel] [g] lock_release
> > 4.19% [guest.kernel] [g] sched_clock_local
> > 3.86% [guest.kernel] [g] local_clock
> > 3.68% [guest.kernel] [g] native_sched_clock
> > 3.08% [guest.kernel] [g] sched_clock_cpu
> > 2.64% [guest.kernel] [g] lock_release_holdtime.part.11
> > 2.60% [guest.kernel] [g] memcpy
> > 2.33% [guest.kernel] [g] lock_acquired
> > 2.25% [guest.kernel] [g] lock_acquire
> > 1.84% [guest.kernel] [g] do_io_submit
> >
> > This patchs converts the ioctx list to a radix tree. For a performance
> > comparison the above FIO script was run on a 2 sockets 8 core
> > machine. This are the results (average and %rsd of 10 runs) for the
> > original list based implementation and for the radix tree based
> > implementation:
> >
> > cores 1 2 4 8 16 32
> > list 109376 ms 69119 ms 35682 ms 22671 ms 19724 ms 16408 ms
> > %rsd 0.69% 1.15% 1.17% 1.21% 1.71% 1.43%
> > radix 73651 ms 41748 ms 23028 ms 16766 ms 15232 ms 13787 ms
> > %rsd 1.19% 0.98% 0.69% 1.13% 0.72% 0.75%
> > % of radix
> > relative 66.12% 65.59% 66.63% 72.31% 77.26% 83.66%
> > to list
> >
> > To consider the impact of the patch on the typical case of having
> > only one ctx per process the following FIO script was run:
> >
> > rw=randrw; size=100m ;directory=/mnt/fio; ioengine=libaio; iodepth=1
> > blocksize=1024; numjobs=1; thread; loops=100
> >
> > on the same system and the results are the following:
> >
> > list 58892 ms
> > %rsd 0.91%
> > radix 59404 ms
> > %rsd 0.81%
> > % of radix
> > relative 100.87%
> > to list
>
> So, I was just doing some benchmarking/profiling to get ready to send
> out the aio patches I've got for 3.11 - and it looks like your patch is
> causing a ~1.5% throughput regression in my testing :/
... <snip>
I've got an alternate approach for fixing this wart in lookup_ioctx()...
Instead of using an rbtree, just use the reserved id in the ring buffer
header to index an array pointing the ioctx. It's not finished yet, and
it needs to be tidied up, but is most of the way there.
-ben
--
"Thought is the essence of where you are now."
--
kmo> And, a rework of Ben's code, but this was entirely his idea
kmo> -Kent
bcrl> And fix the code to use the right mm_struct in kill_ioctx(), actually
free memory.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin LaHaise <bcrl@kvack.org>
2013-07-30 10:54:40 -06:00
|
|
|
spinlock_t ioctx_lock;
|
|
|
|
struct kioctx_table __rcu *ioctx_table;
|
2009-09-23 16:57:32 -06:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
cgroups: add an owner to the mm_struct
Remove the mem_cgroup member from mm_struct and instead adds an owner.
This approach was suggested by Paul Menage. The advantage of this approach
is that, once the mm->owner is known, using the subsystem id, the cgroup
can be determined. It also allows several control groups that are
virtually grouped by mm_struct, to exist independent of the memory
controller i.e., without adding mem_cgroup's for each controller, to
mm_struct.
A new config option CONFIG_MM_OWNER is added and the memory resource
controller selects this config option.
This patch also adds cgroup callbacks to notify subsystems when mm->owner
changes. The mm_cgroup_changed callback is called with the task_lock() of
the new task held and is called just prior to changing the mm->owner.
I am indebted to Paul Menage for the several reviews of this patchset and
helping me make it lighter and simpler.
This patch was tested on a powerpc box, it was compiled with both the
MM_OWNER config turned on and off.
After the thread group leader exits, it's moved to init_css_state by
cgroup_exit(), thus all future charges from runnings threads would be
redirected to the init_css_set's subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Sudhir Kumar <skumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: YAMAMOTO Takashi <yamamoto@valinux.co.jp>
Cc: Hirokazu Takahashi <taka@valinux.co.jp>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>,
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Reviewed-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-29 02:00:16 -06:00
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_MM_OWNER
|
2008-05-12 15:02:31 -06:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* "owner" points to a task that is regarded as the canonical
|
|
|
|
* user/owner of this mm. All of the following must be true in
|
|
|
|
* order for it to be changed:
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
* current == mm->owner
|
|
|
|
* current->mm != mm
|
|
|
|
* new_owner->mm == mm
|
|
|
|
* new_owner->alloc_lock is held
|
|
|
|
*/
|
2010-02-24 12:01:56 -07:00
|
|
|
struct task_struct __rcu *owner;
|
2008-02-07 01:13:51 -07:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
2008-04-29 02:01:36 -06:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* store ref to file /proc/<pid>/exe symlink points to */
|
|
|
|
struct file *exe_file;
|
mmu-notifiers: core
With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages.
There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too.
sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in
mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no
actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU
secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss
event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by
the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will
walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently
to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way
zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte
(and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and
reused.
Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that
means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte
because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap
event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released
(so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe
logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the
spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in
the secondary MMU).
The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know
when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so
that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed,
avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest
physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the
mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in
zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for
each fixed number of spte unmapped.
To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection
downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be
invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call
get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it
called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated
spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a
readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls
get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example.
This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the
primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an
full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer
with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of
schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no
need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating
primary-mmu pte).
At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests
reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows
several other optimizations that simplify life considerably.
Dependencies:
1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM
isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep
track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end
critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and
decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map
any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of
range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical
section could later immediately be freed without any further
->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on
ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing
the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the
mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap
locks must be taken too.
2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly
run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if
CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of
mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module
against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from
kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to
continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they
submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can
also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n).
This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM
are all =n.
The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be
interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster
is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here
an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers.
Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and
-ENOMEM failure paths exists already.
struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void)
{
struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL);
+ int err;
if (!kvm)
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages);
+ kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops;
+ err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm);
+ if (err) {
+ kfree(kvm);
+ return ERR_PTR(err);
+ }
+
return kvm;
}
mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable.
The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent
kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need
them by luck).
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build]
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com>
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com>
Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com>
Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com>
Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com>
Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-28 16:46:29 -06:00
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER
|
|
|
|
struct mmu_notifier_mm *mmu_notifier_mm;
|
2011-01-13 16:46:45 -07:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
2013-11-14 15:31:07 -07:00
|
|
|
#if defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) && !USE_SPLIT_PMD_PTLOCKS
|
2011-01-13 16:46:45 -07:00
|
|
|
pgtable_t pmd_huge_pte; /* protected by page_table_lock */
|
mmu-notifiers: core
With KVM/GFP/XPMEM there isn't just the primary CPU MMU pointing to pages.
There are secondary MMUs (with secondary sptes and secondary tlbs) too.
sptes in the kvm case are shadow pagetables, but when I say spte in
mmu-notifier context, I mean "secondary pte". In GRU case there's no
actual secondary pte and there's only a secondary tlb because the GRU
secondary MMU has no knowledge about sptes and every secondary tlb miss
event in the MMU always generates a page fault that has to be resolved by
the CPU (this is not the case of KVM where the a secondary tlb miss will
walk sptes in hardware and it will refill the secondary tlb transparently
to software if the corresponding spte is present). The same way
zap_page_range has to invalidate the pte before freeing the page, the spte
(and secondary tlb) must also be invalidated before any page is freed and
reused.
Currently we take a page_count pin on every page mapped by sptes, but that
means the pages can't be swapped whenever they're mapped by any spte
because they're part of the guest working set. Furthermore a spte unmap
event can immediately lead to a page to be freed when the pin is released
(so requiring the same complex and relatively slow tlb_gather smp safe
logic we have in zap_page_range and that can be avoided completely if the
spte unmap event doesn't require an unpin of the page previously mapped in
the secondary MMU).
The mmu notifiers allow kvm/GRU/XPMEM to attach to the tsk->mm and know
when the VM is swapping or freeing or doing anything on the primary MMU so
that the secondary MMU code can drop sptes before the pages are freed,
avoiding all page pinning and allowing 100% reliable swapping of guest
physical address space. Furthermore it avoids the code that teardown the
mappings of the secondary MMU, to implement a logic like tlb_gather in
zap_page_range that would require many IPI to flush other cpu tlbs, for
each fixed number of spte unmapped.
To make an example: if what happens on the primary MMU is a protection
downgrade (from writeable to wrprotect) the secondary MMU mappings will be
invalidated, and the next secondary-mmu-page-fault will call
get_user_pages and trigger a do_wp_page through get_user_pages if it
called get_user_pages with write=1, and it'll re-establishing an updated
spte or secondary-tlb-mapping on the copied page. Or it will setup a
readonly spte or readonly tlb mapping if it's a guest-read, if it calls
get_user_pages with write=0. This is just an example.
This allows to map any page pointed by any pte (and in turn visible in the
primary CPU MMU), into a secondary MMU (be it a pure tlb like GRU, or an
full MMU with both sptes and secondary-tlb like the shadow-pagetable layer
with kvm), or a remote DMA in software like XPMEM (hence needing of
schedule in XPMEM code to send the invalidate to the remote node, while no
need to schedule in kvm/gru as it's an immediate event like invalidating
primary-mmu pte).
At least for KVM without this patch it's impossible to swap guests
reliably. And having this feature and removing the page pin allows
several other optimizations that simplify life considerably.
Dependencies:
1) mm_take_all_locks() to register the mmu notifier when the whole VM
isn't doing anything with "mm". This allows mmu notifier users to keep
track if the VM is in the middle of the invalidate_range_begin/end
critical section with an atomic counter incraese in range_begin and
decreased in range_end. No secondary MMU page fault is allowed to map
any spte or secondary tlb reference, while the VM is in the middle of
range_begin/end as any page returned by get_user_pages in that critical
section could later immediately be freed without any further
->invalidate_page notification (invalidate_range_begin/end works on
ranges and ->invalidate_page isn't called immediately before freeing
the page). To stop all page freeing and pagetable overwrites the
mmap_sem must be taken in write mode and all other anon_vma/i_mmap
locks must be taken too.
2) It'd be a waste to add branches in the VM if nobody could possibly
run KVM/GRU/XPMEM on the kernel, so mmu notifiers will only enabled if
CONFIG_KVM=m/y. In the current kernel kvm won't yet take advantage of
mmu notifiers, but this already allows to compile a KVM external module
against a kernel with mmu notifiers enabled and from the next pull from
kvm.git we'll start using them. And GRU/XPMEM will also be able to
continue the development by enabling KVM=m in their config, until they
submit all GRU/XPMEM GPLv2 code to the mainline kernel. Then they can
also enable MMU_NOTIFIERS in the same way KVM does it (even if KVM=n).
This guarantees nobody selects MMU_NOTIFIER=y if KVM and GRU and XPMEM
are all =n.
The mmu_notifier_register call can fail because mm_take_all_locks may be
interrupted by a signal and return -EINTR. Because mmu_notifier_reigster
is used when a driver startup, a failure can be gracefully handled. Here
an example of the change applied to kvm to register the mmu notifiers.
Usually when a driver startups other allocations are required anyway and
-ENOMEM failure paths exists already.
struct kvm *kvm_arch_create_vm(void)
{
struct kvm *kvm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct kvm), GFP_KERNEL);
+ int err;
if (!kvm)
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->arch.active_mmu_pages);
+ kvm->arch.mmu_notifier.ops = &kvm_mmu_notifier_ops;
+ err = mmu_notifier_register(&kvm->arch.mmu_notifier, current->mm);
+ if (err) {
+ kfree(kvm);
+ return ERR_PTR(err);
+ }
+
return kvm;
}
mmu_notifier_unregister returns void and it's reliable.
The patch also adds a few needed but missing includes that would prevent
kernel to compile after these changes on non-x86 archs (x86 didn't need
them by luck).
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/filemap_xip.c build]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/mmu_notifier.c build]
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com>
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com>
Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com>
Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com>
Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com>
Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-28 16:46:29 -06:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
2011-05-29 12:32:28 -06:00
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_CPUMASK_OFFSTACK
|
|
|
|
struct cpumask cpumask_allocation;
|
2012-10-25 06:16:43 -06:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING
|
|
|
|
/*
|
2013-02-22 17:34:25 -07:00
|
|
|
* numa_next_scan is the next time that the PTEs will be marked
|
|
|
|
* pte_numa. NUMA hinting faults will gather statistics and migrate
|
|
|
|
* pages to new nodes if necessary.
|
2012-10-25 06:16:43 -06:00
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
unsigned long numa_next_scan;
|
|
|
|
|
mm: sched: numa: Implement constant, per task Working Set Sampling (WSS) rate
Previously, to probe the working set of a task, we'd use
a very simple and crude method: mark all of its address
space PROT_NONE.
That method has various (obvious) disadvantages:
- it samples the working set at dissimilar rates,
giving some tasks a sampling quality advantage
over others.
- creates performance problems for tasks with very
large working sets
- over-samples processes with large address spaces but
which only very rarely execute
Improve that method by keeping a rotating offset into the
address space that marks the current position of the scan,
and advance it by a constant rate (in a CPU cycles execution
proportional manner). If the offset reaches the last mapped
address of the mm then it then it starts over at the first
address.
The per-task nature of the working set sampling functionality in this tree
allows such constant rate, per task, execution-weight proportional sampling
of the working set, with an adaptive sampling interval/frequency that
goes from once per 100ms up to just once per 8 seconds. The current
sampling volume is 256 MB per interval.
As tasks mature and converge their working set, so does the
sampling rate slow down to just a trickle, 256 MB per 8
seconds of CPU time executed.
This, beyond being adaptive, also rate-limits rarely
executing systems and does not over-sample on overloaded
systems.
[ In AutoNUMA speak, this patch deals with the effective sampling
rate of the 'hinting page fault'. AutoNUMA's scanning is
currently rate-limited, but it is also fundamentally
single-threaded, executing in the knuma_scand kernel thread,
so the limit in AutoNUMA is global and does not scale up with
the number of CPUs, nor does it scan tasks in an execution
proportional manner.
So the idea of rate-limiting the scanning was first implemented
in the AutoNUMA tree via a global rate limit. This patch goes
beyond that by implementing an execution rate proportional
working set sampling rate that is not implemented via a single
global scanning daemon. ]
[ Dan Carpenter pointed out a possible NULL pointer dereference in the
first version of this patch. ]
Based-on-idea-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Bug-Found-By: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
[ Wrote changelog and fixed bug. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
2012-10-25 06:16:45 -06:00
|
|
|
/* Restart point for scanning and setting pte_numa */
|
|
|
|
unsigned long numa_scan_offset;
|
|
|
|
|
2012-10-25 06:16:43 -06:00
|
|
|
/* numa_scan_seq prevents two threads setting pte_numa */
|
|
|
|
int numa_scan_seq;
|
mm: fix TLB flush race between migration, and change_protection_range
There are a few subtle races, between change_protection_range (used by
mprotect and change_prot_numa) on one side, and NUMA page migration and
compaction on the other side.
The basic race is that there is a time window between when the PTE gets
made non-present (PROT_NONE or NUMA), and the TLB is flushed.
During that time, a CPU may continue writing to the page.
This is fine most of the time, however compaction or the NUMA migration
code may come in, and migrate the page away.
When that happens, the CPU may continue writing, through the cached
translation, to what is no longer the current memory location of the
process.
This only affects x86, which has a somewhat optimistic pte_accessible.
All other architectures appear to be safe, and will either always flush,
or flush whenever there is a valid mapping, even with no permissions
(SPARC).
The basic race looks like this:
CPU A CPU B CPU C
load TLB entry
make entry PTE/PMD_NUMA
fault on entry
read/write old page
start migrating page
change PTE/PMD to new page
read/write old page [*]
flush TLB
reload TLB from new entry
read/write new page
lose data
[*] the old page may belong to a new user at this point!
The obvious fix is to flush remote TLB entries, by making sure that
pte_accessible aware of the fact that PROT_NONE and PROT_NUMA memory may
still be accessible if there is a TLB flush pending for the mm.
This should fix both NUMA migration and compaction.
[mgorman@suse.de: fix build]
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-12-18 18:08:44 -07:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
#if defined(CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING) || defined(CONFIG_COMPACTION)
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* An operation with batched TLB flushing is going on. Anything that
|
|
|
|
* can move process memory needs to flush the TLB when moving a
|
|
|
|
* PROT_NONE or PROT_NUMA mapped page.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
bool tlb_flush_pending;
|
2011-05-29 12:32:28 -06:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
2012-03-30 12:26:31 -06:00
|
|
|
struct uprobes_state uprobes_state;
|
2007-10-16 02:24:43 -06:00
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
2011-05-29 12:32:28 -06:00
|
|
|
static inline void mm_init_cpumask(struct mm_struct *mm)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_CPUMASK_OFFSTACK
|
|
|
|
mm->cpu_vm_mask_var = &mm->cpumask_allocation;
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2009-03-12 14:35:44 -06:00
|
|
|
/* Future-safe accessor for struct mm_struct's cpu_vm_mask. */
|
2011-05-24 18:12:15 -06:00
|
|
|
static inline cpumask_t *mm_cpumask(struct mm_struct *mm)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
return mm->cpu_vm_mask_var;
|
|
|
|
}
|
2009-03-12 14:35:44 -06:00
|
|
|
|
mm: fix TLB flush race between migration, and change_protection_range
There are a few subtle races, between change_protection_range (used by
mprotect and change_prot_numa) on one side, and NUMA page migration and
compaction on the other side.
The basic race is that there is a time window between when the PTE gets
made non-present (PROT_NONE or NUMA), and the TLB is flushed.
During that time, a CPU may continue writing to the page.
This is fine most of the time, however compaction or the NUMA migration
code may come in, and migrate the page away.
When that happens, the CPU may continue writing, through the cached
translation, to what is no longer the current memory location of the
process.
This only affects x86, which has a somewhat optimistic pte_accessible.
All other architectures appear to be safe, and will either always flush,
or flush whenever there is a valid mapping, even with no permissions
(SPARC).
The basic race looks like this:
CPU A CPU B CPU C
load TLB entry
make entry PTE/PMD_NUMA
fault on entry
read/write old page
start migrating page
change PTE/PMD to new page
read/write old page [*]
flush TLB
reload TLB from new entry
read/write new page
lose data
[*] the old page may belong to a new user at this point!
The obvious fix is to flush remote TLB entries, by making sure that
pte_accessible aware of the fact that PROT_NONE and PROT_NUMA memory may
still be accessible if there is a TLB flush pending for the mm.
This should fix both NUMA migration and compaction.
[mgorman@suse.de: fix build]
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-12-18 18:08:44 -07:00
|
|
|
#if defined(CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING) || defined(CONFIG_COMPACTION)
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Memory barriers to keep this state in sync are graciously provided by
|
|
|
|
* the page table locks, outside of which no page table modifications happen.
|
|
|
|
* The barriers below prevent the compiler from re-ordering the instructions
|
|
|
|
* around the memory barriers that are already present in the code.
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
static inline bool mm_tlb_flush_pending(struct mm_struct *mm)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
barrier();
|
|
|
|
return mm->tlb_flush_pending;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static inline void set_tlb_flush_pending(struct mm_struct *mm)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
mm->tlb_flush_pending = true;
|
2013-12-18 18:08:45 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
* Guarantee that the tlb_flush_pending store does not leak into the
|
|
|
|
* critical section updating the page tables
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
smp_mb__before_spinlock();
|
mm: fix TLB flush race between migration, and change_protection_range
There are a few subtle races, between change_protection_range (used by
mprotect and change_prot_numa) on one side, and NUMA page migration and
compaction on the other side.
The basic race is that there is a time window between when the PTE gets
made non-present (PROT_NONE or NUMA), and the TLB is flushed.
During that time, a CPU may continue writing to the page.
This is fine most of the time, however compaction or the NUMA migration
code may come in, and migrate the page away.
When that happens, the CPU may continue writing, through the cached
translation, to what is no longer the current memory location of the
process.
This only affects x86, which has a somewhat optimistic pte_accessible.
All other architectures appear to be safe, and will either always flush,
or flush whenever there is a valid mapping, even with no permissions
(SPARC).
The basic race looks like this:
CPU A CPU B CPU C
load TLB entry
make entry PTE/PMD_NUMA
fault on entry
read/write old page
start migrating page
change PTE/PMD to new page
read/write old page [*]
flush TLB
reload TLB from new entry
read/write new page
lose data
[*] the old page may belong to a new user at this point!
The obvious fix is to flush remote TLB entries, by making sure that
pte_accessible aware of the fact that PROT_NONE and PROT_NUMA memory may
still be accessible if there is a TLB flush pending for the mm.
This should fix both NUMA migration and compaction.
[mgorman@suse.de: fix build]
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-12-18 18:08:44 -07:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* Clearing is done after a TLB flush, which also provides a barrier. */
|
|
|
|
static inline void clear_tlb_flush_pending(struct mm_struct *mm)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
barrier();
|
|
|
|
mm->tlb_flush_pending = false;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#else
|
|
|
|
static inline bool mm_tlb_flush_pending(struct mm_struct *mm)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static inline void set_tlb_flush_pending(struct mm_struct *mm)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static inline void clear_tlb_flush_pending(struct mm_struct *mm)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
2006-09-27 02:50:01 -06:00
|
|
|
#endif /* _LINUX_MM_TYPES_H */
|