License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 08:07:57 -06:00
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/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
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2005-04-16 16:20:36 -06:00
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#ifndef _LINUX_BYTEORDER_GENERIC_H
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#define _LINUX_BYTEORDER_GENERIC_H
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/*
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2014-08-06 17:08:47 -06:00
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* linux/byteorder/generic.h
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2005-04-16 16:20:36 -06:00
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* Generic Byte-reordering support
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*
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2005-09-19 20:57:36 -06:00
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* The "... p" macros, like le64_to_cpup, can be used with pointers
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* to unaligned data, but there will be a performance penalty on
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* some architectures. Use get_unaligned for unaligned data.
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*
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2005-04-16 16:20:36 -06:00
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* Francois-Rene Rideau <fare@tunes.org> 19970707
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* gathered all the good ideas from all asm-foo/byteorder.h into one file,
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* cleaned them up.
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* I hope it is compliant with non-GCC compilers.
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* I decided to put __BYTEORDER_HAS_U64__ in byteorder.h,
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* because I wasn't sure it would be ok to put it in types.h
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* Upgraded it to 2.1.43
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* Francois-Rene Rideau <fare@tunes.org> 19971012
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* Upgraded it to 2.1.57
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* to please Linus T., replaced huge #ifdef's between little/big endian
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* by nestedly #include'd files.
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* Francois-Rene Rideau <fare@tunes.org> 19971205
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* Made it to 2.1.71; now a facelift:
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* Put files under include/linux/byteorder/
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* Split swab from generic support.
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*
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* TODO:
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* = Regular kernel maintainers could also replace all these manual
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* byteswap macros that remain, disseminated among drivers,
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* after some grep or the sources...
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* = Linus might want to rename all these macros and files to fit his taste,
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* to fit his personal naming scheme.
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* = it seems that a few drivers would also appreciate
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* nybble swapping support...
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* = every architecture could add their byteswap macro in asm/byteorder.h
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* see how some architectures already do (i386, alpha, ppc, etc)
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* = cpu_to_beXX and beXX_to_cpu might some day need to be well
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* distinguished throughout the kernel. This is not the case currently,
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* since little endian, big endian, and pdp endian machines needn't it.
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* But this might be the case for, say, a port of Linux to 20/21 bit
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* architectures (and F21 Linux addict around?).
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*/
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/*
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* The following macros are to be defined by <asm/byteorder.h>:
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*
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* Conversion of long and short int between network and host format
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* ntohl(__u32 x)
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* ntohs(__u16 x)
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* htonl(__u32 x)
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* htons(__u16 x)
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* It seems that some programs (which? where? or perhaps a standard? POSIX?)
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* might like the above to be functions, not macros (why?).
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* if that's true, then detect them, and take measures.
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* Anyway, the measure is: define only ___ntohl as a macro instead,
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* and in a separate file, have
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* unsigned long inline ntohl(x){return ___ntohl(x);}
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*
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* The same for constant arguments
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* __constant_ntohl(__u32 x)
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* __constant_ntohs(__u16 x)
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* __constant_htonl(__u32 x)
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* __constant_htons(__u16 x)
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*
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* Conversion of XX-bit integers (16- 32- or 64-)
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* between native CPU format and little/big endian format
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* 64-bit stuff only defined for proper architectures
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* cpu_to_[bl]eXX(__uXX x)
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* [bl]eXX_to_cpu(__uXX x)
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*
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* The same, but takes a pointer to the value to convert
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* cpu_to_[bl]eXXp(__uXX x)
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* [bl]eXX_to_cpup(__uXX x)
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*
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* The same, but change in situ
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* cpu_to_[bl]eXXs(__uXX x)
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* [bl]eXX_to_cpus(__uXX x)
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*
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* See asm-foo/byteorder.h for examples of how to provide
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* architecture-optimized versions
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*
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*/
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#define cpu_to_le64 __cpu_to_le64
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#define le64_to_cpu __le64_to_cpu
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#define cpu_to_le32 __cpu_to_le32
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#define le32_to_cpu __le32_to_cpu
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#define cpu_to_le16 __cpu_to_le16
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#define le16_to_cpu __le16_to_cpu
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#define cpu_to_be64 __cpu_to_be64
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#define be64_to_cpu __be64_to_cpu
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#define cpu_to_be32 __cpu_to_be32
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#define be32_to_cpu __be32_to_cpu
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#define cpu_to_be16 __cpu_to_be16
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#define be16_to_cpu __be16_to_cpu
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#define cpu_to_le64p __cpu_to_le64p
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#define le64_to_cpup __le64_to_cpup
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#define cpu_to_le32p __cpu_to_le32p
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#define le32_to_cpup __le32_to_cpup
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#define cpu_to_le16p __cpu_to_le16p
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#define le16_to_cpup __le16_to_cpup
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#define cpu_to_be64p __cpu_to_be64p
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#define be64_to_cpup __be64_to_cpup
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#define cpu_to_be32p __cpu_to_be32p
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#define be32_to_cpup __be32_to_cpup
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#define cpu_to_be16p __cpu_to_be16p
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#define be16_to_cpup __be16_to_cpup
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#define cpu_to_le64s __cpu_to_le64s
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#define le64_to_cpus __le64_to_cpus
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#define cpu_to_le32s __cpu_to_le32s
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#define le32_to_cpus __le32_to_cpus
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#define cpu_to_le16s __cpu_to_le16s
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#define le16_to_cpus __le16_to_cpus
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#define cpu_to_be64s __cpu_to_be64s
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#define be64_to_cpus __be64_to_cpus
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#define cpu_to_be32s __cpu_to_be32s
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#define be32_to_cpus __be32_to_cpus
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#define cpu_to_be16s __cpu_to_be16s
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#define be16_to_cpus __be16_to_cpus
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/*
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* They have to be macros in order to do the constant folding
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* correctly - if the argument passed into a inline function
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* it is no longer constant according to gcc..
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*/
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#undef ntohl
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#undef ntohs
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#undef htonl
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#undef htons
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#define ___htonl(x) __cpu_to_be32(x)
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#define ___htons(x) __cpu_to_be16(x)
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#define ___ntohl(x) __be32_to_cpu(x)
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#define ___ntohs(x) __be16_to_cpu(x)
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#define htonl(x) ___htonl(x)
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#define ntohl(x) ___ntohl(x)
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#define htons(x) ___htons(x)
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#define ntohs(x) ___ntohs(x)
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2008-02-08 05:20:12 -07:00
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static inline void le16_add_cpu(__le16 *var, u16 val)
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{
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*var = cpu_to_le16(le16_to_cpu(*var) + val);
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}
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static inline void le32_add_cpu(__le32 *var, u32 val)
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{
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*var = cpu_to_le32(le32_to_cpu(*var) + val);
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}
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static inline void le64_add_cpu(__le64 *var, u64 val)
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{
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*var = cpu_to_le64(le64_to_cpu(*var) + val);
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}
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2018-03-21 11:01:40 -06:00
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/* XXX: this stuff can be optimized */
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static inline void le32_to_cpu_array(u32 *buf, unsigned int words)
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{
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while (words--) {
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__le32_to_cpus(buf);
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buf++;
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}
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}
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static inline void cpu_to_le32_array(u32 *buf, unsigned int words)
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{
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while (words--) {
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__cpu_to_le32s(buf);
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buf++;
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}
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}
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2008-02-08 05:20:12 -07:00
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static inline void be16_add_cpu(__be16 *var, u16 val)
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{
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*var = cpu_to_be16(be16_to_cpu(*var) + val);
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}
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static inline void be32_add_cpu(__be32 *var, u32 val)
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{
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*var = cpu_to_be32(be32_to_cpu(*var) + val);
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}
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static inline void be64_add_cpu(__be64 *var, u64 val)
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{
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*var = cpu_to_be64(be64_to_cpu(*var) + val);
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}
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2017-10-02 04:38:28 -06:00
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static inline void cpu_to_be32_array(__be32 *dst, const u32 *src, size_t len)
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{
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int i;
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for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
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dst[i] = cpu_to_be32(src[i]);
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}
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static inline void be32_to_cpu_array(u32 *dst, const __be32 *src, size_t len)
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{
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int i;
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for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
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dst[i] = be32_to_cpu(src[i]);
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}
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2005-04-16 16:20:36 -06:00
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#endif /* _LINUX_BYTEORDER_GENERIC_H */
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