gpio: Documentation update
Update a slew of documentation files with the latest changes in the API/ABI. Again stress that sysfs is deprecated. Add all new flags and clean up and move some text. Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>hifive-unleashed-5.1
Linus Walleij
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@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ GPIO Mappings
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=============
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This document explains how GPIOs can be assigned to given devices and functions.
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Note that it only applies to the new descriptor-based interface. For a
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description of the deprecated integer-based GPIO interface please refer to
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gpio-legacy.txt (actually, there is no real mapping possible with the old
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@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ This property will make GPIOs 15, 16 and 17 available to the driver under the
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power = gpiod_get(dev, "power", GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
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The led GPIOs will be active-high, while the power GPIO will be active-low (i.e.
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The led GPIOs will be active high, while the power GPIO will be active low (i.e.
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gpiod_is_active_low(power) will be true).
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The second parameter of the gpiod_get() functions, the con_id string, has to be
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@ -122,9 +123,14 @@ where
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can be NULL, in which case it will match any function.
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- idx is the index of the GPIO within the function.
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- flags is defined to specify the following properties:
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* GPIOF_ACTIVE_LOW - to configure the GPIO as active-low
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* GPIOF_OPEN_DRAIN - GPIO pin is open drain type.
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* GPIOF_OPEN_SOURCE - GPIO pin is open source type.
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* GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH - GPIO line is active high
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* GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW - GPIO line is active low
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* GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN - GPIO line ise set up as open drain
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* GPIO_OPEN_SOURCE - GPIO line is set up as open source
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* GPIO_PERSISTENT - GPIO line is persistent during
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suspend/resume and maintains its value
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* GPIO_TRANSITORY - GPIO line is transitory and may loose its
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electrical state during suspend/resume
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In the future, these flags might be extended to support more properties.
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@ -66,6 +66,15 @@ for the GPIO. Values can be:
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* GPIOD_IN to initialize the GPIO as input.
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* GPIOD_OUT_LOW to initialize the GPIO as output with a value of 0.
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* GPIOD_OUT_HIGH to initialize the GPIO as output with a value of 1.
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* GPIOD_OUT_LOW_OPEN_DRAIN same as GPIOD_OUT_LOW but also enforce the line
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to be electrically used with open drain.
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* GPIOD_OUT_HIGH_OPEN_DRAIN same as GPIOD_OUT_HIGH but also enforce the line
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to be electrically used with open drain.
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The two last flags are used for use cases where open drain is mandatory, such
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as I2C: if the line is not already configured as open drain in the mappings
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(see board.txt), then open drain will be enforced anyway and a warning will be
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printed that the board configuration needs to be updated to match the use case.
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Both functions return either a valid GPIO descriptor, or an error code checkable
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with IS_ERR() (they will never return a NULL pointer). -ENOENT will be returned
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@ -240,13 +249,58 @@ that can't be accessed from hardIRQ handlers, these calls act the same as the
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spinlock-safe calls.
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Active-low State and Raw GPIO Values
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------------------------------------
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Device drivers like to manage the logical state of a GPIO, i.e. the value their
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device will actually receive, no matter what lies between it and the GPIO line.
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In some cases, it might make sense to control the actual GPIO line value. The
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following set of calls ignore the active-low property of a GPIO and work on the
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raw line value:
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The active low and open drain semantics
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---------------------------------------
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As a consumer should not have to care about the physical line level, all of the
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gpiod_set_value_xxx() or gpiod_set_array_value_xxx() functions operate with
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the *logical* value. With this they take the active low property into account.
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This means that they check whether the GPIO is configured to be active low,
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and if so, they manipulate the passed value before the physical line level is
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driven.
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The same is applicable for open drain or open source output lines: those do not
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actively drive their output high (open drain) or low (open source), they just
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switch their output to a high impedance value. The consumer should not need to
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care. (For details read about open drain in driver.txt.)
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With this, all the gpiod_set_(array)_value_xxx() functions interpret the
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parameter "value" as "asserted" ("1") or "de-asserted" ("0"). The physical line
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level will be driven accordingly.
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As an example, if the active low property for a dedicated GPIO is set, and the
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gpiod_set_(array)_value_xxx() passes "asserted" ("1"), the physical line level
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will be driven low.
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To summarize:
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Function (example) line property physical line
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gpiod_set_raw_value(desc, 0); don't care low
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gpiod_set_raw_value(desc, 1); don't care high
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gpiod_set_value(desc, 0); default (active high) low
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gpiod_set_value(desc, 1); default (active high) high
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gpiod_set_value(desc, 0); active low high
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gpiod_set_value(desc, 1); active low low
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gpiod_set_value(desc, 0); default (active high) low
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gpiod_set_value(desc, 1); default (active high) high
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gpiod_set_value(desc, 0); open drain low
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gpiod_set_value(desc, 1); open drain high impedance
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gpiod_set_value(desc, 0); open source high impedance
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gpiod_set_value(desc, 1); open source high
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It is possible to override these semantics using the *set_raw/'get_raw functions
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but it should be avoided as much as possible, especially by system-agnostic drivers
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which should not need to care about the actual physical line level and worry about
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the logical value instead.
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Accessing raw GPIO values
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-------------------------
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Consumers exist that need to manage the logical state of a GPIO line, i.e. the value
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their device will actually receive, no matter what lies between it and the GPIO
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line.
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The following set of calls ignore the active-low or open drain property of a GPIO and
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work on the raw line value:
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int gpiod_get_raw_value(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
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void gpiod_set_raw_value(struct gpio_desc *desc, int value)
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@ -254,45 +308,12 @@ raw line value:
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void gpiod_set_raw_value_cansleep(struct gpio_desc *desc, int value)
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int gpiod_direction_output_raw(struct gpio_desc *desc, int value)
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The active-low state of a GPIO can also be queried using the following call:
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The active low state of a GPIO can also be queried using the following call:
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int gpiod_is_active_low(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
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Note that these functions should only be used with great moderation ; a driver
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should not have to care about the physical line level.
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The active-low property
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-----------------------
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As a driver should not have to care about the physical line level, all of the
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gpiod_set_value_xxx() or gpiod_set_array_value_xxx() functions operate with
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the *logical* value. With this they take the active-low property into account.
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This means that they check whether the GPIO is configured to be active-low,
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and if so, they manipulate the passed value before the physical line level is
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driven.
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With this, all the gpiod_set_(array)_value_xxx() functions interpret the
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parameter "value" as "active" ("1") or "inactive" ("0"). The physical line
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level will be driven accordingly.
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As an example, if the active-low property for a dedicated GPIO is set, and the
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gpiod_set_(array)_value_xxx() passes "active" ("1"), the physical line level
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will be driven low.
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To summarize:
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Function (example) active-low property physical line
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gpiod_set_raw_value(desc, 0); don't care low
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gpiod_set_raw_value(desc, 1); don't care high
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gpiod_set_value(desc, 0); default (active-high) low
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gpiod_set_value(desc, 1); default (active-high) high
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gpiod_set_value(desc, 0); active-low high
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gpiod_set_value(desc, 1); active-low low
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Please note again that the set_raw/get_raw functions should be avoided as much
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as possible, especially by drivers which should not care about the actual
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physical line level and worry about the logical value instead.
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Note that these functions should only be used with great moderation; a driver
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should not have to care about the physical line level or open drain semantics.
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Access multiple GPIOs with a single function call
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@ -88,6 +88,10 @@ ending up in the pin control back-end "behind" the GPIO controller, usually
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closer to the actual pins. This way the pin controller can manage the below
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listed GPIO configurations.
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If a pin controller back-end is used, the GPIO controller or hardware
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description needs to provide "GPIO ranges" mapping the GPIO line offsets to pin
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numbers on the pin controller so they can properly cross-reference each other.
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GPIOs with debounce support
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---------------------------
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@ -1,6 +1,17 @@
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GPIO Sysfs Interface for Userspace
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==================================
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THIS ABI IS DEPRECATED, THE ABI DOCUMENTATION HAS BEEN MOVED TO
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Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-gpio AND NEW USERSPACE CONSUMERS
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ARE SUPPOSED TO USE THE CHARACTER DEVICE ABI. THIS OLD SYSFS ABI WILL
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NOT BE DEVELOPED (NO NEW FEATURES), IT WILL JUST BE MAINTAINED.
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Refer to the examples in tools/gpio/* for an introduction to the new
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character device ABI. Also see the userspace header in
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include/uapi/linux/gpio.h
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The deprecated sysfs ABI
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------------------------
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Platforms which use the "gpiolib" implementors framework may choose to
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configure a sysfs user interface to GPIOs. This is different from the
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debugfs interface, since it provides control over GPIO direction and
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