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module: Cure the MODULE_LICENSE "GPL" vs. "GPL v2" bogosity 

The original MODULE_LICENSE string for kernel modules licensed under the
GPL v2 (only / or later) was simply "GPL", which was - and still is -
completely sufficient for the purpose of module loading and checking
whether the module is free software or proprietary.

In January 2003 this was changed with commit 3344ea3ad4b7 ("[PATCH]
MODULE_LICENSE and EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL support"). This commit can be found in
the history git repository which holds the 1:1 import of Linus' bitkeeper
repository:

  https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tglx/history.git/commit/?id=3344ea3ad4b7c302c846a680dbaeedf96ed45c02

The main intention of the patch was to refuse linking proprietary modules
against symbols exported with EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL() at module load time.

As a completely undocumented side effect it also introduced the distinction
between "GPL" and "GPL v2" MODULE_LICENSE() strings:

 *      "GPL"                           [GNU Public License v2 or later]
 *      "GPL v2"                        [GNU Public License v2]
 *      "GPL and additional rights"     [GNU Public License v2 rights and more]
 *      "Dual BSD/GPL"                  [GNU Public License v2
 *                                       or BSD license choice]
 *      "Dual MPL/GPL"                  [GNU Public License v2
 *                                       or Mozilla license choice]

This distinction was and still is wrong in several aspects:

 1) It broke all modules which were using the "GPL" string in the
    MODULE_LICENSE() already and were licensed under GPL v2 only.

    A quick license scan over the tree at that time shows that at least 480
    out of 1484 modules have been affected by this change back then. The
    number is probably way higher as this was just a quick check for
    clearly identifiable license information.

    There was exactly ONE instance of a "GPL v2" module license string in
    the kernel back then - drivers/net/tulip/xircom_tulip_cb.c which
    otherwise had no license information at all. There is no indication
    that the change above is any way related to this driver. The change
    happend with the 2.4.11 release which was on Oct. 9 2001 - so quite
    some time before the above commit. Unfortunately there is no trace on
    the intertubes to any discussion of this.

 2) The dual licensed strings became ill defined as well because following
    the "GPL" vs. "GPL v2" distinction all dual licensed (or additional
    rights) MODULE_LICENSE strings would either require those dual licensed
    modules to be licensed under GPL v2 or later or just be unspecified for
    the dual licensing case. Neither choice is coherent with the GPL
    distinction.

Due to the lack of a proper changelog and no real discussion on the patch
submission other than a few implementation details, it's completely unclear
why this distinction was introduced at all. Other than the comment in the
module header file exists no documentation for this at all.

From a license compliance and license scanning POV this distinction is a
total nightmare.

As of 5.0-rc2 2873 out of 9200 instances of MODULE_LICENSE() strings are
conflicting with the actual license in the source code (either SPDX or
license boilerplate/reference). A comparison between the scan of the
history tree and a scan of current Linus tree shows to the extent that the
git rename detection over Linus tree grafted with the history tree is
halfways complete that almost none of the files which got broken in 2003
have been cleaned up vs. the MODULE_LICENSE string. So subtracting those
480 known instances from the conflicting 2800 of today more than 25% of the
module authors got it wrong and it's a high propability that a large
portion of the rest just got it right by chance.

There is no value for the module loader to convey the detailed license
information as the only decision to be made is whether the module is free
software or not.

The "and additional rights", "BSD" and "MPL" strings are not conclusive
license information either. So there is no point in trying to make the GPL
part conclusive and exact. As shown above it's already non conclusive for
dual licensing and incoherent with a large portion of the module source.

As an unintended side effect this distinction causes a major headache for
license compliance, license scanners and the ongoing effort to clean up the
license mess of the kernel.

Therefore remove the well meant, but ill defined, distinction between "GPL"
and "GPL v2" and document that:

  - "GPL" and "GPL v2" both express that the module is licensed under GPLv2
    (without a distinction of 'only' and 'or later') and is therefore kernel
    license compliant.

  - None of the MODULE_LICENSE strings can be used for expressing or
    determining the exact license

  - Their sole purpose is to decide whether the module is free software or
    not.

Add a MODULE_LICENSE subsection to the license rule documentation as well.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Acked-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Acked-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
[jc: Did s/merily/merely/ ]
Acked-by: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
hifive-unleashed-5.1
Thomas Gleixner 2019-02-08 17:02:56 +01:00 committed by Jonathan Corbet
parent de19055564
commit bf7fbeeae6
2 changed files with 79 additions and 1 deletions
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62
Documentation/process/license-rules.rst
View File

@ -372,3 +372,65 @@ in the LICENSE subdirectories. This is required to allow tool
verification (e.g. checkpatch.pl) and to have the licenses ready to read
and extract right from the source, which is recommended by various FOSS
organizations, e.g. the `FSFE REUSE initiative <https://reuse.software/>`_.
_`MODULE_LICENSE`
-----------------
Loadable kernel modules also require a MODULE_LICENSE() tag. This tag is
neither a replacement for proper source code license information
(SPDX-License-Identifier) nor in any way relevant for expressing or
determining the exact license under which the source code of the module
is provided.
The sole purpose of this tag is to provide sufficient information
whether the module is free software or proprietary for the kernel
module loader and for user space tools.
The valid license strings for MODULE_LICENSE() are:
============================= =============================================
"GPL" Module is licensed under GPL version 2. This
does not express any distinction between
GPL-2.0-only or GPL-2.0-or-later. The exact
license information can only be determined
via the license information in the
corresponding source files.
"GPL v2" Same as "GPL". It exists for historic
reasons.
"GPL and additional rights" Historical variant of expressing that the
module source is dual licensed under a
GPL v2 variant and MIT license. Please do
not use in new code.
"Dual MIT/GPL" The correct way of expressing that the
module is dual licensed under a GPL v2
variant or MIT license choice.
"Dual BSD/GPL" The module is dual licensed under a GPL v2
variant or BSD license choice. The exact
variant of the BSD license can only be
determined via the license information
in the corresponding source files.
"Dual MPL/GPL" The module is dual licensed under a GPL v2
variant or Mozilla Public License (MPL)
choice. The exact variant of the MPL
license can only be determined via the
license information in the corresponding
source files.
"Proprietary" The module is under a proprietary license.
This string is solely for proprietary third
party modules and cannot be used for modules
which have their source code in the kernel
tree. Modules tagged that way are tainting
the kernel with the 'P' flag when loaded and
the kernel module loader refuses to link such
modules against symbols which are exported
with EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL().
============================= =============================================

18
include/linux/module.h
View File

@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ extern void cleanup_module(void);
* The following license idents are currently accepted as indicating free
* software modules
*
* "GPL" [GNU Public License v2 or later]
* "GPL" [GNU Public License v2]
* "GPL v2" [GNU Public License v2]
* "GPL and additional rights" [GNU Public License v2 rights and more]
* "Dual BSD/GPL" [GNU Public License v2
@ -186,6 +186,22 @@ extern void cleanup_module(void);
*
* "Proprietary" [Non free products]
*
* Both "GPL v2" and "GPL" (the latter also in dual licensed strings) are
* merely stating that the module is licensed under the GPL v2, but are not
* telling whether "GPL v2 only" or "GPL v2 or later". The reason why there
* are two variants is a historic and failed attempt to convey more
* information in the MODULE_LICENSE string. For module loading the
* "only/or later" distinction is completely irrelevant and does neither
* replace the proper license identifiers in the corresponding source file
* nor amends them in any way. The sole purpose is to make the
* 'Proprietary' flagging work and to refuse to bind symbols which are
* exported with EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL when a non free module is loaded.
*
* In the same way "BSD" is not a clear license information. It merely
* states, that the module is licensed under one of the compatible BSD
* license variants. The detailed and correct license information is again
* to be found in the corresponding source files.
*
* There are dual licensed components, but when running with Linux it is the
* GPL that is relevant so this is a non issue. Similarly LGPL linked with GPL
* is a GPL combined work.