From caaee6234d05a58c5b4d05e7bf766131b810a657 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jann Horn Date: Wed, 20 Jan 2016 15:00:04 -0800 Subject: [PATCH] ptrace: use fsuid, fsgid, effective creds for fs access checks By checking the effective credentials instead of the real UID / permitted capabilities, ensure that the calling process actually intended to use its credentials. To ensure that all ptrace checks use the correct caller credentials (e.g. in case out-of-tree code or newly added code omits the PTRACE_MODE_*CREDS flag), use two new flags and require one of them to be set. The problem was that when a privileged task had temporarily dropped its privileges, e.g. by calling setreuid(0, user_uid), with the intent to perform following syscalls with the credentials of a user, it still passed ptrace access checks that the user would not be able to pass. While an attacker should not be able to convince the privileged task to perform a ptrace() syscall, this is a problem because the ptrace access check is reused for things in procfs. In particular, the following somewhat interesting procfs entries only rely on ptrace access checks: /proc/$pid/stat - uses the check for determining whether pointers should be visible, useful for bypassing ASLR /proc/$pid/maps - also useful for bypassing ASLR /proc/$pid/cwd - useful for gaining access to restricted directories that contain files with lax permissions, e.g. in this scenario: lrwxrwxrwx root root /proc/13020/cwd -> /root/foobar drwx------ root root /root drwxr-xr-x root root /root/foobar -rw-r--r-- root root /root/foobar/secret Therefore, on a system where a root-owned mode 6755 binary changes its effective credentials as described and then dumps a user-specified file, this could be used by an attacker to reveal the memory layout of root's processes or reveal the contents of files he is not allowed to access (through /proc/$pid/cwd). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning] Signed-off-by: Jann Horn Acked-by: Kees Cook Cc: Casey Schaufler Cc: Oleg Nesterov Cc: Ingo Molnar Cc: James Morris Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" Cc: Andy Shevchenko Cc: Andy Lutomirski Cc: Al Viro Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" Cc: Willy Tarreau Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds --- fs/proc/array.c | 2 +- fs/proc/base.c | 21 +++++++++++---------- fs/proc/namespaces.c | 4 ++-- include/linux/ptrace.h | 24 +++++++++++++++++++++++- kernel/events/core.c | 2 +- kernel/futex.c | 2 +- kernel/futex_compat.c | 2 +- kernel/kcmp.c | 4 ++-- kernel/ptrace.c | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------- mm/process_vm_access.c | 2 +- security/commoncap.c | 7 ++++++- 11 files changed, 80 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-) diff --git a/fs/proc/array.c b/fs/proc/array.c index d73291f5f0fc..b6c00ce0e29e 100644 --- a/fs/proc/array.c +++ b/fs/proc/array.c @@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ static int do_task_stat(struct seq_file *m, struct pid_namespace *ns, state = *get_task_state(task); vsize = eip = esp = 0; - permitted = ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ | PTRACE_MODE_NOAUDIT); + permitted = ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS | PTRACE_MODE_NOAUDIT); mm = get_task_mm(task); if (mm) { vsize = task_vsize(mm); diff --git a/fs/proc/base.c b/fs/proc/base.c index 2cf5d7e37375..e665097c1da5 100644 --- a/fs/proc/base.c +++ b/fs/proc/base.c @@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ static const struct file_operations proc_pid_cmdline_ops = { static int proc_pid_auxv(struct seq_file *m, struct pid_namespace *ns, struct pid *pid, struct task_struct *task) { - struct mm_struct *mm = mm_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ); + struct mm_struct *mm = mm_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS); if (mm && !IS_ERR(mm)) { unsigned int nwords = 0; do { @@ -430,7 +430,8 @@ static int proc_pid_wchan(struct seq_file *m, struct pid_namespace *ns, wchan = get_wchan(task); - if (wchan && ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ) && !lookup_symbol_name(wchan, symname)) + if (wchan && ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS) + && !lookup_symbol_name(wchan, symname)) seq_printf(m, "%s", symname); else seq_putc(m, '0'); @@ -444,7 +445,7 @@ static int lock_trace(struct task_struct *task) int err = mutex_lock_killable(&task->signal->cred_guard_mutex); if (err) return err; - if (!ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH)) { + if (!ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS)) { mutex_unlock(&task->signal->cred_guard_mutex); return -EPERM; } @@ -697,7 +698,7 @@ static int proc_fd_access_allowed(struct inode *inode) */ task = get_proc_task(inode); if (task) { - allowed = ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ); + allowed = ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS); put_task_struct(task); } return allowed; @@ -732,7 +733,7 @@ static bool has_pid_permissions(struct pid_namespace *pid, return true; if (in_group_p(pid->pid_gid)) return true; - return ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ); + return ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS); } @@ -809,7 +810,7 @@ struct mm_struct *proc_mem_open(struct inode *inode, unsigned int mode) struct mm_struct *mm = ERR_PTR(-ESRCH); if (task) { - mm = mm_access(task, mode); + mm = mm_access(task, mode | PTRACE_MODE_FSCREDS); put_task_struct(task); if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(mm)) { @@ -1860,7 +1861,7 @@ static int map_files_d_revalidate(struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int flags) if (!task) goto out_notask; - mm = mm_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ); + mm = mm_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS); if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(mm)) goto out; @@ -2013,7 +2014,7 @@ static struct dentry *proc_map_files_lookup(struct inode *dir, goto out; result = -EACCES; - if (!ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ)) + if (!ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS)) goto out_put_task; result = -ENOENT; @@ -2066,7 +2067,7 @@ proc_map_files_readdir(struct file *file, struct dir_context *ctx) goto out; ret = -EACCES; - if (!ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ)) + if (!ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS)) goto out_put_task; ret = 0; @@ -2533,7 +2534,7 @@ static int do_io_accounting(struct task_struct *task, struct seq_file *m, int wh if (result) return result; - if (!ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ)) { + if (!ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS)) { result = -EACCES; goto out_unlock; } diff --git a/fs/proc/namespaces.c b/fs/proc/namespaces.c index 1dece8781f91..276f12431dbf 100644 --- a/fs/proc/namespaces.c +++ b/fs/proc/namespaces.c @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ static const char *proc_ns_get_link(struct dentry *dentry, if (!task) return error; - if (ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ)) { + if (ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS)) { error = ns_get_path(&ns_path, task, ns_ops); if (!error) nd_jump_link(&ns_path); @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ static int proc_ns_readlink(struct dentry *dentry, char __user *buffer, int bufl if (!task) return res; - if (ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ)) { + if (ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS)) { res = ns_get_name(name, sizeof(name), task, ns_ops); if (res >= 0) res = readlink_copy(buffer, buflen, name); diff --git a/include/linux/ptrace.h b/include/linux/ptrace.h index 061265f92876..504c98a278d4 100644 --- a/include/linux/ptrace.h +++ b/include/linux/ptrace.h @@ -57,7 +57,29 @@ extern void exit_ptrace(struct task_struct *tracer, struct list_head *dead); #define PTRACE_MODE_READ 0x01 #define PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH 0x02 #define PTRACE_MODE_NOAUDIT 0x04 -/* Returns true on success, false on denial. */ +#define PTRACE_MODE_FSCREDS 0x08 +#define PTRACE_MODE_REALCREDS 0x10 + +/* shorthands for READ/ATTACH and FSCREDS/REALCREDS combinations */ +#define PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS (PTRACE_MODE_READ | PTRACE_MODE_FSCREDS) +#define PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS (PTRACE_MODE_READ | PTRACE_MODE_REALCREDS) +#define PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS (PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH | PTRACE_MODE_FSCREDS) +#define PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_REALCREDS (PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH | PTRACE_MODE_REALCREDS) + +/** + * ptrace_may_access - check whether the caller is permitted to access + * a target task. + * @task: target task + * @mode: selects type of access and caller credentials + * + * Returns true on success, false on denial. + * + * One of the flags PTRACE_MODE_FSCREDS and PTRACE_MODE_REALCREDS must + * be set in @mode to specify whether the access was requested through + * a filesystem syscall (should use effective capabilities and fsuid + * of the caller) or through an explicit syscall such as + * process_vm_writev or ptrace (and should use the real credentials). + */ extern bool ptrace_may_access(struct task_struct *task, unsigned int mode); static inline int ptrace_reparented(struct task_struct *child) diff --git a/kernel/events/core.c b/kernel/events/core.c index bf8244190d0f..c0957416b32e 100644 --- a/kernel/events/core.c +++ b/kernel/events/core.c @@ -3376,7 +3376,7 @@ find_lively_task_by_vpid(pid_t vpid) /* Reuse ptrace permission checks for now. */ err = -EACCES; - if (!ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ)) + if (!ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS)) goto errout; return task; diff --git a/kernel/futex.c b/kernel/futex.c index c6f514573b28..0773f2b23b10 100644 --- a/kernel/futex.c +++ b/kernel/futex.c @@ -2884,7 +2884,7 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE3(get_robust_list, int, pid, } ret = -EPERM; - if (!ptrace_may_access(p, PTRACE_MODE_READ)) + if (!ptrace_may_access(p, PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS)) goto err_unlock; head = p->robust_list; diff --git a/kernel/futex_compat.c b/kernel/futex_compat.c index 55c8c9349cfe..4ae3232e7a28 100644 --- a/kernel/futex_compat.c +++ b/kernel/futex_compat.c @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE3(get_robust_list, int, pid, } ret = -EPERM; - if (!ptrace_may_access(p, PTRACE_MODE_READ)) + if (!ptrace_may_access(p, PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS)) goto err_unlock; head = p->compat_robust_list; diff --git a/kernel/kcmp.c b/kernel/kcmp.c index 0aa69ea1d8fd..3a47fa998fe0 100644 --- a/kernel/kcmp.c +++ b/kernel/kcmp.c @@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE5(kcmp, pid_t, pid1, pid_t, pid2, int, type, &task2->signal->cred_guard_mutex); if (ret) goto err; - if (!ptrace_may_access(task1, PTRACE_MODE_READ) || - !ptrace_may_access(task2, PTRACE_MODE_READ)) { + if (!ptrace_may_access(task1, PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS) || + !ptrace_may_access(task2, PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS)) { ret = -EPERM; goto err_unlock; } diff --git a/kernel/ptrace.c b/kernel/ptrace.c index aa94aee9d4c9..2341efe7fe02 100644 --- a/kernel/ptrace.c +++ b/kernel/ptrace.c @@ -219,6 +219,14 @@ static int ptrace_has_cap(struct user_namespace *ns, unsigned int mode) static int __ptrace_may_access(struct task_struct *task, unsigned int mode) { const struct cred *cred = current_cred(), *tcred; + int dumpable = 0; + kuid_t caller_uid; + kgid_t caller_gid; + + if (!(mode & PTRACE_MODE_FSCREDS) == !(mode & PTRACE_MODE_REALCREDS)) { + WARN(1, "denying ptrace access check without PTRACE_MODE_*CREDS\n"); + return -EPERM; + } /* May we inspect the given task? * This check is used both for attaching with ptrace @@ -228,18 +236,33 @@ static int __ptrace_may_access(struct task_struct *task, unsigned int mode) * because setting up the necessary parent/child relationship * or halting the specified task is impossible. */ - int dumpable = 0; + /* Don't let security modules deny introspection */ if (same_thread_group(task, current)) return 0; rcu_read_lock(); + if (mode & PTRACE_MODE_FSCREDS) { + caller_uid = cred->fsuid; + caller_gid = cred->fsgid; + } else { + /* + * Using the euid would make more sense here, but something + * in userland might rely on the old behavior, and this + * shouldn't be a security problem since + * PTRACE_MODE_REALCREDS implies that the caller explicitly + * used a syscall that requests access to another process + * (and not a filesystem syscall to procfs). + */ + caller_uid = cred->uid; + caller_gid = cred->gid; + } tcred = __task_cred(task); - if (uid_eq(cred->uid, tcred->euid) && - uid_eq(cred->uid, tcred->suid) && - uid_eq(cred->uid, tcred->uid) && - gid_eq(cred->gid, tcred->egid) && - gid_eq(cred->gid, tcred->sgid) && - gid_eq(cred->gid, tcred->gid)) + if (uid_eq(caller_uid, tcred->euid) && + uid_eq(caller_uid, tcred->suid) && + uid_eq(caller_uid, tcred->uid) && + gid_eq(caller_gid, tcred->egid) && + gid_eq(caller_gid, tcred->sgid) && + gid_eq(caller_gid, tcred->gid)) goto ok; if (ptrace_has_cap(tcred->user_ns, mode)) goto ok; @@ -306,7 +329,7 @@ static int ptrace_attach(struct task_struct *task, long request, goto out; task_lock(task); - retval = __ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH); + retval = __ptrace_may_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_REALCREDS); task_unlock(task); if (retval) goto unlock_creds; diff --git a/mm/process_vm_access.c b/mm/process_vm_access.c index e88d071648c2..5d453e58ddbf 100644 --- a/mm/process_vm_access.c +++ b/mm/process_vm_access.c @@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ static ssize_t process_vm_rw_core(pid_t pid, struct iov_iter *iter, goto free_proc_pages; } - mm = mm_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH); + mm = mm_access(task, PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_REALCREDS); if (!mm || IS_ERR(mm)) { rc = IS_ERR(mm) ? PTR_ERR(mm) : -ESRCH; /* diff --git a/security/commoncap.c b/security/commoncap.c index 1832cf701c3d..48071ed7c445 100644 --- a/security/commoncap.c +++ b/security/commoncap.c @@ -137,12 +137,17 @@ int cap_ptrace_access_check(struct task_struct *child, unsigned int mode) { int ret = 0; const struct cred *cred, *child_cred; + const kernel_cap_t *caller_caps; rcu_read_lock(); cred = current_cred(); child_cred = __task_cred(child); + if (mode & PTRACE_MODE_FSCREDS) + caller_caps = &cred->cap_effective; + else + caller_caps = &cred->cap_permitted; if (cred->user_ns == child_cred->user_ns && - cap_issubset(child_cred->cap_permitted, cred->cap_permitted)) + cap_issubset(child_cred->cap_permitted, *caller_caps)) goto out; if (ns_capable(child_cred->user_ns, CAP_SYS_PTRACE)) goto out;