Maintain a flag in the LSB of the ticket lock tail which indicates
whether anyone is in the lock slowpath and may need kicking when
the current holder unlocks. The flags are set when the first locker
enters the slowpath, and cleared when unlocking to an empty queue (ie,
no contention).
In the specific implementation of lock_spinning(), make sure to set
the slowpath flags on the lock just before blocking. We must do
this before the last-chance pickup test to prevent a deadlock
with the unlocker:
Unlocker Locker
test for lock pickup
-> fail
unlock
test slowpath
-> false
set slowpath flags
block
Whereas this works in any ordering:
Unlocker Locker
set slowpath flags
test for lock pickup
-> fail
block
unlock
test slowpath
-> true, kick
If the unlocker finds that the lock has the slowpath flag set but it is
actually uncontended (ie, head == tail, so nobody is waiting), then it
clears the slowpath flag.
The unlock code uses a locked add to update the head counter. This also
acts as a full memory barrier so that its safe to subsequently
read back the slowflag state, knowing that the updated lock is visible
to the other CPUs. If it were an unlocked add, then the flag read may
just be forwarded from the store buffer before it was visible to the other
CPUs, which could result in a deadlock.
Unfortunately this means we need to do a locked instruction when
unlocking with PV ticketlocks. However, if PV ticketlocks are not
enabled, then the old non-locked "add" is the only unlocking code.
Note: this code relies on gcc making sure that unlikely() code is out of
line of the fastpath, which only happens when OPTIMIZE_SIZE=n. If it
doesn't the generated code isn't too bad, but its definitely suboptimal.
Thanks to Srivatsa Vaddagiri for providing a bugfix to the original
version of this change, which has been folded in.
Thanks to Stephan Diestelhorst for commenting on some code which relied
on an inaccurate reading of the x86 memory ordering rules.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1376058122-8248-11-git-send-email-raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Stephan Diestelhorst <stephan.diestelhorst@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Although the lock_spinning calls in the spinlock code are on the
uncommon path, their presence can cause the compiler to generate many
more register save/restores in the function pre/postamble, which is in
the fast path. To avoid this, convert it to using the pvops callee-save
calling convention, which defers all the save/restores until the actual
function is called, keeping the fastpath clean.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1376058122-8248-8-git-send-email-raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Reviewed-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Attilio Rao <attilio.rao@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Rather than outright replacing the entire spinlock implementation in
order to paravirtualize it, keep the ticket lock implementation but add
a couple of pvops hooks on the slow patch (long spin on lock, unlocking
a contended lock).
Ticket locks have a number of nice properties, but they also have some
surprising behaviours in virtual environments. They enforce a strict
FIFO ordering on cpus trying to take a lock; however, if the hypervisor
scheduler does not schedule the cpus in the correct order, the system can
waste a huge amount of time spinning until the next cpu can take the lock.
(See Thomas Friebel's talk "Prevent Guests from Spinning Around"
http://www.xen.org/files/xensummitboston08/LHP.pdf for more details.)
To address this, we add two hooks:
- __ticket_spin_lock which is called after the cpu has been
spinning on the lock for a significant number of iterations but has
failed to take the lock (presumably because the cpu holding the lock
has been descheduled). The lock_spinning pvop is expected to block
the cpu until it has been kicked by the current lock holder.
- __ticket_spin_unlock, which on releasing a contended lock
(there are more cpus with tail tickets), it looks to see if the next
cpu is blocked and wakes it if so.
When compiled with CONFIG_PARAVIRT_SPINLOCKS disabled, a set of stub
functions causes all the extra code to go away.
Results:
=======
setup: 32 core machine with 32 vcpu KVM guest (HT off) with 8GB RAM
base = 3.11-rc
patched = base + pvspinlock V12
+-----------------+----------------+--------+
dbench (Throughput in MB/sec. Higher is better)
+-----------------+----------------+--------+
| base (stdev %)|patched(stdev%) | %gain |
+-----------------+----------------+--------+
| 15035.3 (0.3) |15150.0 (0.6) | 0.8 |
| 1470.0 (2.2) | 1713.7 (1.9) | 16.6 |
| 848.6 (4.3) | 967.8 (4.3) | 14.0 |
| 652.9 (3.5) | 685.3 (3.7) | 5.0 |
+-----------------+----------------+--------+
pvspinlock shows benefits for overcommit ratio > 1 for PLE enabled cases,
and undercommits results are flat
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1376058122-8248-2-git-send-email-raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Reviewed-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Attilio Rao <attilio.rao@citrix.com>
[ Raghavendra: Changed SPIN_THRESHOLD, fixed redefinition of arch_spinlock_t]
Signed-off-by: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Name space cleanup. No functional change.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
The raw_spin* namespace was taken by lockdep for the architecture
specific implementations. raw_spin_* would be the ideal name space for
the spinlocks which are not converted to sleeping locks in preempt-rt.
Linus suggested to convert the raw_ to arch_ locks and cleanup the
name space instead of using an artifical name like core_spin,
atomic_spin or whatever
No functional change.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Impact: cleanup
Remove byte locks implementation, which was introduced by Jeremy in
8efcbab6 ("paravirt: introduce a "lock-byte" spinlock implementation"),
but turned out to be dead code that is not used by any in-kernel
virtualization guest (Xen uses its own variant of spinlocks implementation
and KVM is not planning to move to byte locks).
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
these warnings:
arch/x86/kernel/paravirt-spinlocks.c: In function ‘default_spin_lock_flags’:
arch/x86/kernel/paravirt-spinlocks.c:12: warning: passing argument 1 of ‘__raw_spin_lock’ from incompatible pointer type
arch/x86/kernel/paravirt-spinlocks.c: At top level:
arch/x86/kernel/paravirt-spinlocks.c:11: warning: ‘default_spin_lock_flags’ defined but not used
showed that the prototype of default_spin_lock_flags() was confused about
what type spinlocks have.
the proper type on UP is raw_spinlock_t.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
None of the spinlock API is exported GPL, so there's no reason for
pv_lock_ops to be.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: drago01 <drago01@gmail.com>
It is useful for a pv_lock_ops backend to know whether interrupts are
enabled or not in the context a spin_lock is being called. This
allows it to enable interrupts while spinning, which could be
particularly helpful when spinning becomes blocking.
The default implementation just calls the normal spin_lock op,
ignoring the flags.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
ftrace requires certain low-level code, like spinlocks and timestamps,
to be compiled without -pg in order to avoid infinite recursion. This
patch splits out the core paravirt spinlocks and the Xen spinlocks
into separate files which can be compiled without -pg.
Also do xen/time.c while we're about it. As a result, we can now use
ftrace within a Xen domain.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Jeremy Fitzhardinge