Checksum items take up a significant portion of the metadata for large files.
It is possible to avoid reading them during truncates by checking the keys in
the higher level nodes.
If a given leaf is followed by another leaf where the lowest key is a checksum
item from the same file, we know we can safely delete the leaf without
reading it.
For a 32GB file on a 6 drive raid0 array, Btrfs needs 8s to delete
the file with a cold cache. It is read bound during the run.
With this change, Btrfs is able to delete the file in 0.5s
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
This improves the comments at the top of many functions. It didn't
dive into the guts of functions because I was trying to
avoid merging problems with the new allocator and back reference work.
extent-tree.c and volumes.c were both skipped, and there is definitely
more work todo in cleaning and commenting the code.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
This patch updates the space balancing code to utilize the new
backref format. Before, btrfs-vol -b would break any COW links
on data blocks or metadata. This was slow and caused the amount
of space used to explode if a large number of snapshots were present.
The new code can keeps the sharing of all data extents and
most of the tree blocks.
To maintain the sharing of data extents, the space balance code uses
a seperate inode hold data extent pointers, then updates the references
to point to the new location.
To maintain the sharing of tree blocks, the space balance code uses
reloc trees to relocate tree blocks in reference counted roots.
There is one reloc tree for each subvol, and all reloc trees share
same root key objectid. Reloc trees are snapshots of the latest
committed roots of subvols (root->commit_root).
To relocate a tree block referenced by a subvol, there are two steps.
COW the block through subvol's reloc tree, then update block pointer in
the subvol to point to the new block. Since all reloc trees share
same root key objectid, doing special handing for tree blocks
owned by them is easy. Once a tree block has been COWed in one
reloc tree, we can use the resulting new block directly when the
same block is required to COW again through other reloc trees.
In this way, relocated tree blocks are shared between reloc trees,
so they are also shared between subvols.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
* Add an EXTENT_BOUNDARY state bit to keep the writepage code
from merging data extents that are in the process of being
relocated. This allows us to do accounting for them properly.
* The balancing code relocates data extents indepdent of the underlying
inode. The extent_map code was modified to properly account for
things moving around (invalidating extent_map caches in the inode).
* Don't take the drop_mutex in the create_subvol ioctl. It isn't
required.
* Fix walking of the ordered extent list to avoid races with sys_unlink
* Change the lock ordering rules. Transaction start goes outside
the drop_mutex. This allows btrfs_commit_transaction to directly
drop the relocation trees.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
This patch makes the back reference system to explicit record the
location of parent node for all types of extents. The location of
parent node is placed into the offset field of backref key. Every
time a tree block is balanced, the back references for the affected
lower level extents are updated.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
1) replace the per fs_info extent_io_tree that tracked free space with two
rb-trees per block group to track free space areas via offset and size. The
reason to do this is because most allocations come with a hint byte where to
start, so we can usually find a chunk of free space at that hint byte to satisfy
the allocation and get good space packing. If we cannot find free space at or
after the given offset we fall back on looking for a chunk of the given size as
close to that given offset as possible. When we fall back on the size search we
also try to find a slot as close to the size we want as possible, to avoid
breaking small chunks off of huge areas if possible.
2) remove the extent_io_tree that tracked the block group cache from fs_info and
replaced it with an rb-tree thats tracks block group cache via offset. also
added a per space_info list that tracks the block group cache for the particular
space so we can lookup related block groups easily.
3) cleaned up the allocation code to make it a little easier to read and a
little less complicated. Basically there are 3 steps, first look from our
provided hint. If we couldn't find from that given hint, start back at our
original search start and look for space from there. If that fails try to
allocate space if we can and start looking again. If not we're screwed and need
to start over again.
4) small fixes. there were some issues in volumes.c where we wouldn't allocate
the rest of the disk. fixed cow_file_range to actually pass the alloc_hint,
which has helped a good bit in making the fs_mark test I run have semi-normal
results as we run out of space. Generally with data allocations we don't track
where we last allocated from, so everytime we did a data allocation we'd search
through every block group that we have looking for free space. Now searching a
block group with no free space isn't terribly time consuming, it was causing a
slight degradation as we got more data block groups. The alloc_hint has fixed
this slight degredation and made things semi-normal.
There is still one nagging problem I'm working on where we will get ENOSPC when
there is definitely plenty of space. This only happens with metadata
allocations, and only when we are almost full. So you generally hit the 85%
mark first, but sometimes you'll hit the BUG before you hit the 85% wall. I'm
still tracking it down, but until then this seems to be pretty stable and make a
significant performance gain.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Add two missing endianess conversions in this function, found by sparse.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
File syncs and directory syncs are optimized by copying their
items into a special (copy-on-write) log tree. There is one log tree per
subvolume and the btrfs super block points to a tree of log tree roots.
After a crash, items are copied out of the log tree and back into the
subvolume. See tree-log.c for all the details.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
A btree block cow has two parts, the first is to allocate a destination
block and the second is to copy the old bock over.
The first part needs locks in the extent allocation tree, and may need to
do IO. This changeset splits that into a separate function that can be
called without any tree locks held.
btrfs_search_slot is changed to drop its path and start over if it has
to COW a contended block. This often means that many writers will
pre-alloc a new destination for a the same contended block, but they
cache their prealloc for later use on lower levels in the tree.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
The memory reclaiming issue happens when snapshot exists. In that
case, some cache entries may not be used during old snapshot dropping,
so they will remain in the cache until umount.
The patch adds a field to struct btrfs_leaf_ref to record create time. Besides,
the patch makes all dead roots of a given snapshot linked together in order of
create time. After a old snapshot was completely dropped, we check the dead
root list and remove all cache entries created before the oldest dead root in
the list.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Much of the IO done while dropping snapshots is done looking up
leaves in the filesystem trees to see if they point to any extents and
to drop the references on any extents found.
This creates a cache so that IO isn't required.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
We should decrease the found slot by one as btrfs_search_slot does
when bin_search return 1 and node level > 0.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
This calls unlock_up sooner in btrfs_search_slot in order to decrease the
amount of work done with the higher level tree locks held.
Also, it changes btrfs_tree_lock to spin for a big against the page lock
before scheduling. This makes a big difference in context switch rate under
highly contended workloads.
Longer term, a better locking structure is needed than the page lock.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
The btree defragger wasn't making forward progress because the new key wasn't
being saved by the btrfs_search_forward function.
This also disables the automatic btree defrag, it wasn't scaling well to
huge filesystems. The auto-defrag needs to be done differently.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
The online btree defragger is simplified and rewritten to use
standard btree searches instead of a walk up / down mechanism.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
This creates one kthread for commits and one kthread for
deleting old snapshots. All the work queues are removed.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Allocations may need to read in block groups from the extent allocation tree,
which will require a tree search and take locks on the extent allocation
tree. But, those locks might already be held in other places, leading
to deadlocks.
Since the alloc_mutex serializes everything right now, it is safe to
skip the btree locking while caching block groups. A better fix will be
to either create a recursive lock or find a way to back off existing
locks while caching block groups.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
This allows us to delete an unlinked inode with dirty pages from the list
instead of forcing commit to write these out before deleting the inode.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
One lock per btree block can make for significant congestion if everyone
has to wait for IO at the high levels of the btree. This drops
locks held by a path when doing reads during a tree search.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Extent alloctions are still protected by a large alloc_mutex.
Objectid allocations are covered by a objectid mutex
Other btree operations are protected by a lock on individual btree nodes
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
The allocation trees and the chunk trees are serialized via their own
dedicated mutexes. This means allocation location is still not very
fine grained.
The main FS btree is protected by locks on each block in the btree. Locks
are taken top / down, and as processing finishes on a given level of the
tree, the lock is released after locking the lower level.
The end result of a search is now a path where only the lowest level
is locked. Releasing or freeing the path drops any locks held.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
* Force chunk allocation when find_free_extent has to do a full scan
* Record the max key at the start of defrag so it doesn't run forever
* Block groups might not be contiguous, make a forward search for the
next block group in extent-tree.c
* Get rid of extra checks for total fs size
* Fix relocate_one_reference to avoid relocating the same file data block
twice when referenced by an older transaction
* Use the open device count when allocating chunks so that we don't
try to allocate from devices that don't exist
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
When duplicate copies exist, writes are allowed to fail to one of those
copies. This changeset includes a few changes that allow the FS to
continue even when some IOs fail.
It also adds verification of the parent generation number for btree blocks.
This generation is stored in the pointer to a block, and it ensures
that missed writes to are detected.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
balance level starts by trying to empty the middle block, and then
pushes from the right to the middle. This might empty the right block
and leave a small number of pointers in the middle.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
This isn't required anymore because we don't reallocate blocks that
have already been written in this transaction.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Block headers now store the chunk tree uuid
Chunk items records the device uuid for each stripes
Device extent items record better back refs to the chunk tree
Block groups record better back refs to the chunk tree
The chunk tree format has also changed. The objectid of BTRFS_CHUNK_ITEM_KEY
used to be the logical offset of the chunk. Now it is a chunk tree id,
with the logical offset being stored in the offset field of the key.
This allows a single chunk tree to record multiple logical address spaces,
upping the number of bytes indexed by a chunk tree from 2^64 to
2^128.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Before, metadata checksumming was done by the callers of read_tree_block,
which would set EXTENT_CSUM bits in the extent tree to show that a given
range of pages was already checksummed and didn't need to be verified
again.
But, those bits could go away via try_to_releasepage, and the end
result was bogus checksum failures on pages that never left the cache.
The new code validates checksums when the page is read. It is a little
tricky because metadata blocks can span pages and a single read may
end up going via multiple bios.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Checksums were only verified by btrfs_read_tree_block, which meant the
functions to probe the page cache for blocks were not validating checksums.
Normally this is fine because the buffers will only be in cache if they
have already been validated.
But, there is a window while the buffer is being read from disk where
it could be up to date in the cache but not yet verified. This patch
makes sure all buffers go through checksum verification before they
are used.
This is safer, and it prevents modification of buffers before they go
through the csum code.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
This allows detection of blocks that have already been written in the
running transaction so they can be recowed instead of modified again.
It is step one in trusting the transid field of the block pointers.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
When freeing root block of a tree, btrfs_free_extent' parameter
'ref_generation' is from root block itseft. When freeing non-root
block, 'ref_generation' is from its parent. so when converting a
non-root block to root block, we must guarantee its generation is
equal to its parent's generation.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
This forces file data extents down the disk along with the metadata that
references them. The current implementation is fairly simple, and just
writes out all of the dirty pages in an inode before the commit.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
A number of workloads do not require copy on write data or checksumming.
mount -o nodatasum to disable checksums and -o nodatacow to disable
both copy on write and checksumming.
In nodatacow mode, copy on write is still performed when a given extent
is under snapshot.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
The codes that fixup the right leaf and the codes that dirty the
extnet buffer use the variable 'right_nritems' , both of them expect
'right_nritems' is the number of items in right leaf after the push.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
The fixes do a number of things:
1) Most btrfs_drop_extent callers will try to leave the inline extents in
place. It can truncate bytes off the beginning of the inline extent if
required.
2) writepage can now update the inline extent, allowing mmap writes to
go directly into the inline extent.
3) btrfs_truncate_in_transaction truncates inline extents
4) extent_map.c fixed to not merge inline extent mappings and hole
mappings together
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
1) Forced defrag wasn't working properly (btrfsctl -d) because some
cache only checks were incorrect.
2) Defrag only the leaves unless in forced defrag mode.
3) Don't use complex logic to figure out if a leaf is needs defrag
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
When making room for a new item, it is ok to create an empty leaf, but
when making room to extend an item, split_leaf needs to make sure it
keeps the item we're extending in the path and make sure we don't end up
with an empty leaf.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
This allows us to defrag huge directories, but skip the expensive defrag
case in more common usage, where it does not help as much.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
This allows the tree walking code to defrag only the newly allocated
buffers, it seems to be a good balance between perfect defragging and the
performance hit of repeatedly reallocating blocks.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
This adds two types of btree defrag, a run time form that tries to
defrag recently allocated blocks in the btree when they are still in ram,
and an ioctl that forces defrag of all btree blocks.
File data blocks are not defragged yet, but this can make a huge difference
in sequential btree reads.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Before, snapshot deletion was a single atomic unit. This caused considerable
lock contention and required an unbounded amount of space. Now,
the drop_progress field in the root item is used to indicate how far along
snapshot deletion is, and to resume where it left off.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Almost none of the files including module.h need to do so,
remove them.
Include sched.h in extent-tree.c to silence a warning about cond_resched()
being undeclared.
Signed-off-by: Zach Brown <zach.brown@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Attaching below is some of the code cleanups that i came across while
reading the code.
a) alloc_path already calls init_path.
b) Mention that btrfs_inode is the in memory copy.Ext4 have ext4_inode_info as
the in memory copy ext4_inode as the disk copy
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
