* Replace the /sys/class/dax device model with /sys/bus/dax, and include
a compat driver so distributions can opt-in to the new ABI.
* Allow for an alternative driver for the device-dax address-range
* Introduce the 'kmem' driver to hotplug / assign a device-dax
address-range to the core-mm.
* Arrange for the device-dax target-node to be onlined so that the newly
added memory range can be uniquely referenced by numa apis.
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Merge tag 'devdax-for-5.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm
Pull device-dax updates from Dan Williams:
"New device-dax infrastructure to allow persistent memory and other
"reserved" / performance differentiated memories, to be assigned to
the core-mm as "System RAM".
Some users want to use persistent memory as additional volatile
memory. They are willing to cope with potential performance
differences, for example between DRAM and 3D Xpoint, and want to use
typical Linux memory management apis rather than a userspace memory
allocator layered over an mmap() of a dax file. The administration
model is to decide how much Persistent Memory (pmem) to use as System
RAM, create a device-dax-mode namespace of that size, and then assign
it to the core-mm. The rationale for device-dax is that it is a
generic memory-mapping driver that can be layered over any "special
purpose" memory, not just pmem. On subsequent boots udev rules can be
used to restore the memory assignment.
One implication of using pmem as RAM is that mlock() no longer keeps
data off persistent media. For this reason it is recommended to enable
NVDIMM Security (previously merged for 5.0) to encrypt pmem contents
at rest. We considered making this recommendation an actively enforced
requirement, but in the end decided to leave it as a distribution /
administrator policy to allow for emulation and test environments that
lack security capable NVDIMMs.
Summary:
- Replace the /sys/class/dax device model with /sys/bus/dax, and
include a compat driver so distributions can opt-in to the new ABI.
- Allow for an alternative driver for the device-dax address-range
- Introduce the 'kmem' driver to hotplug / assign a device-dax
address-range to the core-mm.
- Arrange for the device-dax target-node to be onlined so that the
newly added memory range can be uniquely referenced by numa apis"
NOTE! I'm not entirely happy with the whole "PMEM as RAM" model because
we currently have special - and very annoying rules in the kernel about
accessing PMEM only with the "MC safe" accessors, because machine checks
inside the regular repeat string copy functions can be fatal in some
(not described) circumstances.
And apparently the PMEM modules can cause that a lot more than regular
RAM. The argument is that this happens because PMEM doesn't necessarily
get scrubbed at boot like RAM does, but that is planned to be added for
the user space tooling.
Quoting Dan from another email:
"The exposure can be reduced in the volatile-RAM case by scanning for
and clearing errors before it is onlined as RAM. The userspace tooling
for that can be in place before v5.1-final. There's also runtime
notifications of errors via acpi_nfit_uc_error_notify() from
background scrubbers on the DIMM devices. With that mechanism the
kernel could proactively clear newly discovered poison in the volatile
case, but that would be additional development more suitable for v5.2.
I understand the concern, and the need to highlight this issue by
tapping the brakes on feature development, but I don't see PMEM as RAM
making the situation worse when the exposure is also there via DAX in
the PMEM case. Volatile-RAM is arguably a safer use case since it's
possible to repair pages where the persistent case needs active
application coordination"
* tag 'devdax-for-5.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm:
device-dax: "Hotplug" persistent memory for use like normal RAM
mm/resource: Let walk_system_ram_range() search child resources
mm/memory-hotplug: Allow memory resources to be children
mm/resource: Move HMM pr_debug() deeper into resource code
mm/resource: Return real error codes from walk failures
device-dax: Add a 'modalias' attribute to DAX 'bus' devices
device-dax: Add a 'target_node' attribute
device-dax: Auto-bind device after successful new_id
acpi/nfit, device-dax: Identify differentiated memory with a unique numa-node
device-dax: Add /sys/class/dax backwards compatibility
device-dax: Add support for a dax override driver
device-dax: Move resource pinning+mapping into the common driver
device-dax: Introduce bus + driver model
device-dax: Start defining a dax bus model
device-dax: Remove multi-resource infrastructure
device-dax: Kill dax_region base
device-dax: Kill dax_region ida
We've continued mainly to fix bugs in this round, as f2fs has been shipped
in more devices. Especially, we've focused on stabilizing checkpoint=disable
feature, and provided some interfaces for QA.
Enhancement:
- expose FS_NOCOW_FL for pin_file
- run discard jobs at unmount time with timeout
- tune discarding thread to avoid idling which consumes power
- some checking codes to address vulnerabilities
- give random value to i_generation
- shutdown with more flags for QA
Bug fix:
- clean up stale objects when mount is failed along with checkpoint=disable
- fix system being stuck due to wrong count by atomic writes
- handle some corrupted disk cases
- fix a deadlock in f2fs_read_inline_dir
We've also added some minor build errors and clean-up patches.
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Merge tag 'f2fs-for-5.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jaegeuk/f2fs
Pull f2fs updates from Jaegeuk Kim:
"We've continued mainly to fix bugs in this round, as f2fs has been
shipped in more devices. Especially, we've focused on stabilizing
checkpoint=disable feature, and provided some interfaces for QA.
Enhancements:
- expose FS_NOCOW_FL for pin_file
- run discard jobs at unmount time with timeout
- tune discarding thread to avoid idling which consumes power
- some checking codes to address vulnerabilities
- give random value to i_generation
- shutdown with more flags for QA
Bug fixes:
- clean up stale objects when mount is failed along with
checkpoint=disable
- fix system being stuck due to wrong count by atomic writes
- handle some corrupted disk cases
- fix a deadlock in f2fs_read_inline_dir
We've also added some minor build error fixes and clean-up patches"
* tag 'f2fs-for-5.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jaegeuk/f2fs: (53 commits)
f2fs: set pin_file under CAP_SYS_ADMIN
f2fs: fix to avoid deadlock in f2fs_read_inline_dir()
f2fs: fix to adapt small inline xattr space in __find_inline_xattr()
f2fs: fix to do sanity check with inode.i_inline_xattr_size
f2fs: give some messages for inline_xattr_size
f2fs: don't trigger read IO for beyond EOF page
f2fs: fix to add refcount once page is tagged PG_private
f2fs: remove wrong comment in f2fs_invalidate_page()
f2fs: fix to use kvfree instead of kzfree
f2fs: print more parameters in trace_f2fs_map_blocks
f2fs: trace f2fs_ioc_shutdown
f2fs: fix to avoid deadlock of atomic file operations
f2fs: fix to dirty inode for i_mode recovery
f2fs: give random value to i_generation
f2fs: no need to take page lock in readdir
f2fs: fix to update iostat correctly in IPU path
f2fs: fix encrypted page memory leak
f2fs: make fault injection covering __submit_flush_wait()
f2fs: fix to retry fill_super only if recovery failed
f2fs: silence VM_WARN_ON_ONCE in mempool_alloc
...
users to more easily find the jbd2 journal thread for a particular
ext4 file system.
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Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4
Pull ext4 updates from Ted Ts'o:
"A large number of bug fixes and cleanups.
One new feature to allow users to more easily find the jbd2 journal
thread for a particular ext4 file system"
* tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: (25 commits)
jbd2: jbd2_get_transaction does not need to return a value
jbd2: fix invalid descriptor block checksum
ext4: fix bigalloc cluster freeing when hole punching under load
ext4: add sysfs attr /sys/fs/ext4/<disk>/journal_task
ext4: Change debugging support help prefix from EXT4 to Ext4
ext4: fix compile error when using BUFFER_TRACE
jbd2: fix compile warning when using JBUFFER_TRACE
ext4: fix some error pointer dereferences
ext4: annotate more implicit fall throughs
ext4: annotate implicit fall throughs
ext4: don't update s_rev_level if not required
jbd2: fold jbd2_superblock_csum_{verify,set} into their callers
jbd2: fix race when writing superblock
ext4: fix crash during online resizing
ext4: disallow files with EXT4_JOURNAL_DATA_FL from EXT4_IOC_SWAP_BOOT
ext4: add mask of ext4 flags to swap
ext4: update quota information while swapping boot loader inode
ext4: cleanup pagecache before swap i_data
ext4: fix check of inode in swap_inode_boot_loader
ext4: unlock unused_pages timely when doing writeback
...
1. SPDX identifier cleanup for platform/chrome
2. Cleanup series between mfd and chrome/platform, moving
cros-ec attributes from mfd/cros_ec_dev to sub-drivers in platform/chrome.
3. Wilco EC driver
4. Maintainership change to new group repository.
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Merge tag 'tag-chrome-platform-for-v5.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/chrome-platform/linux
Pull chrome platform updates from Benson Leung:
- SPDX identifier cleanup for platform/chrome
- Cleanup series between mfd and chrome/platform, moving cros-ec
attributes from mfd/cros_ec_dev to sub-drivers in platform/chrome
- Wilco EC driver
- Maintainership change to new group repository
* tag 'tag-chrome-platform-for-v5.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/chrome-platform/linux:
platform/chrome: fix wilco-ec dependencies
platform/chrome: wilco_ec: Add RTC driver
platform/chrome: wilco_ec: Add support for raw commands in debugfs
platform/chrome: Add new driver for Wilco EC
platform/chrome: cros_ec: Remove cros_ec dependency in lpc_mec
MAINTAINERS: chrome-platform: change the git tree to a chrome-platform group git tree
platform/chrome: cros_ec_sysfs: remove pr_fmt() define
platform/chrome: cros_ec_lightbar: remove pr_fmt() define
platform/chrome: cros_kbd_led_backlight: switch to SPDX identifier
platform/chrome: cros_ec_spi: switch to SPDX identifier
platform/chrome: cros_ec_proto: switch to SPDX identifier
platform/chrome: cros_ec_lpc: switch to SPDX identifier
platform/chrome: cros_ec_i2c: switch to SPDX identifier
platform/chrome: cros_ec_vbc: switch to SPDX identifier
platform/chrome: cros_ec_sysfs: switch to SPDX identifier
platform/chrome: cros_ec_lightbar: switch to SPDX identifier
platform/chrome: cros_ec_debugfs: switch to SPDX identifier
platform/chrome: cromeos_pstore: switch to SPDX identifier
Use MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE across several wmi drivers, keeping
wmi_device_id and MODULE_ALIAS() declarations in sync. Add several
Ideapad models to the no_hw_rfkill list. Add support for new Mellanox
platforms, including new fan and LED functionality. Address Dell
keyboard backlight change event and power button release issues. Update
dell_rbu to use appropriate memory allocation mechanisms. Several small
fixes and Ice Lake support for intel_pmc_core. Fix a suspend regression
for Cherry Trail based devices in intel_int0002_vgpio. A few other
routine fixes.
The following is an automated git shortlog grouped by driver:
ACPI / scan:
- Create platform device for BSG2150 ACPI nodes
Documentation/ABI:
- Add new attribute for mlxreg-io sysfs interfaces
- Correct mlxreg-io KernelVersion for 5.0
MAINTAINERS:
- Include mlxreg.h in Mellanox Platform Driver files
asus-wmi:
- Allow loading on systems without the Asus Management GUID
dell-smbios-wmi:
- use MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE() instead of MODULE_ALIAS()
dell-wmi:
- use MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE() instead of MODULE_ALIAS()
- Ignore new keyboard backlight change event
dell-wmi-descriptor:
- use MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE() instead of MODULE_ALIAS()
dell_rbu:
- fix lock imbalance in img_update_realloc
- stop abusing the DMA API
huawei-wmi:
- use MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE() instead of MODULE_ALIAS()
ideapad-laptop:
- Add ideapad 330-15ICH to no_hw_rfkill
- Add S130-14IGM to no_hw_rfkill list
- Add Ideapad 530S-14ARR to no_hw_rfkill list
- Add Yoga C930 to no_hw_rfkill_list
- Add Y530-I5ICH-1060 to no_hw_rfkill list
- Fix no_hw_rfkill_list for Lenovo RESCUER R720-15IKBN
intel-hid:
- Missing power button release on some Dell models
intel-wmi-thunderbolt:
- use MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE() instead of MODULE_ALIAS()
intel_int0002_vgpio:
- Only implement irq_set_wake on Bay Trail
intel_pmc_core:
- Quirk to ignore XTAL shutdown
- Add Package cstates residency info
- Add ICL platform support
- Convert to INTEL_CPU_FAM6 macro
- Avoid a u32 overflow
- Include Reserved IP for LTR
- Fix file permissions for ltr_show
- Fix PCH IP name
- Fix PCH IP sts reading
- Handle CFL regmap properly
leds:
- mlxreg: Add support for capability register
mlx-platform:
- Fix access mode for fan_dir attribute
- Add UID LED for the next generation systems
- Add extra CPLD for next generation systems
- Add support for new VMOD0007 board name
- Add support for fan capability registers
- Add support for fan direction register
modpost:
- file2alias: define size of alias
platform/mellanox:
- mlxreg-hotplug: Fix KASAN warning
platform_data/mlxreg:
- Add capability field to core platform data
- Document fixes for core platform data
touchscreen_dmi:
- Add info for the CHUWI Hi10 Air tablet
- Add info for the Chuwi Hi8 Air tablet
- Add info for the PoV Wintab P1006w (v1.0) tablet
wmi:
- add WMI support to MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE()
- move struct wmi_device_id to mod_devicetable.h
- fix potential null pointer dereference
wmi-bmof:
- use MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE() instead of MODULE_ALIAS()
x86/CPU:
- Add Icelake model number
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Merge tag 'platform-drivers-x86-v5.1-1' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-platform-drivers-x86
Pull x86 platform driver updates from Darren Hart:
- use MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE across several wmi drivers, keeping
wmi_device_id and MODULE_ALIAS() declarations in sync
- add several Ideapad models to the no_hw_rfkill list
- add support for new Mellanox platforms, including new fan and LED
functionality
- address Dell keyboard backlight change event and power button release
issues
- update dell_rbu to use appropriate memory allocation mechanisms
- several small fixes and Ice Lake support for intel_pmc_core
- fix a suspend regression for Cherry Trail based devices in
intel_int0002_vgpio
- a few other routine fixes
* tag 'platform-drivers-x86-v5.1-1' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-platform-drivers-x86: (50 commits)
MAINTAINERS: Include mlxreg.h in Mellanox Platform Driver files
platform/x86: ideapad-laptop: Add S130-14IGM to no_hw_rfkill list
platform/x86: mlx-platform: Fix access mode for fan_dir attribute
platform/x86: mlx-platform: Add UID LED for the next generation systems
platform/x86: mlx-platform: Add extra CPLD for next generation systems
platform/x86: wmi-bmof: use MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE() instead of MODULE_ALIAS()
platform/x86: intel-wmi-thunderbolt: use MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE() instead of MODULE_ALIAS()
platform/x86: huawei-wmi: use MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE() instead of MODULE_ALIAS()
platform/x86: dell-wmi: use MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE() instead of MODULE_ALIAS()
platform/x86: dell-wmi-descriptor: use MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE() instead of MODULE_ALIAS()
platform/x86: dell-smbios-wmi: use MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE() instead of MODULE_ALIAS()
platform/x86: wmi: add WMI support to MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE()
platform/x86: wmi: move struct wmi_device_id to mod_devicetable.h
modpost: file2alias: define size of alias
platform/x86: touchscreen_dmi: Add info for the CHUWI Hi10 Air tablet
platform/x86: ideapad-laptop: Add Ideapad 530S-14ARR to no_hw_rfkill list
platform/x86: ideapad-laptop: Add Yoga C930 to no_hw_rfkill_list
platform/x86: intel_pmc_core: Quirk to ignore XTAL shutdown
platform/x86: intel_pmc_core: Add Package cstates residency info
platform/x86: intel_pmc_core: Add ICL platform support
...
Pull livepatching updates from Jiri Kosina:
- support for something we call 'atomic replace', and allows for much
better handling of cumulative patches (which is something very useful
for distros), from Jason Baron with help of Petr Mladek and Joe
Lawrence
- improvement of handling of tasks blocking finalization, from Miroslav
Benes
- update of MAINTAINERS file to reflect move towards group
maintainership
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/livepatching/livepatching: (22 commits)
livepatch/selftests: use "$@" to preserve argument list
livepatch: Module coming and going callbacks can proceed with all listed patches
livepatch: Proper error handling in the shadow variables selftest
livepatch: return -ENOMEM on ptr_id() allocation failure
livepatch: Introduce klp_for_each_patch macro
livepatch: core: Return EOPNOTSUPP instead of ENOSYS
selftests/livepatch: add DYNAMIC_DEBUG config dependency
livepatch: samples: non static warnings fix
livepatch: update MAINTAINERS
livepatch: Remove signal sysfs attribute
livepatch: Send a fake signal periodically
selftests/livepatch: introduce tests
livepatch: Remove ordering (stacking) of the livepatches
livepatch: Atomic replace and cumulative patches documentation
livepatch: Remove Nop structures when unused
livepatch: Add atomic replace
livepatch: Use lists to manage patches, objects and functions
livepatch: Simplify API by removing registration step
livepatch: Don't block the removal of patches loaded after a forced transition
livepatch: Consolidate klp_free functions
...
Here is the big USB/PHY driver pull request for 5.1-rc1.
The usual set of gadget driver updates, phy driver updates (you will
have a merge issue with Kconfig and Makefile), xhci updates, and typec
additions. Also included in here are a lot of small cleanups and fixes
and driver updates where needed.
All of these have been in linux-next for a while with no reported
issues.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'usb-5.1-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb
Pull USB/PHY updates from Greg KH:
"Here is the big USB/PHY driver pull request for 5.1-rc1.
The usual set of gadget driver updates, phy driver updates, xhci
updates, and typec additions. Also included in here are a lot of small
cleanups and fixes and driver updates where needed.
All of these have been in linux-next for a while with no reported
issues"
* tag 'usb-5.1-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb: (167 commits)
wusb: Remove unnecessary static function ckhdid_printf
usb: core: make default autosuspend delay configurable
usb: core: Fix typo in description of "authorized_default"
usb: chipidea: Refactor USB PHY selection and keep a single PHY
usb: chipidea: Grab the (legacy) USB PHY by phandle first
usb: chipidea: imx: set power polarity
dt-bindings: usb: ci-hdrc-usb2: add property power-active-high
usb: chipidea: imx: remove unused header files
usb: chipidea: tegra: Fix missed ci_hdrc_remove_device()
usb: core: add option of only authorizing internal devices
usb: typec: tps6598x: handle block writes separately with plain-I2C adapters
usb: xhci: Fix for Enabling USB ROLE SWITCH QUIRK on INTEL_SUNRISEPOINT_LP_XHCI
usb: xhci: fix build warning - missing prototype
usb: xhci: dbc: Fixing typo error.
usb: xhci: remove unused member 'parent' in xhci_regset struct
xhci: tegra: Prevent error pointer dereference
USB: serial: option: add Telit ME910 ECM composition
usb: core: Replace hardcoded check with inline function from usb.h
usb: core: skip interfaces disabled in devicetree
usb: typec: mux: remove redundant check on variable match
...
Here is the big staging/iio driver pull request for 5.1-rc1.
Lots of good IIO driver updates and cleanups in here as always.
Combined with the removal of the xgifb driver, we have a net "loss" of
over 9000 lines in the pull request, always a nice thing.
As the outreachy application process is currently happening, there are
loads of tiny checkpatch cleanup fixes all over the staging tree, which
accounts for the majority of the fixups.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'staging-5.1-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging
Pull staging/IIO updates from Greg KH:
"Here is the big staging/iio driver pull request for 5.1-rc1.
Lots of good IIO driver updates and cleanups in here as always.
Combined with the removal of the xgifb driver, we have a net "loss" of
over 9000 lines in the pull request, always a nice thing.
As the outreachy application process is currently happening, there are
loads of tiny checkpatch cleanup fixes all over the staging tree,
which accounts for the majority of the fixups"
* tag 'staging-5.1-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging: (341 commits)
staging: mt7621-dma: remove license boilerplate text
staging: mt7621-dma: add SPDX GPL-2.0+ license identifier
Staging: ks7010: Replace typecast to int
Staging: vt6655: Align a static function declaration
staging: speakup: fix line over 80 characters.
staging: mt7621-eth: Remove license boilerplate text
staging: mt7621-eth: Add SPDX license identifier
staging: ks7010: removed custom Michael MIC implementation.
staging: rtl8192e: Fix space and suspect issue
Staging: vt6655: Modify comment style of SPDX License Identifier
Staging: vt6655: Modify comment style for SPDX-License-Identifier
Staging: vt6655: Align a function declaration
Staging: vt6655: Alignment of function declaration
staging: rtl8712: Fix indentation issue
staging: wilc1000: fix incorrent type in initializer
staging: rtl8188eu: remove unused P2P_PRIVATE_IOCTL_SET_LEN
staging: rtl8188eu: remove unused enum P2P_PROTO_WK_ID
staging: rtl8723bs: Remove duplicated include from drv_types.h
Staging: vt6655: Alignment should match open parenthesis
staging: erofs: fix mis-acted TAIL merging behavior
...
Here is the big char/misc driver patch pull request for 5.1-rc1.
The largest thing by far is the new habanalabs driver for their AI
accelerator chip. For now it is in the drivers/misc directory but will
probably move to a new directory soon along with other drivers of this
type.
Other than that, just the usual set of individual driver updates and
fixes. There's an "odd" merge in here from the DRM tree that they asked
me to do as the MEI driver is starting to interact with the i915 driver,
and it needed some coordination. All of those patches have been
properly acked by the relevant subsystem maintainers.
All of these have been in linux-next with no reported issues, most for
quite some time.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'char-misc-5.1-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc
Pull char/misc driver updates from Greg KH:
"Here is the big char/misc driver patch pull request for 5.1-rc1.
The largest thing by far is the new habanalabs driver for their AI
accelerator chip. For now it is in the drivers/misc directory but will
probably move to a new directory soon along with other drivers of this
type.
Other than that, just the usual set of individual driver updates and
fixes. There's an "odd" merge in here from the DRM tree that they
asked me to do as the MEI driver is starting to interact with the i915
driver, and it needed some coordination. All of those patches have
been properly acked by the relevant subsystem maintainers.
All of these have been in linux-next with no reported issues, most for
quite some time"
* tag 'char-misc-5.1-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc: (219 commits)
habanalabs: adjust Kconfig to fix build errors
habanalabs: use %px instead of %p in error print
habanalabs: use do_div for 64-bit divisions
intel_th: gth: Fix an off-by-one in output unassigning
habanalabs: fix little-endian<->cpu conversion warnings
habanalabs: use NULL to initialize array of pointers
habanalabs: fix little-endian<->cpu conversion warnings
habanalabs: soft-reset device if context-switch fails
habanalabs: print pointer using %p
habanalabs: fix memory leak with CBs with unaligned size
habanalabs: return correct error code on MMU mapping failure
habanalabs: add comments in uapi/misc/habanalabs.h
habanalabs: extend QMAN0 job timeout
habanalabs: set DMA0 completion to SOB 1007
habanalabs: fix validation of WREG32 to DMA completion
habanalabs: fix mmu cache registers init
habanalabs: disable CPU access on timeouts
habanalabs: add MMU DRAM default page mapping
habanalabs: Dissociate RAZWI info from event types
misc/habanalabs: adjust Kconfig to fix build errors
...
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Merge tag 'leds-for-5.1-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/j.anaszewski/linux-leds
Pull LED updates from Jacek Anaszewski:
- finalize previously announced support for initialization of pattern
triggers from Device Tree
- fix for null deref on firmware load failure in leds-lp55xx-common.c
* tag 'leds-for-5.1-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/j.anaszewski/linux-leds:
leds: lp55xx: fix null deref on firmware load failure
leds: trigger: timer: Add initialization from Device Tree
leds: trigger: oneshot: Add initialization from Device Tree
leds: trigger: pattern: Add pattern initialization from Device Tree
leds: Add helper for getting default pattern from Device Tree
dt-bindings: leds: Add pattern initialization from Device Tree
useful to investigate performance issues. By Kimberly Brown.
2. Switching to the new generic UUID API, by Andy Shevchenko.
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Merge tag 'hyperv-next-signed' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/hyperv/linux into char-misc-next
Sasha writes:
1. Exopsing counters for state changes of channel ring buffers; this is
useful to investigate performance issues. By Kimberly Brown.
2. Switching to the new generic UUID API, by Andy Shevchenko.
* tag 'hyperv-next-signed' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/hyperv/linux:
Drivers: hv: vmbus: Expose counters for interrupts and full conditions
vmbus: Switch to use new generic UUID API
Add a debugfs attribute that allows sending raw commands to the EC.
This is useful for development and debug but should not be enabled
in a production environment.
To test:
Get the EC firmware build date
First send the request command
> echo 00 f0 38 00 03 00 > raw
Then read the result. "12/21/18" is in the middle of the response
> cat raw
00 31 32 2f 32 31 2f 31 38 00 00 0f 01 00 01 00 .12/21/18.......
Get the EC firmware build date
First send the request command
> echo 00 f0 38 00 03 00 > raw
Then read the result. "12/21/18" is in the middle of the response
> cat raw
00 31 32 2f 32 31 2f 31 38 00 00 0f 01 00 01 00 .12/21/18.......
Signed-off-by: Duncan Laurie <dlaurie@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Nick Crews <ncrews@chromium.org>
[Fix off-by-one error in wilco_ec/debugfs.c]
Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Enric Balletbo i Serra <enric.balletbo@collabora.com>
This is useful for moving journal thread into cgroup or
for tracing it with ftrace/perf/blktrace.
For now the only way is `pgrep jbd2/$DISK` but this is not reliable:
name may be longer than "comm" limit and any task could mock it.
Attribute shows pid in current pid-namespace or 0 if task is unreachable.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
These are:
* 2 bugfixes in stm class
* one bugfix in intel_th
* a few minor cleanups
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Merge tag 'intel_th-stm-for-greg-20190221' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ash/stm into char-misc-next
Alexander writes:
stm class/intel_th: Updates for v5.1
These are:
* 2 bugfixes in stm class
* one bugfix in intel_th
* a few minor cleanups
* tag 'intel_th-stm-for-greg-20190221' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ash/stm:
stm class: Prevent division by zero
stm class: Fix an endless loop in channel allocation
intel_th: Don't reference unassigned outputs
intel_th: pti: Use sysfs_match_string() helper
intel_th: Only create useful device nodes
intel_th: Mark expected switch fall-throughs
intel_th: Update ABI documentation
Commit a753bfcfdb ("intel_th: Make the switch allocate its subdevices")
changed the behavior so that the output port devices are created only for
the ports reported by the hardware and their initial state is "unassigned"
until a corresponding output port driver is loaded. Reflect this fact in
the ABI documentation.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Reported-by: Ricardo Neri <ricardo.neri@intel.com>
This patch adds debugfs support to the driver. It allows the user-space to
display information that is contained in the internal structures of the
driver, such as:
- active command submissions
- active user virtual memory mappings
- number of allocated command buffers
It also enables the user to perform reads and writes through Goya's PCI
bars.
Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Oded Gabbay <oded.gabbay@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This patch add the sysfs and hwmon entries that are exposed by the driver.
Goya has several sensors, from various categories such as temperature,
voltage, current, etc. The driver exposes those sensors in the standard
hwmon mechanism.
In addition, the driver exposes a couple of interfaces in sysfs, both for
configuration and for providing status of the device or driver.
The configuration attributes is for Power Management:
- Automatic or manual
- Frequency value when moving to high frequency mode
- Maximum power the device is allowed to consume
The rest of the attributes are read-only and provide the following
information:
- Versions of the various firmwares running on the device
- Contents of the device's EEPROM
- The device type (currently only Goya is supported)
- PCI address of the device (to allow user-space to connect between
/dev/hlX to PCI address)
- Status of the device (operational, malfunction, in_reset)
- How many processes are open on the device's file
Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Oded Gabbay <oded.gabbay@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Counter values for per-channel interrupts and ring buffer full
conditions are useful for investigating performance.
Expose counters in sysfs for 2 types of guest to host interrupts:
1) Interrupts caused by the channel's outbound ring buffer transitioning
from empty to not empty
2) Interrupts caused by the channel's inbound ring buffer transitioning
from full to not full while a packet is waiting for enough buffer space to
become available
Expose 2 counters in sysfs for the number of times that write operations
encountered a full outbound ring buffer:
1) The total number of write operations that encountered a full
condition
2) The number of write operations that were the first to encounter a
full condition
Increment the outbound full condition counters in the
hv_ringbuffer_write() function because, for most drivers, a full
outbound ring buffer is detected in that function. Also increment the
outbound full condition counters in the set_channel_pending_send_size()
function. In the hv_sock driver, a full outbound ring buffer is detected
and set_channel_pending_send_size() is called before
hv_ringbuffer_write() is called.
I tested this patch by confirming that the sysfs files were created and
observing the counter values. The values seemed to increase by a
reasonable amount when the Hyper-v related drivers were in use.
Signed-off-by: Kimberly Brown <kimbrownkd@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael Kelley <mikelley@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
When we umount f2fs, we need to avoid long delay due to discard commands, which
is actually taking tens of seconds, if storage is very slow on UNMAP. So, this
patch introduces timeout-based work on it.
By default, let me give 5 seconds for discard.
Reviewed-by: Chao Yu <yuchao0@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
The sysfs documentation for /sys/bus/usb/.../portX/connect_type has one
of the possible values listed as "wired" when the actual value should be
"hardwired".
Changes the ABI documentation for connect_type to match the strings in
port.c.
Signed-off-by: Jon Flatley <jflat@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
A number of interesting new devices supported plus a good set of staging
cleanup including one graduation and one drop.
New device support
* ad56886
- Add support for AD5674R/AD5679R with some minor driver changes to support
more channels.
* ad7768
- New driver and dt bindings for this 24 bit ADC.
* max44009
- New driver and dt bindings for this ambient light sensor.
* mpu6050
- Support the ICM 20602 IMU. Minor tweaks due to slightly different
register map.
* NPCM adc
- New driver and dt bindings for this BMC ADC.
* Sensiron SGP30
- Modifiers for ethanol and H2.
- New driver and dt bindings.
- Follow patch added self cleaning support.
* Sensiron SPS30
- New channel type for mass concentration.
- New driver and bindings.
- Minor tidy up patch followed (drop fmt specifier as unused)
* st_pressure
- lps22hh support. ID plus information structures and dt bindings.
* ti-ads124s08
- Add binding doc and driver.
Staging graduations
* ad7606 driver and bindings.
Staging drops
* ad7152 CDC driver dropped. This part is near EoL and no one is known
to be using it. If anyone surfaces obviously we can bring the driver
back. If not, good to drop it to avoid wasting anyone's time cleaning
it up.
New features
* bme680
- DT support and bindings doc.
* isl29018
- Add regulator for VCC.
* mag3110
- Add regulators for supplies.
* meson-saradc
- Support the temperature sensors of more SoCs.
* mma8452
- Add regulators for power suplies and binding docs to reflect them.
* st-accel
- Support the undocumented but it seems fairly common _ONT ACPI method
to specify orientation of the sensor.
Cleanup, minor fixes and fixes for staging driver that have been broken a
long time
* ad5933
- Drop platform data alternative to specifying the reference voltage
using a regulator.
- Use the clock framework to contorl the reference clock.
- Add a DT binding doc to cover the defacto binding.
* ad7280a
- Split up some big functions to improve readability.
* ad7606
- Allow for timeout if interrupt never occurs.
- Use devm functions to simplify probe and remove.
- Use the find_closest macro to avoid need for precise values from
userspace.
- Add missing vendor prefixes for various DT properties. Note the
driver is in staging still and there are no known devicetrees.
- Add explict OF device ID table.
- Simplify the Kconfig choices
- Change to a threaded IRQ.
- SPDX and simple stype fixes.
* ad7816
- Drop unnecessary variable init.
* ad9523
- Check a return value that was ignored.
* ad9833
- Drop platform data. It was just setting most values to the hardware
defaults.
- Use the clock framework to provide the input clock.
* adt7316 (lots of staging cleanup)
- Fix some wrong register / bit definitions
- Invert the logic of the check for an ldac pin so it actually makes sense.
- Read the right register to get internal vref settings
- Allow adt751x chips to use the internal vref for all DAC channels rather
than a subset.
- Remove dac vref bypass control from parts that don't have one.
- Make the store DAC update mode function consistent with the show one.
- Fix some spellings and other minor tidy up.
- Avoid passing irq numbers around by putting all the irq logic in
one place.
- Fix an issue with the resolution of DAC control.
- Fix support of the high resolution DAC mode (for temp proportional output)
where supported.
- Fix DAC read and write calculations.
* st_lsm6dsx
- Drop an unused variable (set but not read)
* xilinx-xadc
- Check an unhandled return value.
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Merge tag 'iio-for-5.1a' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jic23/iio into staging-next
Jonathan writes:
First set of new device support, features and cleanup for IIO in the 5.1 cycle
A number of interesting new devices supported plus a good set of staging
cleanup including one graduation and one drop.
New device support
* ad56886
- Add support for AD5674R/AD5679R with some minor driver changes to support
more channels.
* ad7768
- New driver and dt bindings for this 24 bit ADC.
* max44009
- New driver and dt bindings for this ambient light sensor.
* mpu6050
- Support the ICM 20602 IMU. Minor tweaks due to slightly different
register map.
* NPCM adc
- New driver and dt bindings for this BMC ADC.
* Sensiron SGP30
- Modifiers for ethanol and H2.
- New driver and dt bindings.
- Follow patch added self cleaning support.
* Sensiron SPS30
- New channel type for mass concentration.
- New driver and bindings.
- Minor tidy up patch followed (drop fmt specifier as unused)
* st_pressure
- lps22hh support. ID plus information structures and dt bindings.
* ti-ads124s08
- Add binding doc and driver.
Staging graduations
* ad7606 driver and bindings.
Staging drops
* ad7152 CDC driver dropped. This part is near EoL and no one is known
to be using it. If anyone surfaces obviously we can bring the driver
back. If not, good to drop it to avoid wasting anyone's time cleaning
it up.
New features
* bme680
- DT support and bindings doc.
* isl29018
- Add regulator for VCC.
* mag3110
- Add regulators for supplies.
* meson-saradc
- Support the temperature sensors of more SoCs.
* mma8452
- Add regulators for power suplies and binding docs to reflect them.
* st-accel
- Support the undocumented but it seems fairly common _ONT ACPI method
to specify orientation of the sensor.
Cleanup, minor fixes and fixes for staging driver that have been broken a
long time
* ad5933
- Drop platform data alternative to specifying the reference voltage
using a regulator.
- Use the clock framework to contorl the reference clock.
- Add a DT binding doc to cover the defacto binding.
* ad7280a
- Split up some big functions to improve readability.
* ad7606
- Allow for timeout if interrupt never occurs.
- Use devm functions to simplify probe and remove.
- Use the find_closest macro to avoid need for precise values from
userspace.
- Add missing vendor prefixes for various DT properties. Note the
driver is in staging still and there are no known devicetrees.
- Add explict OF device ID table.
- Simplify the Kconfig choices
- Change to a threaded IRQ.
- SPDX and simple stype fixes.
* ad7816
- Drop unnecessary variable init.
* ad9523
- Check a return value that was ignored.
* ad9833
- Drop platform data. It was just setting most values to the hardware
defaults.
- Use the clock framework to provide the input clock.
* adt7316 (lots of staging cleanup)
- Fix some wrong register / bit definitions
- Invert the logic of the check for an ldac pin so it actually makes sense.
- Read the right register to get internal vref settings
- Allow adt751x chips to use the internal vref for all DAC channels rather
than a subset.
- Remove dac vref bypass control from parts that don't have one.
- Make the store DAC update mode function consistent with the show one.
- Fix some spellings and other minor tidy up.
- Avoid passing irq numbers around by putting all the irq logic in
one place.
- Fix an issue with the resolution of DAC control.
- Fix support of the high resolution DAC mode (for temp proportional output)
where supported.
- Fix DAC read and write calculations.
* st_lsm6dsx
- Drop an unused variable (set but not read)
* xilinx-xadc
- Check an unhandled return value.
* tag 'iio-for-5.1a' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jic23/iio: (67 commits)
iio: chemical: sps30: remove printk format specifier
staging: iio: frequency: ad9833: Load clock using clock framework
staging: iio: frequency: ad9833: Get frequency value statically
dt-bindings: iio: light: Add max44009
iio: light: add driver for MAX44009
dt-bindings: iio: adc: Add docs for AD7768-1
iio: adc: Add AD7768-1 ADC basic support
staging: iio: cdc: ad7152: remove driver completely
iio: imu: mpu6050: Add support for the ICM 20602 IMU
dt-bindings: iio: imu: add icm20602 bindings to mpu6050
dt-bindings: iio: pressure: add LPS22HH bindings
iio: st_accel: use ACPI orientation data
iio: adc: add NPCM ADC driver
dt-binding: iio: add NPCM ADC documentation
iio: chemical: sps30: allow changing self cleaning period
dt-bindings: iio: chemical: Add bindings for bme680
iio: chemical: bme680: Add device-tree support
iio:st_pressure:initial lps22hh sensor support
iio: accell: mma8452: add vdd/vddio regulator operation support
dt-bindings: iio: accel: mma8452: add power supplies property
...
The entire way how cros debugfs attibutes are created is broken.
cros_ec_sysfs should be its own driver and its attributes should be
associated with the sysfs driver not the mfd driver.
The patch also adds the sysfs documentation.
Signed-off-by: Enric Balletbo i Serra <enric.balletbo@collabora.com>
Reviewed-by: Guenter Roeck <groeck@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Lee Jones <lee.jones@linaro.org>
The entire way how cros sysfs attibutes are created is broken.
cros_ec_vbc should be its own driver and its attributes should be
associated with a vbc driver not the mfd driver. In order to retain
the path, the vbc attributes are attached to the cros_class.
The patch also adds the sysfs documentation.
Signed-off-by: Enric Balletbo i Serra <enric.balletbo@collabora.com>
Reviewed-by: Guenter Roeck <groeck@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Lee Jones <lee.jones@linaro.org>
The entire way how cros sysfs attibutes are created is broken.
cros_ec_lightbar should be its own driver and its attributes should be
associated with a lightbar driver not the mfd driver. In order to retain
the path, the lightbar attributes are attached to the cros_class.
The patch also adds the sysfs documentation.
Signed-off-by: Enric Balletbo i Serra <enric.balletbo@collabora.com>
Reviewed-by: Guenter Roeck <groeck@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Lee Jones <lee.jones@linaro.org>
The mlxreg-io for the merge window assumed 4.21 as the next kernel
version. Replace 4.21 with 5.0.
Signed-off-by: Darren Hart (VMware) <dvhart@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andy.shevchenko@gmail.com>
Add documentation for the new attribute fan_dir (fan direction for
systems of types MQM87xx, MSN34xx, MSN37xx.
Signed-off-by: Vadim Pasternak <vadimp@mellanox.com>
[dvhart: minor gramatical correction]
Signed-off-by: Darren Hart (VMware) <dvhart@infradead.org>
The mlxreg-io for the merge window assumed 4.21 as the next kernel
version. Replace 4.21 with 5.0.
Signed-off-by: Darren Hart (VMware) <dvhart@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andy.shevchenko@gmail.com>
Sensor can periodically trigger self cleaning. Period can be changed by
writing a new value to a dedicated attribute. Upon attribute read
current period gets returned.
Signed-off-by: Tomasz Duszynski <tduszyns@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Cameron <Jonathan.Cameron@huawei.com>
The fake signal is send automatically now. We can rely on it completely
and remove the sysfs attribute.
Signed-off-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Document new led-pattern property for initialization of LED triggers.
The property format is trigger-specific (except being array of
integers). For pattern trigger, the explanation of pattern format was
moved to a common file shared with sysfs ABI.
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Reviewed-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jacek Anaszewski <jacek.anaszewski@gmail.com>
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Merge tag 'for-linus-20190112' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block
Pull block fixes from Jens Axboe:
- NVMe pull request from Christoph, with little fixes all over the map
- Loop caching fix for offset/bs change (Jaegeuk Kim)
- Block documentation tweaks (Jeff, Jon, Weiping, John)
- null_blk zoned tweak (John)
- ahch mvebu suspend/resume support. Should have gone into the merge
window, but there was some confusion on which tree had it. (Miquel)
* tag 'for-linus-20190112' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (22 commits)
ata: ahci: mvebu: request PHY suspend/resume for Armada 3700
ata: ahci: mvebu: add Armada 3700 initialization needed for S2RAM
ata: ahci: mvebu: do Armada 38x configuration only on relevant SoCs
ata: ahci: mvebu: remove stale comment
ata: libahci_platform: comply to PHY framework
loop: drop caches if offset or block_size are changed
block: fix kerneldoc comment for blk_attempt_plug_merge()
nvme: don't initlialize ctrl->cntlid twice
nvme: introduce NVME_QUIRK_IGNORE_DEV_SUBNQN
nvme: pad fake subsys NQN vid and ssvid with zeros
nvme-multipath: zero out ANA log buffer
nvme-fabrics: unset write/poll queues for discovery controllers
nvme-tcp: don't ask if controller is fabrics
nvme-tcp: remove dead code
nvme-pci: fix out of bounds access in nvme_cqe_pending
nvme-pci: rerun irq setup on IO queue init errors
nvme-pci: use the same attributes when freeing host_mem_desc_bufs.
nvme-pci: fix the wrong setting of nr_maps
block: doc: add slice_idle_us to bfq documentation
block: clarify documentation for blk_{start|finish}_plug
...
This patch includes some fixes and cleanup for idle-page writeback.
1. writeback_limit interface
Now writeback_limit interface is rather conusing. For example, once
writeback limit budget is exausted, admin can see 0 from
/sys/block/zramX/writeback_limit which is same semantic with disable
writeback_limit at this moment. IOW, admin cannot tell that zero came
from disable writeback limit or exausted writeback limit.
To make the interface clear, let's sepatate enable of writeback limit to
another knob - /sys/block/zram0/writeback_limit_enable
* before:
while true :
# to re-enable writeback limit once previous one is used up
echo 0 > /sys/block/zram0/writeback_limit
echo $((200<<20)) > /sys/block/zram0/writeback_limit
..
.. # used up the writeback limit budget
* new
# To enable writeback limit, from the beginning, admin should
# enable it.
echo $((200<<20)) > /sys/block/zram0/writeback_limit
echo 1 > /sys/block/zram/0/writeback_limit_enable
while true :
echo $((200<<20)) > /sys/block/zram0/writeback_limit
..
.. # used up the writeback limit budget
It's much strightforward.
2. fix condition check idle/huge writeback mode check
The mode in writeback_store is not bit opeartion any more so no need to
use bit operations. Furthermore, current condition check is broken in
that it does writeback every pages regardless of huge/idle.
3. clean up idle_store
No need to use goto.
[minchan@kernel.org: missed spin_lock_init]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190103001601.GA255139@google.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181224033529.19450-1-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: John Dias <joaodias@google.com>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com>
Cc: John Dias <joaodias@google.com>
Cc: Srinivas Paladugu <srnvs@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On the expectation that some environments may not upgrade libdaxctl
(userspace component that depends on the /sys/class/dax hierarchy),
provide a default / legacy dax_pmem_compat driver. The dax_pmem_compat
driver implements the original /sys/class/dax sysfs layout rather than
/sys/bus/dax. When userspace is upgraded it can blacklist this module
and switch to the dax_pmem driver going forward.
CONFIG_DEV_DAX_PMEM_COMPAT and supporting code will be deleted according
to the dax_pmem entry in Documentation/ABI/obsolete/.
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Self cleaning is especially useful in cases where sensor undergoes
frequent power on/off cycles. In such scenarios it is recommended to
turn self cleaning at least once per week in order to maintain reliable
measurements.
Self cleaning is activated by writing 1 to a dedicated attribute.
Internal fan accelerates to its maximum speed and keeps spinning
for about 10 seconds blowing out accumulated dust.
Signed-off-by: Tomasz Duszynski <tduszyns@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Andreas Brauchli <andreas.brauchli@sensirion.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Cameron <Jonathan.Cameron@huawei.com>
In this round, we've focused on bug fixes since Pixel devices have been
shipping with f2fs. Some of them were related to hardware encryption support
which are actually not an issue in mainline, but would be better to merge
them in order to avoid potential bugs.
Enhancement:
- do GC sub-sections when the section is large
- add a flag in ioctl(SHUTDOWN) to trigger fsck for QA
- use kvmalloc() in order to give another chance to avoid ENOMEM
Bug fix:
- fix accessing memory boundaries in a malformed iamge
- GC gives stale unencrypted block
- GC counts in large sections
- detect idle time more precisely
- block allocation of DIO writes
- race conditions between write_begin and write_checkpoint
- allow GCs for node segments via ioctl()
There are various clean-ups and minor bug fixes as well.
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Merge tag 'f2fs-for-4.21' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jaegeuk/f2fs
Pull f2fs updates from Jaegeuk Kim:
"In this round, we've focused on bug fixes since Pixel devices have
been shipping with f2fs. Some of them were related to hardware
encryption support which are actually not an issue in mainline, but
would be better to merge them in order to avoid potential bugs.
Enhancements:
- do GC sub-sections when the section is large
- add a flag in ioctl(SHUTDOWN) to trigger fsck for QA
- use kvmalloc() in order to give another chance to avoid ENOMEM
Bug fixes:
- fix accessing memory boundaries in a malformed iamge
- GC gives stale unencrypted block
- GC counts in large sections
- detect idle time more precisely
- block allocation of DIO writes
- race conditions between write_begin and write_checkpoint
- allow GCs for node segments via ioctl()
There are various clean-ups and minor bug fixes as well"
* tag 'f2fs-for-4.21' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jaegeuk/f2fs: (43 commits)
f2fs: sanity check of xattr entry size
f2fs: fix use-after-free issue when accessing sbi->stat_info
f2fs: check PageWriteback flag for ordered case
f2fs: fix validation of the block count in sanity_check_raw_super
f2fs: fix missing unlock(sbi->gc_mutex)
f2fs: fix to dirty inode synchronously
f2fs: clean up structure extent_node
f2fs: fix block address for __check_sit_bitmap
f2fs: fix sbi->extent_list corruption issue
f2fs: clean up checkpoint flow
f2fs: flush stale issued discard candidates
f2fs: correct wrong spelling, issing_*
f2fs: use kvmalloc, if kmalloc is failed
f2fs: remove redundant comment of unused wio_mutex
f2fs: fix to reorder set_page_dirty and wait_on_page_writeback
f2fs: clear PG_writeback if IPU failed
f2fs: add an ioctl() to explicitly trigger fsck later
f2fs: avoid frequent costly fsck triggers
f2fs: fix m_may_create to make OPU DIO write correctly
f2fs: fix to update new block address correctly for OPU
...
Here is the big set of char and misc driver patches for 4.21-rc1.
Lots of different types of driver things in here, as this tree seems to
be the "collection of various driver subsystems not big enough to have
their own git tree" lately.
Anyway, some highlights of the changes in here:
- binderfs: is it a rule that all driver subsystems will eventually
grow to have their own filesystem? Binder now has one to handle the
use of it in containerized systems. This was discussed at the
Plumbers conference a few months ago and knocked into mergable shape
very fast by Christian Brauner. Who also has signed up to be
another binder maintainer, showing a distinct lack of good judgement :)
- binder updates and fixes
- mei driver updates
- fpga driver updates and additions
- thunderbolt driver updates
- soundwire driver updates
- extcon driver updates
- nvmem driver updates
- hyper-v driver updates
- coresight driver updates
- pvpanic driver additions and reworking for more device support
- lp driver updates. Yes really, it's _finally_ moved to the proper
parallal port driver model, something I never thought I would see
happen. Good stuff.
- other tiny driver updates and fixes.
All of these have been in linux-next for a while with no reported
issues.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'char-misc-4.21-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc
Pull char/misc driver updates from Greg KH:
"Here is the big set of char and misc driver patches for 4.21-rc1.
Lots of different types of driver things in here, as this tree seems
to be the "collection of various driver subsystems not big enough to
have their own git tree" lately.
Anyway, some highlights of the changes in here:
- binderfs: is it a rule that all driver subsystems will eventually
grow to have their own filesystem? Binder now has one to handle the
use of it in containerized systems.
This was discussed at the Plumbers conference a few months ago and
knocked into mergable shape very fast by Christian Brauner. Who
also has signed up to be another binder maintainer, showing a
distinct lack of good judgement :)
- binder updates and fixes
- mei driver updates
- fpga driver updates and additions
- thunderbolt driver updates
- soundwire driver updates
- extcon driver updates
- nvmem driver updates
- hyper-v driver updates
- coresight driver updates
- pvpanic driver additions and reworking for more device support
- lp driver updates. Yes really, it's _finally_ moved to the proper
parallal port driver model, something I never thought I would see
happen. Good stuff.
- other tiny driver updates and fixes.
All of these have been in linux-next for a while with no reported
issues"
* tag 'char-misc-4.21-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc: (116 commits)
MAINTAINERS: add another Android binder maintainer
intel_th: msu: Fix an off-by-one in attribute store
stm class: Add a reference to the SyS-T document
stm class: Fix a module refcount leak in policy creation error path
char: lp: use new parport device model
char: lp: properly count the lp devices
char: lp: use first unused lp number while registering
char: lp: detach the device when parallel port is removed
char: lp: introduce list to save port number
bus: qcom: remove duplicated include from qcom-ebi2.c
VMCI: Use memdup_user() rather than duplicating its implementation
char/rtc: Use of_node_name_eq for node name comparisons
misc: mic: fix a DMA pool free failure
ptp: fix an IS_ERR() vs NULL check
genwqe: Fix size check
binder: implement binderfs
binder: fix use-after-free due to ksys_close() during fdget()
bus: fsl-mc: remove duplicated include files
bus: fsl-mc: explicitly define the fsl_mc_command endianness
misc: ti-st: make array read_ver_cmd static, shrinks object size
...
Merge misc updates from Andrew Morton:
- large KASAN update to use arm's "software tag-based mode"
- a few misc things
- sh updates
- ocfs2 updates
- just about all of MM
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (167 commits)
kernel/fork.c: mark 'stack_vm_area' with __maybe_unused
memcg, oom: notify on oom killer invocation from the charge path
mm, swap: fix swapoff with KSM pages
include/linux/gfp.h: fix typo
mm/hmm: fix memremap.h, move dev_page_fault_t callback to hmm
hugetlbfs: Use i_mmap_rwsem to fix page fault/truncate race
hugetlbfs: use i_mmap_rwsem for more pmd sharing synchronization
memory_hotplug: add missing newlines to debugging output
mm: remove __hugepage_set_anon_rmap()
include/linux/vmstat.h: remove unused page state adjustment macro
mm/page_alloc.c: allow error injection
mm: migrate: drop unused argument of migrate_page_move_mapping()
blkdev: avoid migration stalls for blkdev pages
mm: migrate: provide buffer_migrate_page_norefs()
mm: migrate: move migrate_page_lock_buffers()
mm: migrate: lock buffers before migrate_page_move_mapping()
mm: migration: factor out code to compute expected number of page references
mm, page_alloc: enable pcpu_drain with zone capability
kmemleak: add config to select auto scan
mm/page_alloc.c: don't call kasan_free_pages() at deferred mem init
...
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Merge tag 'for-4.21/block-20181221' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block
Pull block updates from Jens Axboe:
"This is the main pull request for block/storage for 4.21.
Larger than usual, it was a busy round with lots of goodies queued up.
Most notable is the removal of the old IO stack, which has been a long
time coming. No new features for a while, everything coming in this
week has all been fixes for things that were previously merged.
This contains:
- Use atomic counters instead of semaphores for mtip32xx (Arnd)
- Cleanup of the mtip32xx request setup (Christoph)
- Fix for circular locking dependency in loop (Jan, Tetsuo)
- bcache (Coly, Guoju, Shenghui)
* Optimizations for writeback caching
* Various fixes and improvements
- nvme (Chaitanya, Christoph, Sagi, Jay, me, Keith)
* host and target support for NVMe over TCP
* Error log page support
* Support for separate read/write/poll queues
* Much improved polling
* discard OOM fallback
* Tracepoint improvements
- lightnvm (Hans, Hua, Igor, Matias, Javier)
* Igor added packed metadata to pblk. Now drives without metadata
per LBA can be used as well.
* Fix from Geert on uninitialized value on chunk metadata reads.
* Fixes from Hans and Javier to pblk recovery and write path.
* Fix from Hua Su to fix a race condition in the pblk recovery
code.
* Scan optimization added to pblk recovery from Zhoujie.
* Small geometry cleanup from me.
- Conversion of the last few drivers that used the legacy path to
blk-mq (me)
- Removal of legacy IO path in SCSI (me, Christoph)
- Removal of legacy IO stack and schedulers (me)
- Support for much better polling, now without interrupts at all.
blk-mq adds support for multiple queue maps, which enables us to
have a map per type. This in turn enables nvme to have separate
completion queues for polling, which can then be interrupt-less.
Also means we're ready for async polled IO, which is hopefully
coming in the next release.
- Killing of (now) unused block exports (Christoph)
- Unification of the blk-rq-qos and blk-wbt wait handling (Josef)
- Support for zoned testing with null_blk (Masato)
- sx8 conversion to per-host tag sets (Christoph)
- IO priority improvements (Damien)
- mq-deadline zoned fix (Damien)
- Ref count blkcg series (Dennis)
- Lots of blk-mq improvements and speedups (me)
- sbitmap scalability improvements (me)
- Make core inflight IO accounting per-cpu (Mikulas)
- Export timeout setting in sysfs (Weiping)
- Cleanup the direct issue path (Jianchao)
- Export blk-wbt internals in block debugfs for easier debugging
(Ming)
- Lots of other fixes and improvements"
* tag 'for-4.21/block-20181221' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (364 commits)
kyber: use sbitmap add_wait_queue/list_del wait helpers
sbitmap: add helpers for add/del wait queue handling
block: save irq state in blkg_lookup_create()
dm: don't reuse bio for flushes
nvme-pci: trace SQ status on completions
nvme-rdma: implement polling queue map
nvme-fabrics: allow user to pass in nr_poll_queues
nvme-fabrics: allow nvmf_connect_io_queue to poll
nvme-core: optionally poll sync commands
block: make request_to_qc_t public
nvme-tcp: fix spelling mistake "attepmpt" -> "attempt"
nvme-tcp: fix endianess annotations
nvmet-tcp: fix endianess annotations
nvme-pci: refactor nvme_poll_irqdisable to make sparse happy
nvme-pci: only set nr_maps to 2 if poll queues are supported
nvmet: use a macro for default error location
nvmet: fix comparison of a u16 with -1
blk-mq: enable IO poll if .nr_queues of type poll > 0
blk-mq: change blk_mq_queue_busy() to blk_mq_queue_inflight()
blk-mq: skip zero-queue maps in blk_mq_map_swqueue
...
If there are lots of write IO with flash device, it could have a
wearout problem of storage. To overcome the problem, admin needs
to design write limitation to guarantee flash health
for entire product life.
This patch creates a new knob "writeback_limit" for zram.
writeback_limit's default value is 0 so that it doesn't limit
any writeback. If admin want to measure writeback count in a
certain period, he could know it via /sys/block/zram0/bd_stat's
3rd column.
If admin want to limit writeback as per-day 400M, he could do it
like below.
MB_SHIFT=20
4K_SHIFT=12
echo $((400<<MB_SHIFT>>4K_SHIFT)) > \
/sys/block/zram0/writeback_limit.
If admin want to allow further write again, he could do it like below
echo 0 > /sys/block/zram0/writeback_limit
If admin want to see remaining writeback budget,
cat /sys/block/zram0/writeback_limit
The writeback_limit count will reset whenever you reset zram (e.g., system
reboot, echo 1 > /sys/block/zramX/reset) so keeping how many of writeback
happened until you reset the zram to allocate extra writeback budget in
next setting is user's job.
[minchan@kernel.org: v4]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181203024045.153534-8-minchan@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181127055429.251614-8-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Joey Pabalinas <joeypabalinas@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
bd_stat represents things that happened in the backing device. Currently
it supports bd_counts, bd_reads and bd_writes which are helpful to
understand wearout of flash and memory saving.
[minchan@kernel.org: v4]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181203024045.153534-7-minchan@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181127055429.251614-7-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Joey Pabalinas <joeypabalinas@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a new feature "zram idle/huge page writeback". In the zram-swap use
case, zram usually has many idle/huge swap pages. It's pointless to keep
them in memory (ie, zram).
To solve this problem, this feature introduces idle/huge page writeback to
the backing device so the goal is to save more memory space on embedded
systems.
Normal sequence to use idle/huge page writeback feature is as follows,
while (1) {
# mark allocated zram slot to idle
echo all > /sys/block/zram0/idle
# leave system working for several hours
# Unless there is no access for some blocks on zram,
# they are still IDLE marked pages.
echo "idle" > /sys/block/zram0/writeback
or/and
echo "huge" > /sys/block/zram0/writeback
# write the IDLE or/and huge marked slot into backing device
# and free the memory.
}
Per the discussion at
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20181122065926.GG3441@jagdpanzerIV/T/#u,
This patch removes direct incommpressibe page writeback feature
(d2afd25114f4 ("zram: write incompressible pages to backing device")).
Below concerns from Sergey:
== &< ==
"IDLE writeback" is superior to "incompressible writeback".
"incompressible writeback" is completely unpredictable and uncontrollable;
it depens on data patterns and compression algorithms. While "IDLE
writeback" is predictable.
I even suspect, that, *ideally*, we can remove "incompressible writeback".
"IDLE pages" is a super set which also includes "incompressible" pages.
So, technically, we still can do "incompressible writeback" from "IDLE
writeback" path; but a much more reasonable one, based on a page idling
period.
I understand that you want to keep "direct incompressible writeback"
around. ZRAM is especially popular on devices which do suffer from flash
wearout, so I can see "incompressible writeback" path becoming a dead
code, long term.
== &< ==
Below concerns from Minchan:
== &< ==
My concern is if we enable CONFIG_ZRAM_WRITEBACK in this implementation,
both hugepage/idlepage writeck will turn on. However someuser want to
enable only idlepage writeback so we need to introduce turn on/off knob
for hugepage or new CONFIG_ZRAM_IDLEPAGE_WRITEBACK for those usecase. I
don't want to make it complicated *if possible*.
Long term, I imagine we need to make VM aware of new swap hierarchy a
little bit different with as-is. For example, first high priority swap
can return -EIO or -ENOCOMP, swap try to fallback to next lower priority
swap device. With that, hugepage writeback will work tranparently.
So we could regard it as regression because incompressible pages doesn't
go to backing storage automatically. Instead, user should do it via "echo
huge" > /sys/block/zram/writeback" manually.
== &< ==
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181127055429.251614-6-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Joey Pabalinas <joeypabalinas@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
To support idle page writeback with upcoming patches, this patch
introduces a new ZRAM_IDLE flag.
Userspace can mark zram slots as "idle" via
"echo all > /sys/block/zramX/idle"
which marks every allocated zram slot as ZRAM_IDLE.
User could see it by /sys/kernel/debug/zram/zram0/block_state.
300 75.033841 ...i
301 63.806904 s..i
302 63.806919 ..hi
Once there is IO for the slot, the mark will be disappeared.
300 75.033841 ...
301 63.806904 s..i
302 63.806919 ..hi
Therefore, 300th block is idle zpage. With this feature,
user can how many zram has idle pages which are waste of memory.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181127055429.251614-5-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Joey Pabalinas <joeypabalinas@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
- Introduce "software nodes", analogous to the DT and ACPI firmware
nodes except that they can be created by kernel code, in order to
complement fwnodes representing real firmware nodes when they are
incomplete (for example missing device properties) and to supply
the primary fwnode when the firmware lacks hardware description
for a device completely, and replace the "property_set" struct
fwnode_handle type with software nodes (Heikki Krogerus).
- Clean up the just introduced software nodes support and fix a commet
in the graph-handling code (Colin Ian King, Marco Felsch).
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Merge tag 'devprop-4.21-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm
Pull device properties framework updates from Rafael Wysocki:
"This introduces 'software nodes' that are analogous to the DT and ACPI
firmware nodes except that they can be created by drivers themselves
and do a couple of assorted cleanups.
Specifics:
- Introduce "software nodes", analogous to the DT and ACPI firmware
nodes except that they can be created by kernel code, in order to
complement fwnodes representing real firmware nodes when they are
incomplete (for example missing device properties) and to supply
the primary fwnode when the firmware lacks hardware description for
a device completely, and replace the "property_set" struct
fwnode_handle type with software nodes (Heikki Krogerus).
- Clean up the just introduced software nodes support and fix a
commet in the graph-handling code (Colin Ian King, Marco Felsch)"
* tag 'devprop-4.21-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm:
device property: fix fwnode_graph_get_next_endpoint() documentation
drivers: base: swnode: remove need for a temporary string for the node name
device property: Remove struct property_set
device property: Move device_add_properties() to swnode.c
drivers: base: Introducing software nodes to the firmware node framework
ACPI / glue: Add acpi_platform_notify() function
drivers core: Prepare support for multiple platform notifications
driver core: platform: Remove duplicated device_remove_properties() call
- Add sysadmin documentation for cpuidle (Rafael Wysocki).
- Make it possible to specify a cpuidle governor from kernel
command line, add new cpuidle state sysfs attributes for
governor evaluation, and improve the "polling" idle state
handling (Rafael Wysocki).
- Fix the handling of the "required-opps" DT property in the
operating performance points (OPP) framework, improve the
integration of it with the generic power domains (genpd)
framework, improve the handling of performance states in
them and clean up the idle states vs performance states
separation in genpd (Viresh Kumar, Ulf Hansson).
- Add a cpufreq driver called "qcom-hw" for Qualcomm SoCs using
a hardware engine to control CPU frequency transitions along
with DT bindings for it (Taniya Das).
- Fix an intel_pstate driver issue related to CPU offline and
update the documentation of it (Srinivas Pandruvada).
- Clean up the imx6q cpufreq driver (Anson Huang).
- Add SPDX license IDs to cpufreq schedutil governor files (Daniel
Lezcano).
- Switch over the runtime PM framework to using high-res timers
for device autosuspend to allow the control of it to be more
precise (Vincent Guittot).
- Disable non-wakeup ACPI GPEs during suspend-to-idle so that they
don't prevent the system from reaching the target low-power state
and simplify the suspend-to-idle handling on ACPI platforms
without full Low-Power S0 Idle (LPS0) support (Rafael Wysocki).
- Add system-wide suspend and resume support to the devfreq
framework (Lukasz Luba).
- Clean up the SmartReflex adaptive voltage scaling (AVS) driver and
add an SPDX license ID to it (Nishanth Menon, Uwe Kleine-König,
Thomas Meyer).
- Get rid of code duplication by using the DEFINE_SHOW_ATTRIBUTE
macro in some places, fix some DT node refcount leaks, and do
some other janitorial cleanups (Yangtao Li).
- Update the cpupower, intel_pstate_tracer and turbosat utilities
(Abhishek Goel, Doug Smythies, Len Brown).
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Merge tag 'pm-4.21-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm
Pull power management updates from Rafael Wysocki:
"These add sysadmin documentation for cpuidle, extend the cpuidle
subsystem somewhat, improve the handling of performance states in the
generic power domains (genpd) and operating performance points (OPP)
frameworks, add a new cpufreq driver for Qualcomm SoCs, update some
other cpufreq drivers, switch over the runtime PM framework to using
high-res timers for device autosuspend, fix a problem with
suspend-to-idle on ACPI-based platforms, add system-wide suspend and
resume handling to the devfreq framework, do some janitorial cleanups
all over and update some utilities.
Specifics:
- Add sysadmin documentation for cpuidle (Rafael Wysocki).
- Make it possible to specify a cpuidle governor from kernel command
line, add new cpuidle state sysfs attributes for governor
evaluation, and improve the "polling" idle state handling (Rafael
Wysocki).
- Fix the handling of the "required-opps" DT property in the
operating performance points (OPP) framework, improve the
integration of it with the generic power domains (genpd) framework,
improve the handling of performance states in them and clean up the
idle states vs performance states separation in genpd (Viresh
Kumar, Ulf Hansson).
- Add a cpufreq driver called "qcom-hw" for Qualcomm SoCs using a
hardware engine to control CPU frequency transitions along with DT
bindings for it (Taniya Das).
- Fix an intel_pstate driver issue related to CPU offline and update
the documentation of it (Srinivas Pandruvada).
- Clean up the imx6q cpufreq driver (Anson Huang).
- Add SPDX license IDs to cpufreq schedutil governor files (Daniel
Lezcano).
- Switch over the runtime PM framework to using high-res timers for
device autosuspend to allow the control of it to be more precise
(Vincent Guittot).
- Disable non-wakeup ACPI GPEs during suspend-to-idle so that they
don't prevent the system from reaching the target low-power state
and simplify the suspend-to-idle handling on ACPI platforms without
full Low-Power S0 Idle (LPS0) support (Rafael Wysocki).
- Add system-wide suspend and resume support to the devfreq framework
(Lukasz Luba).
- Clean up the SmartReflex adaptive voltage scaling (AVS) driver and
add an SPDX license ID to it (Nishanth Menon, Uwe Kleine-König,
Thomas Meyer).
- Get rid of code duplication by using the DEFINE_SHOW_ATTRIBUTE
macro in some places, fix some DT node refcount leaks, and do some
other janitorial cleanups (Yangtao Li).
- Update the cpupower, intel_pstate_tracer and turbosat utilities
(Abhishek Goel, Doug Smythies, Len Brown)"
* tag 'pm-4.21-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm: (54 commits)
PM / Domains: remove define_genpd_open_function() and define_genpd_debugfs_fops()
PM-runtime: Switch autosuspend over to using hrtimers
cpufreq: qcom-hw: Add support for QCOM cpufreq HW driver
dt-bindings: cpufreq: Introduce QCOM cpufreq firmware bindings
ACPI: PM: Loop in full LPS0 mode only
ACPI: EC / PM: Disable non-wakeup GPEs for suspend-to-idle
tools/power/x86/intel_pstate_tracer: Fix non root execution for post processing a trace file
tools/power turbostat: consolidate duplicate model numbers
tools/power turbostat: fix goldmont C-state limit decoding
PM / Domains: Propagate performance state updates
PM / Domains: Factorize dev_pm_genpd_set_performance_state()
PM / Domains: Save OPP table pointer in genpd
OPP: Don't return 0 on error from of_get_required_opp_performance_state()
OPP: Add dev_pm_opp_xlate_performance_state() helper
OPP: Improve _find_table_of_opp_np()
PM / Domains: Make genpd performance states orthogonal to the idlestates
PM / sleep: convert to DEFINE_SHOW_ATTRIBUTE
cpuidle: Add 'above' and 'below' idle state metrics
PM / AVS: SmartReflex: Switch to SPDX Licence ID
PM / AVS: SmartReflex: NULL check before some freeing functions is not needed
...
Linus Torvalds