We currently have two ways to account traffic in netfilter:
- iptables chain and rule counters:
# iptables -L -n -v
Chain INPUT (policy DROP 3 packets, 867 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
8 1104 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
- use flow-based accounting provided by ctnetlink:
# conntrack -L
tcp 6 431999 ESTABLISHED src=192.168.1.130 dst=212.106.219.168 sport=58152 dport=80 packets=47 bytes=7654 src=212.106.219.168 dst=192.168.1.130 sport=80 dport=58152 packets=49 bytes=66340 [ASSURED] mark=0 use=1
While trying to display real-time accounting statistics, we require
to pool the kernel periodically to obtain this information. This is
OK if the number of flows is relatively low. However, in case that
the number of flows is huge, we can spend a considerable amount of
cycles to iterate over the list of flows that have been obtained.
Moreover, if we want to obtain the sum of the flow accounting results
that match some criteria, we have to iterate over the whole list of
existing flows, look for matchings and update the counters.
This patch adds the extended accounting infrastructure for
nfnetlink which aims to allow displaying real-time traffic accounting
without the need of complicated and resource-consuming implementation
in user-space. Basically, this new infrastructure allows you to create
accounting objects. One accounting object is composed of packet and
byte counters.
In order to manipulate create accounting objects, you require the
new libnetfilter_acct library. It contains several examples of use:
libnetfilter_acct/examples# ./nfacct-add http-traffic
libnetfilter_acct/examples# ./nfacct-get
http-traffic = { pkts = 000000000000, bytes = 000000000000 };
Then, you can use one of this accounting objects in several iptables
rules using the new nfacct match (which comes in a follow-up patch):
# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --sport 80 -m nfacct --nfacct-name http-traffic
# iptables -I OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -m nfacct --nfacct-name http-traffic
The idea is simple: if one packet matches the rule, the nfacct match
updates the counters.
Thanks to Patrick McHardy, Eric Dumazet, Changli Gao for reviewing and
providing feedback for this contribution.
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
The get and zero operations have to be done in an atomic context,
otherwise counters added between them will be lost.
This problem was spotted by Changli Gao while discussing the
nfacct infrastructure.
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
The NAT range to nlattr conversation callbacks and helpers are entirely
dead code and are also useless since there are no NAT ranges in conntrack
context, they are only used for initially selecting a tuple. The final NAT
information is contained in the selected tuples of the conntrack entry.
Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
The packet size check originates from a time when UDP helpers could
accidentally mangle incorrect packets (NEWNAT) and is unnecessary
nowadays since the conntrack helpers invoke the NAT helpers for the
proper packet directly.
Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
The inner tuple that is extracted from the packet is unused. The code also
doesn't have any useful side-effects like verifying the packet does contain
enough data to extract the inner tuple since conntrack already does the
same, so remove it.
Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
The only remaining user of NAT protocol module reference counting is NAT
ctnetlink support. Since this is a fairly short sequence of code, convert
over to use RCU and remove module reference counting.
Module unregistration is already protected by RCU using synchronize_rcu(),
so no further changes are necessary.
Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Use nf_conntrack_hash_rnd in NAT bysource hash to avoid hash chain attacks.
Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Acked-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Export the NAT definitions to userspace. So far userspace (specifically,
iptables) has been copying the headers files from include/net. Also
rename some structures and definitions in preparation for IPv6 NAT.
Since these have never been officially exported, this doesn't affect
existing userspace code.
Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
This partially reworks bc01befdcf
which added userspace expectation support.
This patch removes the nf_ct_userspace_expect_list since now we
force to use the new iptables CT target feature to add the helper
extension for conntracks that have attached expectations from
userspace.
A new version of the proof-of-concept code to implement userspace
helpers from userspace is available at:
http://people.netfilter.org/pablo/userspace-conntrack-helpers/nf-ftp-helper-POC.tar.bz2
This patch also modifies the CT target to allow to set the
conntrack's userspace helper status flags. This flag is used
to tell the conntrack system to explicitly allocate the helper
extension.
This helper extension is useful to link the userspace expectations
with the master conntrack that is being tracked from one userspace
helper.
This feature fixes a problem in the current approach of the
userspace helper support. Basically, if the master conntrack that
has got a userspace expectation vanishes, the expectations point to
one invalid memory address. Thus, triggering an oops in the
expectation deletion event path.
I decided not to add a new revision of the CT target because
I only needed to add a new flag for it. I'll document in this
issue in the iptables manpage. I have also changed the return
value from EINVAL to EOPNOTSUPP if one flag not supported is
specified. Thus, in the future adding new features that only
require a new flag can be added without a new revision.
There is no official code using this in userspace (apart from
the proof-of-concept) that uses this infrastructure but there
will be some by beginning 2012.
Reported-by: Sam Roberts <vieuxtech@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Use the expect tuple (if possible) instead of the master tuple for
the get operation. If two or more expectations come from the same
master, the returned expectation may not be the one that user-space
is requesting.
This is how it works for the expect deletion operation.
Although I think that nobody has been seriously using this. We
accept both possibilities, using the expect tuple if possible.
I decided to do it like this to avoid breaking backward
compatibility.
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
We can use atomic64_t infrastructure to avoid taking a spinlock in fast
path, and remove inaccuracies while reading values in
ctnetlink_dump_counters() and connbytes_mt() on 32bit arches.
Suggested by Pablo.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Modify the algorithm to build the source hashing hash table to add
extra slots for destinations with higher weight. This has the effect
of allowing an IPVS SH user to give more connections to hosts that
have been configured to have a higher weight.
The reason for the Kconfig change is because the size of the hash table
becomes more relevant/important if you decide to use the weights in the
manner this patch lets you. It would be conceivable that someone might
need to increase the size of that table to accommodate their
configuration, so it will be handy to be able to do that through the
regular configuration system instead of editing the source.
Signed-off-by: Michael Maxim <mike@okcupid.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
This is not merged with the ipv4 match into xt_rpfilter.c
to avoid ipv6 module dependency issues.
Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
like rt6_lookup, but allows caller to pass in flowi6 structure.
Will be used by the upcoming ipv6 netfilter reverse path filter
match.
Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
This tries to do the same thing as fib_validate_source(), but differs
in several aspects.
The most important difference is that the reverse path filter built into
fib_validate_source uses the oif as iif when performing the reverse
lookup. We do not do this, as the oif is not yet known by the time the
PREROUTING hook is invoked.
We can't wait until FORWARD chain because by the time FORWARD is invoked
ipv4 forward path may have already sent icmp messages is response
to to-be-discarded-via-rpfilter packets.
To avoid the such an additional lookup in PREROUTING, Patrick McHardy
suggested to attach the path information directly in the match
(i.e., just do what the standard ipv4 path does a bit earlier in PREROUTING).
This works, but it also has a few caveats. Most importantly, when using
marks in PREROUTING to re-route traffic based on the nfmark, -m rpfilter
would have to be used after the nfmark has been set; otherwise the nfmark
would have no effect (because the route is already attached).
Another problem would be interaction with -j TPROXY, as this target sets an
nfmark and uses ACCEPT instead of continue, i.e. such a version of
-m rpfilter cannot be used for the initial to-be-intercepted packets.
In case in turns out that the oif is required, we can add Patricks
suggestion with a new match option (e.g. --rpf-use-oif) to keep ruleset
compatibility.
Another difference to current builtin ipv4 rpfilter is that packets subject to ipsec
transformation are not automatically excluded. If you want this, simply
combine -m rpfilter with the policy match.
Packets arriving on loopback interfaces always match.
Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
The reverse path filter module will use fib_lookup.
If CONFIG_IP_MULTIPLE_TABLES is not set, fib_lookup is
only a static inline helper that calls fib_table_lookup,
so export that too.
Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
If our TCP_PAGE(sk) is not shared (page_count() == 1), we can set page
offset to 0.
This permits better filling of the pages on small to medium tcp writes.
"tbench 16" results on my dev server (2x4x2 machine) :
Before : 3072 MB/s
After : 3146 MB/s (2.4 % gain)
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
We discovered that TCP stack could retransmit misaligned skbs if a
malicious peer acknowledged sub MSS frame. This currently can happen
only if output interface is non SG enabled : If SG is enabled, tcp
builds headless skbs (all payload is included in fragments), so the tcp
trimming process only removes parts of skb fragments, header stay
aligned.
Some arches cant handle misalignments, so force a head reallocation and
shrink headroom to MAX_TCP_HEADER.
Dont care about misaligments on x86 and PPC (or other arches setting
NET_IP_ALIGN to 0)
This patch introduces __pskb_copy() which can specify the headroom of
new head, and pskb_copy() becomes a wrapper on top of __pskb_copy()
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Denys Fedoryshchenko reported that SYN+FIN attacks were bringing his
linux machines to their limits.
Dont call conn_request() if the TCP flags includes SYN flag
Reported-by: Denys Fedoryshchenko <denys@visp.net.lb>
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
It's only used in net/ipv6/route.c and the NULL device check is
superfluous for all of the existing call sites.
Just expand the __ndisc_lookup_errno() call at each location.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
1) x == NULL --> !x
2) x != NULL --> x
3) (x&BIT) --> (x & BIT)
4) (BIT1|BIT2) --> (BIT1 | BIT2)
5) proper argument and struct member alignment
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Open vSwitch is a multilayer Ethernet switch targeted at virtualized
environments. In addition to supporting a variety of features
expected in a traditional hardware switch, it enables fine-grained
programmatic extension and flow-based control of the network.
This control is useful in a wide variety of applications but is
particularly important in multi-server virtualization deployments,
which are often characterized by highly dynamic endpoints and the need
to maintain logical abstractions for multiple tenants.
The Open vSwitch datapath provides an in-kernel fast path for packet
forwarding. It is complemented by a userspace daemon, ovs-vswitchd,
which is able to accept configuration from a variety of sources and
translate it into packet processing rules.
See http://openvswitch.org for more information and userspace
utilities.
Signed-off-by: Jesse Gross <jesse@nicira.com>
While parsing through IPv6 extension headers, fragment headers are
skipped making them invisible to the caller. This reports the
fragment offset of the last header in order to make it possible to
determine whether the packet is fragmented and, if so whether it is
a first or last fragment.
Signed-off-by: Jesse Gross <jesse@nicira.com>
Open vSwitch uses genl_mutex locking to protect datapath
data-structures like flow-table, flow-actions. Following patch adds
lockdep_genl_is_held() which is used for rcu annotation to prove
locking.
Signed-off-by: Pravin B Shelar <pshelar@nicira.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Gross <jesse@nicira.com>
Open vSwitch uses Generic Netlink interface for communication
between userspace and kernel module. genl_notify() is used
for sending notification back to userspace.
genl_notify() is analogous to rtnl_notify() but uses genl_sock
instead of rtnl.
Signed-off-by: Pravin B Shelar <pshelar@nicira.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Gross <jesse@nicira.com>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net: (73 commits)
netfilter: Remove ADVANCED dependency from NF_CONNTRACK_NETBIOS_NS
ipv4: flush route cache after change accept_local
sch_red: fix red_change
Revert "udp: remove redundant variable"
bridge: master device stuck in no-carrier state forever when in user-stp mode
ipv4: Perform peer validation on cached route lookup.
net/core: fix rollback handler in register_netdevice_notifier
sch_red: fix red_calc_qavg_from_idle_time
bonding: only use primary address for ARP
ipv4: fix lockdep splat in rt_cache_seq_show
sch_teql: fix lockdep splat
net: fec: Select the FEC driver by default for i.MX SoCs
isdn: avoid copying too long drvid
isdn: make sure strings are null terminated
netlabel: Fix build problems when IPv6 is not enabled
sctp: better integer overflow check in sctp_auth_create_key()
sctp: integer overflow in sctp_auth_create_key()
ipv6: Set mcast_hops to IPV6_DEFAULT_MCASTHOPS when -1 was given.
net: Fix corruption in /proc/*/net/dev_mcast
mac80211: fix race between the AGG SM and the Tx data path
...
After reset ipv4_devconf->data[IPV4_DEVCONF_ACCEPT_LOCAL] to 0,
we should flush route cache, or it will continue receive packets with local
source address, which should be dropped.
Signed-off-by: Weiping Pan <panweiping3@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Le mercredi 30 novembre 2011 à 14:36 -0800, Stephen Hemminger a écrit :
> (Almost) nobody uses RED because they can't figure it out.
> According to Wikipedia, VJ says that:
> "there are not one, but two bugs in classic RED."
RED is useful for high throughput routers, I doubt many linux machines
act as such devices.
I was considering adding Adaptative RED (Sally Floyd, Ramakrishna
Gummadi, Scott Shender), August 2001
In this version, maxp is dynamic (from 1% to 50%), and user only have to
setup min_th (target average queue size)
(max_th and wq (burst in linux RED) are automatically setup)
By the way it seems we have a small bug in red_change()
if (skb_queue_empty(&sch->q))
red_end_of_idle_period(&q->parms);
First, if queue is empty, we should call
red_start_of_idle_period(&q->parms);
Second, since we dont use anymore sch->q, but q->qdisc, the test is
meaningless.
Oh well...
[PATCH] sch_red: fix red_change()
Now RED is classful, we must check q->qdisc->q.qlen, and if queue is empty,
we start an idle period, not end it.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Commit 1386be55e3 ("dccp: fix
auto-loading of dccp(_probe)") fixed a bug but created a new
compiler warning:
net/dccp/probe.c: In function ‘dccpprobe_init’:
net/dccp/probe.c:166:2: warning: the omitted middle operand in ?: will always be ‘true’, suggest explicit middle operand [-Wparentheses]
try_then_request_module() is built for situations where the
"existence" test is some lookup function that returns a non-NULL
object on success, and with a reference count of some kind held.
Here we're looking for a success return of zero from the jprobe
registry.
Instead of fighting the way try_then_request_module() works, simply
open code what we want to happen in a local helper function.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This reverts commit 81d54ec847.
If we take the "try_again" goto, due to a checksum error,
the 'len' has already been truncated. So we won't compute
the same values as the original code did.
Reported-by: paul bilke <fsmail@conspiracy.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
When in user-stp mode, bridge master do not follow state of its slaves, so
after the following sequence of events it can stuck forever in no-carrier
state:
1) turn stp off
2) put all slaves down - master device will follow their state and also go in
no-carrier state
3) turn stp on with bridge-stp script returning 0 (go to the user-stp mode)
Now bridge master won't follow slaves' state and will never reach running
state.
This patch solves the problem by making user-stp and kernel-stp behavior
similar regarding master following slaves' states.
Signed-off-by: Vitalii Demianets <vitas@nppfactor.kiev.ua>
Acked-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Otherwise we won't notice the peer GENID change.
Reported-by: Steffen Klassert <steffen.klassert@secunet.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
gcc compiler is smart enough to use a single load/store if we
memcpy(dptr, sptr, 8) on x86_64, regardless of
CONFIG_CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE
In IP header, daddr immediately follows saddr, this wont change in the
future. We only need to make sure our flowi4 (saddr,daddr) fields wont
break the rule.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This also works around a bogus gcc warning generated by an
upcoming patch from Eric Dumazet that rearranges the layout
of struct flowi4.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
commit b00055aacd ([NET] core: add RFC2863 operstate) changed
net_device flags from unsigned short to unsigned int.
Some core functions still assume its an unsigned short.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
ERROR: "__udivdi3" [net/sched/sch_netem.ko] undefined!
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Hagen Paul Pfeifer <hagen@jauu.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Within nested statements, the break statement terminates only the
do, for, switch, or while statement that immediately encloses it,
So replace the break with goto.
Signed-off-by: RongQing.Li <roy.qing.li@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Remove unused enum cfcnfg_phy_type and the parameter to cfserl_create.
Signed-off-by: Sjur Brændeland <sjur.brandeland@stericsson.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Enrolling CAIF link layers are refactored.
Signed-off-by: Sjur Brændeland <sjur.brandeland@stericsson.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Allow NULL pointer in cfpkt_extr_head in order to
skip past header data.
Signed-off-by: Sjur Brændeland <sjur.brandeland@stericsson.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Currently netem is not in the ability to emulate channel bandwidth. Only static
delay (and optional random jitter) can be configured.
To emulate the channel rate the token bucket filter (sch_tbf) can be used. But
TBF has some major emulation flaws. The buffer (token bucket depth/rate) cannot
be 0. Also the idea behind TBF is that the credit (token in buckets) fills if
no packet is transmitted. So that there is always a "positive" credit for new
packets. In real life this behavior contradicts the law of nature where
nothing can travel faster as speed of light. E.g.: on an emulated 1000 byte/s
link a small IPv4/TCP SYN packet with ~50 byte require ~0.05 seconds - not 0
seconds.
Netem is an excellent place to implement a rate limiting feature: static
delay is already implemented, tfifo already has time information and the
user can skip TBF configuration completely.
This patch implement rate feature which can be configured via tc. e.g:
tc qdisc add dev eth0 root netem rate 10kbit
To emulate a link of 5000byte/s and add an additional static delay of 10ms:
tc qdisc add dev eth0 root netem delay 10ms rate 5KBps
Note: similar to TBF the rate extension is bounded to the kernel timing
system. Depending on the architecture timer granularity, higher rates (e.g.
10mbit/s and higher) tend to transmission bursts. Also note: further queues
living in network adaptors; see ethtool(8).
Signed-off-by: Hagen Paul Pfeifer <hagen@jauu.net>
Acked-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@drr.davemloft.net>
Need not to used 'delta' flag when add single-source to interface
filter source list.
Signed-off-by: Jun Zhao <mypopydev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@drr.davemloft.net>
