Doing an audit of trace events, I discovered two trace events in the xen
subsystem that use a hack to create zero data size trace events. This is not
what trace events are for. Trace events add memory footprint overhead, and
if all you need to do is see if a function is hit or not, simply make that
function noinline and use function tracer filtering.
Worse yet, the hack used was:
__array(char, x, 0)
Which creates a static string of zero in length. There's assumptions about
such constructs in ftrace that this is a dynamic string that is nul
terminated. This is not the case with these tracepoints and can cause
problems in various parts of ftrace.
Nuke the trace events!
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180509144605.5a220327@gandalf.local.home
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 95a7d76897 ("xen/mmu: Use Xen specific TLB flush instead of the generic one.")
Reviewed-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
flush_tlb_single() and flush_tlb_one() sound almost identical, but
they really mean "flush one user translation" and "flush one kernel
translation". Rename them to flush_tlb_one_user() and
flush_tlb_one_kernel() to make the semantics more obvious.
[ I was looking at some PTI-related code, and the flush-one-address code
is unnecessarily hard to understand because the names of the helpers are
uninformative. This came up during PTI review, but no one got around to
doing it. ]
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Eduardo Valentin <eduval@amazon.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@google.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linux-MM <linux-mm@kvack.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/3303b02e3c3d049dc5235d5651e0ae6d29a34354.1517414378.git.luto@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
- Now allow module init functions to be traced
- Clean up some unused or not used by config events (saves space)
- Clean up of trace histogram code
- Add support for preempt and interrupt enabled/disable events
- Other various clean ups
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Merge tag 'trace-v4.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace
Pull tracing updates from
- allow module init functions to be traced
- clean up some unused or not used by config events (saves space)
- clean up of trace histogram code
- add support for preempt and interrupt enabled/disable events
- other various clean ups
* tag 'trace-v4.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace: (30 commits)
tracing, thermal: Hide cpu cooling trace events when not in use
tracing, thermal: Hide devfreq trace events when not in use
ftrace: Kill FTRACE_OPS_FL_PER_CPU
perf/ftrace: Small cleanup
perf/ftrace: Fix function trace events
perf/ftrace: Revert ("perf/ftrace: Fix double traces of perf on ftrace:function")
tracing, dma-buf: Remove unused trace event dma_fence_annotate_wait_on
tracing, memcg, vmscan: Hide trace events when not in use
tracing/xen: Hide events that are not used when X86_PAE is not defined
tracing: mark trace_test_buffer as __maybe_unused
printk: Remove superfluous memory barriers from printk_safe
ftrace: Clear hashes of stale ips of init memory
tracing: Add support for preempt and irq enable/disable events
tracing: Prepare to add preempt and irq trace events
ftrace/kallsyms: Have /proc/kallsyms show saved mod init functions
ftrace: Add freeing algorithm to free ftrace_mod_maps
ftrace: Save module init functions kallsyms symbols for tracing
ftrace: Allow module init functions to be traced
ftrace: Add a ftrace_free_mem() function for modules to use
tracing: Reimplement log2
...
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
TRACE_EVENTS() take up memory. If they are defined but not used, then
they simply waste space. If their use case is behind a define, then the
trace events should be as well.
The trace events xen_mmu_set_pte_atomic, xen_mmu_pte_clear, and
xen_mmu_pmd_clear are not used when CONFIG_X86_PAE is not defined.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171010191256.3d6d72cb@gandalf.local.home
Reviewed-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Jeremy Linton <jeremy.linton@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
There are some Xen specific trace functions defined in
include/trace/events/xen.h. Remove them.
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Reviewed-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
The function xen_set_domain_pte() is used nowhere in the kernel.
Remove it.
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Reviewed-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
There are a few places in the kernel where sizeof() is already
being used. Update those locations with TRACE_DEFINE_SIZEOF.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170531215653.3240-12-jeremy.linton@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Linton <jeremy.linton@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
This patch converts x86 to use proper folding of a new (fifth) page table level
with <asm-generic/pgtable-nop4d.h>.
That's a bit of a kitchen sink patch, but I don't see how to split it further
without hurting bisectability.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170317185515.8636-7-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
We would want to use number of page table level to define mm_struct.
Let's expose it as CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
As Mukesh explained it, the MMUEXT_TLB_FLUSH_ALL allows the
hypervisor to do a TLB flush on all active vCPUs. If instead
we were using the generic one (which ends up being xen_flush_tlb)
we end up making the MMUEXT_TLB_FLUSH_LOCAL hypercall. But
before we make that hypercall the kernel will IPI all of the
vCPUs (even those that were asleep from the hypervisor
perspective). The end result is that we needlessly wake them
up and do a TLB flush when we can just let the hypervisor
do it correctly.
This patch gives around 50% speed improvement when migrating
idle guest's from one host to another.
Oracle-bug: 14630170
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org
Tested-by: Jingjie Jiang <jingjie.jiang@oracle.com>
Suggested-by: Mukesh Rathor <mukesh.rathor@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
x86 has no flush_tlb_range support in instruction level. Currently the
flush_tlb_range just implemented by flushing all page table. That is not
the best solution for all scenarios. In fact, if we just use 'invlpg' to
flush few lines from TLB, we can get the performance gain from later
remain TLB lines accessing.
But the 'invlpg' instruction costs much of time. Its execution time can
compete with cr3 rewriting, and even a bit more on SNB CPU.
So, on a 512 4KB TLB entries CPU, the balance points is at:
(512 - X) * 100ns(assumed TLB refill cost) =
X(TLB flush entries) * 100ns(assumed invlpg cost)
Here, X is 256, that is 1/2 of 512 entries.
But with the mysterious CPU pre-fetcher and page miss handler Unit, the
assumed TLB refill cost is far lower then 100ns in sequential access. And
2 HT siblings in one core makes the memory access more faster if they are
accessing the same memory. So, in the patch, I just do the change when
the target entries is less than 1/16 of whole active tlb entries.
Actually, I have no data support for the percentage '1/16', so any
suggestions are welcomed.
As to hugetlb, guess due to smaller page table, and smaller active TLB
entries, I didn't see benefit via my benchmark, so no optimizing now.
My micro benchmark show in ideal scenarios, the performance improves 70
percent in reading. And in worst scenario, the reading/writing
performance is similar with unpatched 3.4-rc4 kernel.
Here is the reading data on my 2P * 4cores *HT NHM EP machine, with THP
'always':
multi thread testing, '-t' paramter is thread number:
with patch unpatched 3.4-rc4
./mprotect -t 1 14ns 24ns
./mprotect -t 2 13ns 22ns
./mprotect -t 4 12ns 19ns
./mprotect -t 8 14ns 16ns
./mprotect -t 16 28ns 26ns
./mprotect -t 32 54ns 51ns
./mprotect -t 128 200ns 199ns
Single process with sequencial flushing and memory accessing:
with patch unpatched 3.4-rc4
./mprotect 7ns 11ns
./mprotect -p 4096 -l 8 -n 10240
21ns 21ns
[ hpa: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1B4B44D9196EFF41AE41FDA404FC0A100BFF94@SHSMSX101.ccr.corp.intel.com
has additional performance numbers. ]
Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1340845344-27557-3-git-send-email-alex.shi@intel.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
When CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER is disabled, compilation fails as follows:
CC arch/x86/xen/setup.o
In file included from arch/x86/include/asm/xen/hypercall.h:42,
from arch/x86/xen/setup.c:19:
include/trace/events/xen.h:31: warning: 'struct multicall_entry' declared inside parameter list
include/trace/events/xen.h:31: warning: its scope is only this definition or declaration, which is probably not what you want
include/trace/events/xen.h:31: warning: 'struct multicall_entry' declared inside parameter list
include/trace/events/xen.h:31: warning: 'struct multicall_entry' declared inside parameter list
include/trace/events/xen.h:31: warning: 'struct multicall_entry' declared inside parameter list
[...]
arch/x86/xen/trace.c:5: error: '__HYPERVISOR_set_trap_table' undeclared here (not in a function)
arch/x86/xen/trace.c:5: error: array index in initializer not of integer type
arch/x86/xen/trace.c:5: error: (near initialization for 'xen_hypercall_names')
arch/x86/xen/trace.c:6: error: '__HYPERVISOR_mmu_update' undeclared here (not in a function)
arch/x86/xen/trace.c:6: error: array index in initializer not of integer type
arch/x86/xen/trace.c:6: error: (near initialization for 'xen_hypercall_names')
Fix this by making sure struct multicall_entry has a declaration in
scope at all times, and don't bother compiling xen/trace.c when tracing
is disabled.
Reported-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Sakari Ailus