This commit provides wrapper functions for uses of ->rcu_read_lock_nesting
to improve readability and to ease future changes to support inlining
of __rcu_read_lock() and __rcu_read_unlock().
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
The rcu_node structure's ->expmask field is updated only when holding the
->lock, but is also accessed locklessly. This means that all ->expmask
updates must use WRITE_ONCE() and all reads carried out without holding
->lock must use READ_ONCE(). This commit therefore changes the lockless
->expmask read in rcu_read_unlock_special() to use READ_ONCE().
Reported-by: syzbot+99f4ddade3c22ab0cf23@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
In rcu_preempt_deferred_qs_irqrestore(), ->rcu_read_unlock_special is
cleared one piece at a time. Given that the "if" statements in this
function use the copy in "special", this commit removes the clearing
of the individual pieces in favor of clearing ->rcu_read_unlock_special
in one go just after it has been determined to be non-zero.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Currently, the .exp_hint flag is cleared in rcu_read_unlock_special(),
which works, but which can also prevent subsequent rcu_read_unlock() calls
from helping expedite the quiescent state needed by an ongoing expedited
RCU grace period. This commit therefore defers clearing of .exp_hint
from rcu_read_unlock_special() to rcu_preempt_deferred_qs_irqrestore(),
thus ensuring that intervening calls to rcu_read_unlock() have a chance
to help end the expedited grace period.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
This commit removes kfree_rcu() special-casing and the lazy-callback
handling from Tree RCU. It moves some of this special casing to Tiny RCU,
the removal of which will be the subject of later commits.
This results in a nice negative delta.
Suggested-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
[ paulmck: Add slab.h #include, thanks to kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
The config option `CONFIG_PREEMPT' is used for the preemption model
"Low-Latency Desktop". The config option `CONFIG_PREEMPTION' is enabled
when kernel preemption is enabled which is true for the preemption model
`CONFIG_PREEMPT' and `CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT'.
Use `CONFIG_PREEMPTION' if it applies to both preemption models and not
just to `CONFIG_PREEMPT'.
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Cc: rcu@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
The rcu_preempt_check_blocked_tasks() function has a comment
that states that the rcu_node structure's ->lock must be held,
which might be informative, but which carries little weight if
not read. This commit therefore removes this comment in favor of
raw_lockdep_assert_held_rcu_node(), which will complain quite
visibly if the required lock is not held.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
The rcu_gp_fqs_check_wake() function uses rcu_preempt_blocked_readers_cgp()
to read ->gp_tasks while other cpus might overwrite this field.
We need READ_ONCE()/WRITE_ONCE() pairs to avoid compiler
tricks and KCSAN splats like the following :
BUG: KCSAN: data-race in rcu_gp_fqs_check_wake / rcu_preempt_deferred_qs_irqrestore
write to 0xffffffff85a7f190 of 8 bytes by task 7317 on cpu 0:
rcu_preempt_deferred_qs_irqrestore+0x43d/0x580 kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h:507
rcu_read_unlock_special+0xec/0x370 kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h:659
__rcu_read_unlock+0xcf/0xe0 kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h:394
rcu_read_unlock include/linux/rcupdate.h:645 [inline]
__ip_queue_xmit+0x3b0/0xa40 net/ipv4/ip_output.c:533
ip_queue_xmit+0x45/0x60 include/net/ip.h:236
__tcp_transmit_skb+0xdeb/0x1cd0 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1158
__tcp_send_ack+0x246/0x300 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:3685
tcp_send_ack+0x34/0x40 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:3691
tcp_cleanup_rbuf+0x130/0x360 net/ipv4/tcp.c:1575
tcp_recvmsg+0x633/0x1a30 net/ipv4/tcp.c:2179
inet_recvmsg+0xbb/0x250 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:838
sock_recvmsg_nosec net/socket.c:871 [inline]
sock_recvmsg net/socket.c:889 [inline]
sock_recvmsg+0x92/0xb0 net/socket.c:885
sock_read_iter+0x15f/0x1e0 net/socket.c:967
call_read_iter include/linux/fs.h:1864 [inline]
new_sync_read+0x389/0x4f0 fs/read_write.c:414
read to 0xffffffff85a7f190 of 8 bytes by task 10 on cpu 1:
rcu_gp_fqs_check_wake kernel/rcu/tree.c:1556 [inline]
rcu_gp_fqs_check_wake+0x93/0xd0 kernel/rcu/tree.c:1546
rcu_gp_fqs_loop+0x36c/0x580 kernel/rcu/tree.c:1611
rcu_gp_kthread+0x143/0x220 kernel/rcu/tree.c:1768
kthread+0x1d4/0x200 drivers/block/aoe/aoecmd.c:1253
ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:352
Reported by Kernel Concurrency Sanitizer on:
CPU: 1 PID: 10 Comm: rcu_preempt Not tainted 5.3.0+ #0
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Reported-by: syzbot <syzkaller@googlegroups.com>
[ paulmck: Added another READ_ONCE() for RCU CPU stall warnings. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Commit 18cd8c93e6 ("rcu/nocb: Print gp/cb kthread hierarchy if
dump_tree") added print statements to rcu_organize_nocb_kthreads for
debugging, but incorrectly guarded them, causing the function to always
spew out its message.
This patch fixes it by guarding both pr_alert statements with dump_tree,
while also changing the second pr_alert to a pr_cont, to print the
hierarchy in a single line (assuming that's how it was supposed to
work).
Fixes: 18cd8c93e6 ("rcu/nocb: Print gp/cb kthread hierarchy if dump_tree")
Signed-off-by: Stefan Reiter <stefan@pimaker.at>
[ paulmck: Make single-nocbs-CPU GP kthreads look less erroneous. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Now that the RCU flavors have been consolidated, there is one common
function for checking to see if an expedited RCU grace period has
completed, namely sync_rcu_preempt_exp_done(). Because this function is
no longer specific to RCU-preempt, this commit removes the "_preempt" from
its name. This commit also changes sync_rcu_preempt_exp_done_unlocked()
to sync_rcu_exp_done_unlocked() for the same reason.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
We never set this to false. This probably doesn't affect most people's
runtime because GCC will automatically initialize it to false at certain
common optimization levels. But that behavior is related to a bug in
GCC and obviously should not be relied on.
Fixes: 5d6742b377 ("rcu/nocb: Use rcu_segcblist for no-CBs CPUs")
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
When under overload conditions, __call_rcu_nocb_wake() will wake the
no-CBs GP kthread any time the no-CBs CB kthread is asleep or there
are no ready-to-invoke callbacks, but only after a timer delay. If the
no-CBs GP kthread has a ->nocb_bypass_timer pending, the deferred wakeup
from __call_rcu_nocb_wake() is redundant. This commit therefore makes
__call_rcu_nocb_wake() avoid posting the redundant deferred wakeup if
->nocb_bypass_timer is pending. This requires adding a bit of ordering
of timer actions.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Currently, __call_rcu_nocb_wake() advances callbacks each time that it
detects excessive numbers of callbacks, though only if it succeeds in
conditionally acquiring its leaf rcu_node structure's ->lock. Despite
the conditional acquisition of ->lock, this does increase contention.
This commit therefore avoids advancing callbacks unless there are
callbacks in ->cblist whose grace period has completed and advancing
has not yet been done during this jiffy.
Note that this decision does not take the presence of new callbacks
into account. That is because on this code path, there will always be
at least one new callback, namely the one we just enqueued.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Currently, nocb_cb_wait() advances callbacks on each pass through its
loop, though only if it succeeds in conditionally acquiring its leaf
rcu_node structure's ->lock. Despite the conditional acquisition of
->lock, this does increase contention. This commit therefore avoids
advancing callbacks unless there are callbacks in ->cblist whose grace
period has completed.
Note that nocb_cb_wait() doesn't worry about callbacks that have not
yet been assigned a grace period. The idea is that the only reason for
nocb_cb_wait() to advance callbacks is to allow it to continue invoking
callbacks. Time will tell whether this is the correct choice.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
When callbacks are in full flow, the common case is waiting for a
grace period, and this grace period will normally take a few jiffies to
complete. It therefore isn't all that helpful for __call_rcu_nocb_wake()
to do a synchronous wakeup in this case. This commit therefore turns this
into a timer-based deferred wakeup of the no-CBs grace-period kthread.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
This commit causes locking, sleeping, and callback state to be printed
for no-CBs CPUs when the rcutorture writer is delayed sufficiently for
rcutorture to complain.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Use of the rcu_data structure's segmented ->cblist for no-CBs CPUs
takes advantage of unrelated grace periods, thus reducing the memory
footprint in the face of floods of call_rcu() invocations. However,
the ->cblist field is a more-complex rcu_segcblist structure which must
be protected via locking. Even though there are only three entities
which can acquire this lock (the CPU invoking call_rcu(), the no-CBs
grace-period kthread, and the no-CBs callbacks kthread), the contention
on this lock is excessive under heavy stress.
This commit therefore greatly reduces contention by provisioning
an rcu_cblist structure field named ->nocb_bypass within the
rcu_data structure. Each no-CBs CPU is permitted only a limited
number of enqueues onto the ->cblist per jiffy, controlled by a new
nocb_nobypass_lim_per_jiffy kernel boot parameter that defaults to
about 16 enqueues per millisecond (16 * 1000 / HZ). When that limit is
exceeded, the CPU instead enqueues onto the new ->nocb_bypass.
The ->nocb_bypass is flushed into the ->cblist every jiffy or when
the number of callbacks on ->nocb_bypass exceeds qhimark, whichever
happens first. During call_rcu() floods, this flushing is carried out
by the CPU during the course of its call_rcu() invocations. However,
a CPU could simply stop invoking call_rcu() at any time. The no-CBs
grace-period kthread therefore carries out less-aggressive flushing
(every few jiffies or when the number of callbacks on ->nocb_bypass
exceeds (2 * qhimark), whichever comes first). This means that the
no-CBs grace-period kthread cannot be permitted to do unbounded waits
while there are callbacks on ->nocb_bypass. A ->nocb_bypass_timer is
used to provide the needed wakeups.
[ paulmck: Apply Coverity feedback reported by Colin Ian King. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
When there are excessive numbers of callbacks, and when either the
corresponding no-CBs callback kthread is asleep or there is no more
ready-to-invoke callbacks, and when least one callback is pending,
__call_rcu_nocb_wake() will advance the callbacks, but refrain from
awakening the corresponding no-CBs grace-period kthread. However,
because rcu_advance_cbs_nowake() is used, it is possible (if a bit
unlikely) that the needed advancement could not happen due to a grace
period not being in progress. Plus there will always be at least one
pending callback due to one having just now been enqueued.
This commit therefore attempts to advance callbacks and awakens the
no-CBs grace-period kthread when there are excessive numbers of callbacks
posted and when the no-CBs callback kthread is not in a position to do
anything helpful.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
The sleep/wakeup of the no-CBs grace-period kthreads is synchronized
using the ->nocb_lock of the first CPU corresponding to that kthread.
This commit provides a separate ->nocb_gp_lock for this purpose, thus
reducing contention on ->nocb_lock.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Currently, nocb_cb_wait() unconditionally acquires the leaf rcu_node
->lock to advance callbacks when done invoking the previous batch.
It does this while holding ->nocb_lock, which means that contention on
the leaf rcu_node ->lock visits itself on the ->nocb_lock. This commit
therefore makes this lock acquisition conditional, forgoing callback
advancement when the leaf rcu_node ->lock is not immediately available.
(In this case, the no-CBs grace-period kthread will eventually do any
needed callback advancement.)
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Currently, __call_rcu_nocb_wake() conditionally acquires the leaf rcu_node
structure's ->lock, and only afterwards does rcu_advance_cbs_nowake()
check to see if it is possible to advance callbacks without potentially
needing to awaken the grace-period kthread. Given that the no-awaken
check can be done locklessly, this commit reverses the order, so that
rcu_advance_cbs_nowake() is invoked without holding the leaf rcu_node
structure's ->lock and rcu_advance_cbs_nowake() checks the grace-period
state before conditionally acquiring that lock, thus reducing the number
of needless acquistions of the leaf rcu_node structure's ->lock.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Currently, when the square root of the number of CPUs is rounded down
by int_sqrt(), this round-down is applied to the number of callback
kthreads per grace-period kthreads. This makes almost no difference
for large systems, but results in oddities such as three no-CBs
grace-period kthreads for a five-CPU system, which is a bit excessive.
This commit therefore causes the round-down to apply to the number of
no-CBs grace-period kthreads, so that systems with from four to eight
CPUs have only two no-CBs grace period kthreads.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
A given rcu_data structure's ->nocb_lock can be acquired very frequently
by the corresponding CPU and occasionally by the corresponding no-CBs
grace-period and callbacks kthreads. In particular, these two kthreads
will have frequent gaps between ->nocb_lock acquisitions that are roughly
a grace period in duration. This means that any excessive ->nocb_lock
contention will be due to the CPU's acquisitions, and this in turn
enables a very naive contention-avoidance strategy to be quite effective.
This commit therefore modifies rcu_nocb_lock() to first
attempt a raw_spin_trylock(), and to atomically increment a
separate ->nocb_lock_contended across a raw_spin_lock(). This new
->nocb_lock_contended field is checked in __call_rcu_nocb_wake() when
interrupts are enabled, with a spin-wait for contending acquisitions
to complete, thus allowing the kthreads a chance to acquire the lock.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Currently, the code provides an extra wakeup for the no-CBs grace-period
kthread if one of its CPUs is generating excessive numbers of callbacks.
But satisfying though it is to wake something up when things are going
south, unless the thing being awakened can actually help solve the
problem, that extra wakeup does nothing but consume additional CPU time,
which is exactly what you don't want during a call_rcu() flood.
This commit therefore avoids doing anything if the corresponding
no-CBs callback kthread is going full tilt. Otherwise, if advancing
callbacks immediately might help and if the leaf rcu_node structure's
lock is immediately available, this commit invokes a new variant of
rcu_advance_cbs() that advances callbacks only if doing so won't require
awakening the grace-period kthread (not to be confused with any of the
no-CBs grace-period kthreads).
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
It might be hard to imagine having more than two billion callbacks
queued on a single CPU's ->cblist, but someone will do it sometime.
This commit therefore makes __call_rcu_nocb_wake() handle this situation
by upgrading local variable "len" from "int" to "long".
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Currently, wake_nocb_gp_defer() simply stores whatever waketype was
passed in, which can result in a RCU_NOCB_WAKE_FORCE being downgraded
to RCU_NOCB_WAKE, which could in turn delay callback processing.
This commit therefore adds a check so that wake_nocb_gp_defer() only
updates ->nocb_defer_wakeup when the update increases the forcefulness,
thus avoiding downgrades.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
The __call_rcu_nocb_wake() function and its predecessors set
->qlen_last_fqs_check to zero for the first callback and to LONG_MAX / 2
for forced reawakenings. The former can result in a too-quick reawakening
when there are many callbacks ready to invoke and the latter prevents a
second reawakening. This commit therefore sets ->qlen_last_fqs_check
to the current number of callbacks in both cases. While in the area,
this commit also moves both assignments under ->nocb_lock.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Historically, no-CBs CPUs allowed the scheduler-clock tick to be
unconditionally disabled on any transition to idle or nohz_full userspace
execution (see the rcu_needs_cpu() implementations). Unfortunately,
the checks used by rcu_needs_cpu() are defeated now that no-CBs CPUs
use ->cblist, which might make users of battery-powered devices rather
unhappy. This commit therefore adds explicit rcu_segcblist_is_offloaded()
checks to return to the historical energy-efficient semantics.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Some compilers complain that wait_gp_seq might be used uninitialized
in nocb_gp_wait(). This cannot actually happen because when wait_gp_seq
is uninitialized, needwait_gp must be false, which prevents wait_gp_seq
from being used. But this analysis is apparently beyond some compilers,
so this commit adds a bogus initialization of wait_gp_seq for the sole
purpose of suppressing the false-positive warning.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
This commit removes the obsolete nocb_q_count and nocb_q_count_lazy
fields, also removing rcu_get_n_cbs_nocb_cpu(), adjusting
rcu_get_n_cbs_cpu(), and making rcutree_migrate_callbacks() once again
disable the ->cblist fields of offline CPUs.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Currently the RCU callbacks for no-CBs CPUs are queued on a series of
ad-hoc linked lists, which means that these callbacks cannot benefit
from "drive-by" grace periods, thus suffering needless delays prior
to invocation. In addition, the no-CBs grace-period kthreads first
wait for callbacks to appear and later wait for a new grace period,
which means that callbacks appearing during a grace-period wait can
be delayed. These delays increase memory footprint, and could even
result in an out-of-memory condition.
This commit therefore enqueues RCU callbacks from no-CBs CPUs on the
rcu_segcblist structure that is already used by non-no-CBs CPUs. It also
restructures the no-CBs grace-period kthread to be checking for incoming
callbacks while waiting for grace periods. Also, instead of waiting
for a new grace period, it waits for the closest grace period that will
cause some of the callbacks to be safe to invoke. All of these changes
reduce callback latency and thus the number of outstanding callbacks,
in turn reducing the probability of an out-of-memory condition.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
As a first step towards making no-CBs CPUs use the ->cblist, this commit
leaves the ->cblist enabled for these CPUs. The main reason to make
no-CBs CPUs use ->cblist is to take advantage of callback numbering,
which will reduce the effects of missed grace periods which in turn will
reduce forward-progress problems for no-CBs CPUs.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
The idea behind the checks for extended quiescent states at the end of
__call_rcu_nocb() is to handle cases where call_rcu() is invoked directly
from within an extended quiescent state, for example, from the idle loop.
However, this will result in a timer-mediated deferred wakeup, which
will cause the needed wakeup to happen within a jiffy or thereabouts.
There should be no forward-progress concerns, and if there are, the proper
response is to exit the extended quiescent state while executing the
endless blast of call_rcu() invocations, for example, using RCU_NONIDLE().
Given the more realistic case of an isolated call_rcu() invocation, there
should be no problem.
This commit therefore removes the checks for invoking call_rcu() within
an extended quiescent state for on no-CBs CPUs.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
RCU callback processing currently uses rcu_is_nocb_cpu() to determine
whether or not the current CPU's callbacks are to be offloaded.
This works, but it is not so good for cache locality. Plus use of
->cblist for offloaded callbacks will greatly increase the frequency
of these checks. This commit therefore adds a ->offloaded flag to the
rcu_segcblist structure to provide a more flexible and cache-friendly
means of checking for callback offloading.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
NULLing the RCU_NEXT_TAIL pointer was a clever way to save a byte, but
forward-progress considerations would require that this pointer be both
NULL and non-NULL, which, absent a quantum-computer port of the Linux
kernel, simply won't happen. This commit therefore creates as separate
->enabled flag to replace the current NULL checks.
[ paulmck: Add include files per 0day test robot and -next. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
This commit causes the no-CBs grace-period/callback hierarchy to be
printed to the console when the dump_tree kernel boot parameter is set.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
This commit changes the name of the rcu_nocb_leader_stride kernel
boot parameter to rcu_nocb_gp_stride in order to account for the new
distinction between callback and grace-period no-CBs kthreads.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
The nocb_cb_wait() function traces a "FollowerSleep" trace_rcu_nocb_wake()
event, which never was documented and is now misleading. This commit
therefore changes "FollowerSleep" to "CBSleep", documents this, and
updates the documentation for "Sleep" as well.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
This commit renames rdp_leader to rdp_gp in order to account for the
new distinction between callback and grace-period no-CBs kthreads.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
This commit adjusts naming to account for the new distinction between
callback and grace-period no-CBs kthreads.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
This commit adjusts naming to account for the new distinction between
callback and grace-period no-CBs kthreads. While in the area, it also
updates local variables.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
This commit adjusts naming to account for the new distinction between
callback and grace-period no-CBs kthreads.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
This commit adjusts naming to account for the new distinction between
callback and grace-period no-CBs kthreads.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Currently, there is one no-CBs rcuo kthread per CPU, and these kthreads
are divided into groups. The first rcuo kthread to come online in a
given group is that group's leader, and the leader both waits for grace
periods and invokes its CPU's callbacks. The non-leader rcuo kthreads
only invoke callbacks.
This works well in the real-time/embedded environments for which it was
intended because such environments tend not to generate all that many
callbacks. However, given huge floods of callbacks, it is possible for
the leader kthread to be stuck invoking callbacks while its followers
wait helplessly while their callbacks pile up. This is a good recipe
for an OOM, and rcutorture's new callback-flood capability does generate
such OOMs.
One strategy would be to wait until such OOMs start happening in
production, but similar OOMs have in fact happened starting in 2018.
It would therefore be wise to take a more proactive approach.
This commit therefore features per-CPU rcuo kthreads that do nothing
but invoke callbacks. Instead of having one of these kthreads act as
leader, each group has a separate rcog kthread that handles grace periods
for its group. Because these rcuog kthreads do not invoke callbacks,
callback floods on one CPU no longer block callbacks from reaching the
rcuc callback-invocation kthreads on other CPUs.
This change does introduce additional kthreads, however:
1. The number of additional kthreads is about the square root of
the number of CPUs, so that a 4096-CPU system would have only
about 64 additional kthreads. Note that recent changes
decreased the number of rcuo kthreads by a factor of two
(CONFIG_PREEMPT=n) or even three (CONFIG_PREEMPT=y), so
this still represents a significant improvement on most systems.
2. The leading "rcuo" of the rcuog kthreads should allow existing
scripting to affinity these additional kthreads as needed, the
same as for the rcuop and rcuos kthreads. (There are no longer
any rcuob kthreads.)
3. A state-machine approach was considered and rejected. Although
this would allow the rcuo kthreads to continue their dual
leader/follower roles, it complicates callback invocation
and makes it more difficult to consolidate rcuo callback
invocation with existing softirq callback invocation.
The introduction of rcuog kthreads should thus be acceptable.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
This commit simply rewords comments to prepare for leader nocb kthreads
doing only grace-period work and callback shuffling. This will mean
the addition of replacement kthreads to invoke callbacks. The "leader"
and "follower" thus become less meaningful, so the commit changes no-CB
comments with these strings to "GP" and "CB", respectively. (Give or
take the usual grammatical transformations.)
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
This commit simply renames rcu_data fields to prepare for leader
nocb kthreads doing only grace-period work and callback shuffling.
This will mean the addition of replacement kthreads to invoke callbacks.
The "leader" and "follower" thus become less meaningful, so the commit
changes no-CB fields with these strings to "gp" and "cb", respectively.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
