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David Howells 3cb989501c Add a generic associative array implementation. 
Add a generic associative array implementation that can be used as the
container for keyrings, thereby massively increasing the capacity available
whilst also speeding up searching in keyrings that contain a lot of keys.

This may also be useful in FS-Cache for tracking cookies.

Documentation is added into Documentation/associative_array.txt

Some of the properties of the implementation are:

 (1) Objects are opaque pointers.  The implementation does not care where they
     point (if anywhere) or what they point to (if anything).

     [!] NOTE: Pointers to objects _must_ be zero in the two least significant
     	       bits.

 (2) Objects do not need to contain linkage blocks for use by the array.  This
     permits an object to be located in multiple arrays simultaneously.
     Rather, the array is made up of metadata blocks that point to objects.

 (3) Objects are labelled as being one of two types (the type is a bool value).
     This information is stored in the array, but has no consequence to the
     array itself or its algorithms.

 (4) Objects require index keys to locate them within the array.

 (5) Index keys must be unique.  Inserting an object with the same key as one
     already in the array will replace the old object.

 (6) Index keys can be of any length and can be of different lengths.

 (7) Index keys should encode the length early on, before any variation due to
     length is seen.

 (8) Index keys can include a hash to scatter objects throughout the array.

 (9) The array can iterated over.  The objects will not necessarily come out in
     key order.

(10) The array can be iterated whilst it is being modified, provided the RCU
     readlock is being held by the iterator.  Note, however, under these
     circumstances, some objects may be seen more than once.  If this is a
     problem, the iterator should lock against modification.  Objects will not
     be missed, however, unless deleted.

(11) Objects in the array can be looked up by means of their index key.

(12) Objects can be looked up whilst the array is being modified, provided the
     RCU readlock is being held by the thread doing the look up.

The implementation uses a tree of 16-pointer nodes internally that are indexed
on each level by nibbles from the index key.  To improve memory efficiency,
shortcuts can be emplaced to skip over what would otherwise be a series of
single-occupancy nodes.  Further, nodes pack leaf object pointers into spare
space in the node rather than making an extra branch until as such time an
object needs to be added to a full node.

Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
 		2013-09-24 10:35:17 +01:00
..
ABI - factor out common code from MTD tests 2013-09-09 10:33:19 -07:00
DocBook - factor out common code from MTD tests 2013-09-09 10:33:19 -07:00
EDID drm: Add 1600x1200 (UXGA) screen resolution to the built-in EDIDs 2013-04-12 14:06:16 +10:00
PCI PCI/MSI: Enable multiple MSIs with pci_enable_msi_block_auto() 2013-01-24 17:25:13 +01:00
RCU Merge branches 'doc.2013.08.19a', 'fixes.2013.08.20a', 'sysidle.2013.08.31a' and 'torture.2013.08.20a' into HEAD 2013-08-31 14:44:45 -07:00
accounting Documentation/accounting/getdelays.c: avoid strncpy in accounting tool 2013-07-03 16:08:06 -07:00
acpi Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial 2013-09-06 09:36:28 -07:00
aoe aoe: remove do-nothing NAME="%k" term from example udev rules 2013-09-11 15:59:28 -07:00
arm Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial 2013-09-06 09:36:28 -07:00
arm64 arm64: documentation: tighten up tagged pointer documentation 2013-09-20 09:56:06 +01:00
auxdisplay
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backlight backlight: lp855x: remove duplicate platform data 2013-04-29 18:28:19 -07:00
blackfin Documentation: Fix typo in multiple files in Documentation 2012-04-16 14:37:13 +02:00
block block: support embedded device command line partition 2013-09-11 15:56:57 -07:00
blockdev nbd: update documentation and link to mailinglist 2013-02-27 19:10:22 -08:00
bus-devices ARM: OMAP2+: gpmc: generic timing calculation 2012-11-09 18:07:11 +05:30
cdrom doc: fix broken references 2011-09-27 18:08:04 +02:00
cgroups memcg: document cgroup dirty/writeback memory statistics 2013-09-12 15:38:02 -07:00
connector connector: Move cn_test.c away from NLMSG_PUT(). 2012-06-26 21:19:02 -07:00
console TTY:console: update document console.txt 2013-05-21 10:21:57 -07:00
cpu-freq cpufreq: Drop the owner field from struct cpufreq_driver 2013-08-10 03:24:47 +02:00
cpuidle cpuidle: make a single register function for all 2013-04-23 13:45:22 +02:00
cris CRIS: Update documentation 2012-04-03 13:09:18 +02:00
crypto drivers/dma: remove unused support for MEMSET operations 2013-07-03 16:07:42 -07:00
development-process Documentation: development-process: Update -mm and -next URLs 2013-07-25 12:37:24 +02:00
device-mapper dm: add statistics support 2013-09-05 20:46:06 -04:00
devicetree Merge branch 'timers/core' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip 2013-09-16 16:10:26 -04:00
driver-model Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.infradead.org/users/vkoul/slave-dma 2013-09-10 13:37:36 -07:00
dvb [media] get_dvb_firmware: Fix the location of firmware for Terratec HTC 2013-01-01 11:18:26 -02:00
early-userspace Documentation: remove reference to 2.7 kernel in early-userspace 2013-08-20 12:47:28 +02:00
extcon Documentation/extcon: porting guide for Android kernel switch driver. 2012-04-20 09:24:27 -07:00
fault-injection doc: fix quite a few typos within Documentation 2012-11-19 14:28:24 +01:00
fb Documentation/fb/viafb.modes fix a typo 2013-08-20 12:41:11 +02:00
filesystems Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs 2013-09-18 19:22:22 -05:00
firmware_class firmware loader: document firmware cache mechanism 2012-11-14 15:07:18 -08:00
fmc doc: Fix typo "is is" in Documentations 2013-08-27 10:50:52 +02:00
frv doc: fix broken references 2011-09-27 18:08:04 +02:00
hid HID: uhid: use generic hidinput_input_event() 2013-07-31 10:33:05 +02:00
hwmon Merge branch 'hwmon-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jdelvare/staging 2013-09-07 10:54:19 -07:00
i2c Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial 2013-09-06 09:36:28 -07:00
i2o Documentation: Fix multiple typo in Documentation 2012-03-07 16:08:24 +01:00
ia64 Fix example error_injection_tool 2013-04-02 09:39:55 -07:00
ide Documentation: remove references to /etc/modprobe.conf 2012-03-30 16:03:15 -07:00
infiniband IB/ipoib: Add rtnl_link_ops support 2012-09-20 16:49:17 -04:00
input Merge branch 'master' into for-3.12/upstream 2013-09-04 10:49:57 +02:00
ioctl s390/sclp: Add SCLP character device driver 2013-06-26 21:10:13 +02:00
isdn Documentation: remove references to /etc/modprobe.conf 2012-03-30 16:03:15 -07:00
ja_JP HOWTO ja_JP sync 2013-07-24 22:06:34 -07:00
kbuild kconfig: do not allow more than one symbol to have 'option modules' 2013-09-05 11:10:08 +02:00
kdump Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial 2013-07-04 11:40:58 -07:00
ko_KR Correct unfaithful translation on HOWTO in ko_KR 2013-08-12 17:43:13 -07:00
laptops platform / thinkpad: Remove deprecated hotkey_report_mode parameter 2013-07-15 13:57:00 +02:00
leds Documentation: leds-lp5521,lp5523: update device attribute information 2013-08-26 17:22:13 -07:00
m68k block: remove refs to XD disks from documentation 2013-05-17 15:17:12 +02:00
make
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memory-devices memory: emif: add basic infrastructure for EMIF driver 2012-05-02 00:10:49 -07:00
metag doc: fix misspellings with 'codespell' tool 2013-05-28 12:02:12 +02:00
mips
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misc-devices doc: fix misspellings with 'codespell' tool 2013-05-28 12:02:12 +02:00
mmc mmc: core: Add in support to expose PRV for v4 MMCs 2013-03-22 12:10:42 -04:00
mn10300
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mtd doc: Fix typo "is is" in Documentations 2013-08-27 10:50:52 +02:00
namespaces userns: Recommend use of memory control groups. 2013-01-26 22:20:06 -08:00
netlabel
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networking bonding: Make alb learning packet interval configurable 2013-09-15 22:20:44 -04:00
nfc NFC: Update pn544 documentation 2013-01-10 01:27:46 +01:00
parisc parisc: document the shadow registers 2013-07-09 22:09:19 +02:00
pcmcia
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power power: Documentation: Update s2ram link 2013-08-27 10:54:52 +02:00
powerpc powerpc: Update the 00-Index in Documentation/powerpc 2013-08-27 14:44:27 +10:00
pps
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prctl seccomp: Make syscall skipping and nr changes more consistent 2012-10-02 21:14:29 +10:00
pti
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ptp
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rapidio doc: Fix typo in doucmentations 2013-07-25 12:34:15 +02:00
s390 s390/cio: add condev keyword to cio_ignore 2013-05-02 15:50:20 +02:00
scheduler sched/Documentation: Update sched-design-CFS.txt documentation 2013-09-12 19:14:17 +02:00
scsi SCSI misc on 20130915 2013-09-15 17:41:30 -04:00
security KEYS: Define a __key_get() wrapper to use rather than atomic_inc() 2013-09-24 10:35:16 +01:00
serial stallion: final cleanup 2013-06-03 14:31:39 -07:00
sh
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sound Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial 2013-09-06 09:36:28 -07:00
spi spi/documentation: Fix usage of __initdata 2013-08-20 12:52:28 +02:00
sysctl coredump: add new %P variable in core_pattern 2013-09-11 15:59:01 -07:00
target Documentation: replace strict_strtoul() with kstrtoul() 2013-08-20 12:56:26 +02:00
thermal thermal: thermal_core: allow binding with limits on bind_params 2013-09-03 09:10:24 -04:00
timers nohz_full: Add testing information to documentation 2013-08-18 18:06:55 -07:00
tpm drivers/tpm: add xen tpmfront interface 2013-08-09 10:57:06 -04:00
trace Documentation/trace: Correcting and extending tracepoint documentation 2013-08-27 10:57:11 +02:00
usb proc_usb_info.txt: Correct documentation about endianness of config descriptors 2013-08-12 12:24:27 -07:00
vDSO
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video4linux [media] V4L: Add support for integer menu controls with standard menu items 2013-08-18 07:12:59 -03:00
virtual Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial 2013-09-06 09:36:28 -07:00
vm mm: track vma changes with VM_SOFTDIRTY bit 2013-09-11 15:57:56 -07:00
w1 Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial 2013-07-04 11:40:58 -07:00
watchdog watchdog: delete mpcore_wdt driver 2013-07-11 21:47:58 +02:00
wimax
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x86 Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial 2013-09-06 09:36:28 -07:00
xtensa xtensa: document MMUv3 setup sequence 2013-05-09 01:07:09 -07:00
zh_CN Documentation/zh_CN/SubmittingPatches fix a typo 2013-08-20 12:41:25 +02:00
.gitignore
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00-INDEX doc: fix a typo in Documentation/00-INDEX 2013-08-27 10:53:07 +02:00
BUG-HUNTING
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Changes
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CodingStyle Documentation/CodingStyle: allow multiple return statements per function 2013-07-03 16:08:01 -07:00
DMA-API-HOWTO.txt Documentation/DMA-API-HOWTO.txt: fix typo 2013-02-27 19:10:23 -08:00
DMA-API.txt dma-debug: New interfaces to debug dma mapping errors 2012-10-24 17:06:43 +02:00
DMA-ISA-LPC.txt
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DMA-attributes.txt common: DMA-mapping: add DMA_ATTR_FORCE_CONTIGUOUS attribute 2012-11-29 03:30:34 -08:00
HOWTO Documentation: Updated broken link in HOWTO 2013-06-03 14:22:57 -07:00
IPMI.txt ipmi: add options to disable openfirmware and PCI scanning 2013-02-27 19:10:21 -08:00
IRQ-affinity.txt doc: fix a typo about irq affinity 2013-08-20 12:59:18 +02:00
IRQ-domain.txt irqdomain: update documentation 2012-12-05 23:52:10 +00:00
IRQ.txt
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Intel-IOMMU.txt
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Makefile mei: move doc files Documentation/misc-devices/mei 2012-05-09 13:59:09 -07:00
ManagementStyle Documentation: ManagementStyle: fixed typo 2012-06-28 12:03:15 +02:00
SAK.txt
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SM501.txt
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SecurityBugs
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SubmitChecklist Finally eradicate CONFIG_HOTPLUG 2013-06-03 14:20:18 -07:00
SubmittingDrivers
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SubmittingPatches Documentation/SubmittingPatches: Request summaries for commit references 2013-08-20 12:58:15 +02:00
VGA-softcursor.txt
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applying-patches.txt
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assoc_array.txt Add a generic associative array implementation. 2013-09-24 10:35:17 +01:00
atomic_ops.txt Documentation: Memory barrier semantics of atomic_xchg() 2013-01-08 14:14:55 -08:00
bad_memory.txt
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basic_profiling.txt
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bcache.txt Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial 2013-07-04 11:40:58 -07:00
binfmt_misc.txt
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braille-console.txt
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bt8xxgpio.txt
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btmrvl.txt
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bus-virt-phys-mapping.txt doc: fix broken references 2011-09-27 18:08:04 +02:00
cachetlb.txt Documentation: fix typo and update version in cachetlb.txt 2013-08-20 12:46:52 +02:00
circular-buffers.txt
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clk.txt clk: add support for clock reparent on set_rate 2013-08-19 12:27:17 -07:00
coccinelle.txt Coccinelle: Update information about the minimal version required 2013-07-03 22:58:20 +02:00
cpu-hotplug.txt kernel: delete __cpuinit usage from all core kernel files 2013-07-14 19:36:59 -04:00
cpu-load.txt
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cputopology.txt doc: Documentation/cputopology.txt fix typo 2013-09-04 12:59:47 +02:00
crc32.txt crc32: move long comment about crc32 fundamentals to Documentation/ 2012-03-23 16:58:37 -07:00
dcdbas.txt
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debugging-modules.txt
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debugging-via-ohci1394.txt
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dell_rbu.txt
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devices.txt /dev/oldmem: Remove the interface 2013-07-03 16:08:03 -07:00
digsig.txt crypto: digital signature verification support 2011-11-09 12:10:37 +02:00
dma-buf-sharing.txt dma-buf: Expose buffer size to userspace (v2) 2013-09-10 11:36:45 +05:30
dmaengine.txt Documentation: Fix multiple typo in Documentation 2012-03-07 16:08:24 +01:00
dmatest.txt dmatest: make module parameters writable 2013-08-22 22:57:32 -07:00
dontdiff x86: remove offsets.h from .gitignore and dontdiff 2012-11-19 14:10:53 +01:00
dynamic-debug-howto.txt doc: fix misspellings with 'codespell' tool 2013-05-28 12:02:12 +02:00
edac.txt Merge branch 'devel' 2012-07-29 21:11:05 -03:00
eisa.txt MCA: delete all remaining traces of microchannel bus support. 2012-05-17 19:06:13 -04:00
email-clients.txt
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flexible-arrays.txt
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futex-requeue-pi.txt
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gcov.txt
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gpio.txt Remove GENERIC_GPIO config option 2013-04-16 18:47:19 +09:00
highuid.txt
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hw_random.txt hwrng: Fix a wrong comment in Documentation/hw_random.txt 2013-03-10 18:16:36 +08:00
hwspinlock.txt doc: documentation/hwspinlock.txt fix typo 2013-08-27 10:46:02 +02:00
init.txt
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initrd.txt Documentation/initrd.txt: Change the location of util-linux 2012-05-25 16:18:34 +02:00
intel_txt.txt Documentation: remove depends on CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL 2013-01-11 11:38:03 -08:00
io-mapping.txt
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io_ordering.txt
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iostats.txt iostats.txt: add easy-to-find description for field 6 2013-04-29 15:18:50 +02:00
irqflags-tracing.txt
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isapnp.txt
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java.txt
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kernel-doc-nano-HOWTO.txt kernel-doc: Update references to SGML to refs to XML instead. 2013-05-28 12:02:11 +02:00
kernel-docs.txt doc: fix broken references 2011-09-27 18:08:04 +02:00
kernel-parameters.txt NFS client updates for Linux 3.12 2013-09-09 09:19:15 -07:00
kernel-per-CPU-kthreads.txt Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial 2013-07-04 11:40:58 -07:00
kmemcheck.txt Documentation/kmemcheck: update kmemcheck documentation 2013-08-27 10:47:05 +02:00
kmemleak.txt kmemleak: Handle percpu memory allocation 2011-12-02 16:12:42 +00:00
kobject.txt Documentation: Fix "struct kobj_type" to include newer members. 2012-09-04 16:06:34 -07:00
kprobes.txt
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kref.txt kref: Add kref_get_unless_zero documentation 2012-11-28 18:36:06 +10:00
ldm.txt
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local_ops.txt
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lockdep-design.txt lockdep: Update documentation for lock-class leak detection 2011-12-11 10:31:23 -08:00
lockstat.txt locking/stat: Fix a typo 2013-02-19 08:42:37 +01:00
lockup-watchdogs.txt watchdog: Update documentation 2012-02-11 15:11:28 +01:00
logo.gif
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logo.txt
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magic-number.txt wanrouter: completely decouple obsolete code from kernel. 2013-01-31 19:20:33 -05:00
md.txt md: remove doubled description for sync_max, merging it within sync_min/sync_max 2013-07-03 09:43:28 +10:00
media-framework.txt Merge branch 'v4l_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mchehab/linux-media 2013-07-13 12:09:57 -07:00
memory-barriers.txt doc: Fix memory-barrier control-dependency example 2013-08-19 21:39:42 -07:00
memory-hotplug.txt Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial 2013-09-06 09:36:28 -07:00
mono.txt Documentation: remove references to /etc/modprobe.conf 2012-03-30 16:03:15 -07:00
mutex-design.txt
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nommu-mmap.txt
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numastat.txt Doc: Update numastat.txt 2012-02-28 16:05:06 +01:00
oops-tracing.txt module,bug: Add TAINT_OOT_MODULE flag for modules not built in-tree 2011-11-07 07:54:42 +10:30
padata.txt
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parport-lowlevel.txt
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parport.txt Documentation: remove references to /etc/modprobe.conf 2012-03-30 16:03:15 -07:00
percpu-rw-semaphore.txt percpu-rw-semaphore: fix documentation typos 2012-09-26 19:56:15 +02:00
pi-futex.txt
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pinctrl.txt Documentation: pinctrl: Fix example code for pinctrl_register 2013-08-23 08:56:28 +02:00
pnp.txt
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preempt-locking.txt
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printk-formats.txt Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial 2013-09-06 09:36:28 -07:00
pwm.txt pwm: Add sysfs interface 2013-06-21 11:32:51 +02:00
ramoops.txt pstore/ftrace: Convert to its own enable/disable debugfs knob 2012-09-06 22:16:58 -07:00
rbtree.txt rbtree: move augmented rbtree functionality to rbtree_augmented.h 2012-10-09 16:22:40 +09:00
remoteproc.txt remoteproc: add rproc_report_crash function to notify rproc crashes 2012-09-18 12:53:22 +03:00
rfkill.txt doc: fix broken references 2011-09-27 18:08:04 +02:00
robust-futex-ABI.txt
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robust-futexes.txt
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rpmsg.txt Documentation: remove __dev* attributes. 2013-01-03 15:57:16 -08:00
rt-mutex-design.txt sched: Rename sched.c as sched/core.c in comments and Documentation 2013-06-19 12:58:42 +02:00
rt-mutex.txt
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rtc.txt rtc: add ability to push out an existing wakealarm using sysfs 2013-07-03 16:07:54 -07:00
serial-console.txt
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sgi-ioc4.txt
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sgi-visws.txt
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smsc_ece1099.txt mfd: smsc: Add support for smsc gpio io/keypad driver 2012-10-01 15:27:48 +02:00
sparse.txt Documentation/sparse.txt: document context annotations for lock checking 2012-12-17 17:15:23 -08:00
spinlocks.txt sched: Rename sched.c as sched/core.c in comments and Documentation 2013-06-19 12:58:42 +02:00
stable_api_nonsense.txt
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stable_kernel_rules.txt stable: Allow merging of backports for serious user-visible performance issues 2012-06-25 12:11:58 -07:00
static-keys.txt Documentation: Fix typo in multiple files in Documentation 2012-04-16 14:37:13 +02:00
svga.txt
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sysfs-rules.txt doc: Fix typo in doucmentations 2013-07-25 12:34:15 +02:00
sysrq.txt Documentation/sysrq: fix inconstistent help message of sysrq key 2013-04-30 17:04:10 -07:00
this_cpu_ops.txt percpu: add documentation on this_cpu operations 2013-04-04 10:24:53 -07:00
unaligned-memory-access.txt
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unicode.txt
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unshare.txt
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vfio.txt vfio: fix documentation 2013-09-05 16:36:21 -06:00
vgaarbiter.txt misc latin1 to utf8 conversions 2012-01-02 13:04:55 +01:00
video-output.txt
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vme_api.txt VME: Move API documentation to Documentation folder 2012-05-08 16:01:34 -07:00
volatile-considered-harmful.txt
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workqueue.txt workqueue: Correct/Drop references to gcwq in Documentation 2013-08-21 10:32:09 -04:00
ww-mutex-design.txt mutex: Add support for wound/wait style locks 2013-06-26 12:10:56 +02:00
xz.txt
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zorro.txt
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