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Len Brown f8475cef90 x86: use common aperfmperf_khz_on_cpu() to calculate KHz using APERF/MPERF
The goal of this change is to give users a uniform and meaningful
result when they read /sys/...cpufreq/scaling_cur_freq
on modern x86 hardware, as compared to what they get today.

Modern x86 processors include the hardware needed
to accurately calculate frequency over an interval --
APERF, MPERF, and the TSC.

Here we provide an x86 routine to make this calculation
on supported hardware, and use it in preference to any
driver driver-specific cpufreq_driver.get() routine.

MHz is computed like so:

MHz = base_MHz * delta_APERF / delta_MPERF

MHz is the average frequency of the busy processor
over a measurement interval.  The interval is
defined to be the time between successive invocations
of aperfmperf_khz_on_cpu(), which are expected to to
happen on-demand when users read sysfs attribute
cpufreq/scaling_cur_freq.

As with previous methods of calculating MHz,
idle time is excluded.

base_MHz above is from TSC calibration global "cpu_khz".

This x86 native method to calculate MHz returns a meaningful result
no matter if P-states are controlled by hardware or firmware
and/or if the Linux cpufreq sub-system is or is-not installed.

When this routine is invoked more frequently, the measurement
interval becomes shorter.  However, the code limits re-computation
to 10ms intervals so that average frequency remains meaningful.

Discerning users are encouraged to take advantage of
the turbostat(8) utility, which can gracefully handle
concurrent measurement intervals of arbitrary length.

Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
2017-06-27 01:47:32 +02:00
Documentation mm: larger stack guard gap, between vmas 2017-06-19 21:50:20 +08:00
arch x86: use common aperfmperf_khz_on_cpu() to calculate KHz using APERF/MPERF 2017-06-27 01:47:32 +02:00
block block: Fix a blk_exit_rl() regression 2017-06-14 13:27:50 -06:00
certs scripts/spelling.txt: add "intialise(d)" pattern and fix typo instances 2017-05-08 17:15:13 -07:00
crypto crypto : asymmetric_keys : verify_pefile:zero memory content before freeing 2017-06-09 13:29:50 +10:00
drivers x86: use common aperfmperf_khz_on_cpu() to calculate KHz using APERF/MPERF 2017-06-27 01:47:32 +02:00
firmware firmware/Makefile: force recompilation if makefile changes 2017-05-08 17:15:10 -07:00
fs mm: larger stack guard gap, between vmas 2017-06-19 21:50:20 +08:00
include x86: use common aperfmperf_khz_on_cpu() to calculate KHz using APERF/MPERF 2017-06-27 01:47:32 +02:00
init Merge branch 'core-rcu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip 2017-05-10 10:30:46 -07:00
ipc mm: introduce kv[mz]alloc helpers 2017-05-08 17:15:12 -07:00
kernel Merge branch 'timers-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip 2017-06-18 18:46:51 +09:00
lib Merge branch 'linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/herbert/crypto-2.6 2017-06-15 17:54:51 +09:00
mm mm: larger stack guard gap, between vmas 2017-06-19 21:50:20 +08:00
net net: don't global ICMP rate limit packets originating from loopback 2017-06-14 15:33:58 -04:00
samples samples/bpf: run cleanup routines when receiving SIGTERM 2017-05-11 21:43:30 -04:00
scripts scripts/gdb: make lx-dmesg command work (reliably) 2017-06-02 15:07:38 -07:00
security selinux: fix double free in selinux_parse_opts_str() 2017-06-13 17:34:22 +10:00
sound ALSA: timer: Fix missing queue indices reset at SNDRV_TIMER_IOCTL_SELECT 2017-06-07 10:25:23 +02:00
tools Merge branch 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip 2017-06-18 18:42:31 +09:00
usr initramfs: fix disabling of initramfs (and its compression) 2017-06-02 15:07:37 -07:00
virt KVM: arm/arm64: Handle possible NULL stage2 pud when ageing pages 2017-06-06 15:28:40 +02:00
.cocciconfig scripts: add Linux .cocciconfig for coccinelle 2016-07-22 12:13:39 +02:00
.get_maintainer.ignore
.gitattributes .gitattributes: set git diff driver for C source code files 2016-10-07 18:46:30 -07:00
.gitignore kbuild: Add support to generate LLVM assembly files 2017-04-25 08:13:52 +09:00
.mailmap power supply and reset changes for the v4.12 series (part 2) 2017-05-12 12:02:21 -07:00
COPYING
CREDITS avr32: remove support for AVR32 architecture 2017-05-01 09:27:15 +02:00
Kbuild kbuild: Consolidate header generation from ASM offset information 2017-04-13 05:43:37 +09:00
Kconfig
MAINTAINERS A few overdue GPIO patches for the v4.12 kernel: 2017-06-11 11:34:27 -07:00
Makefile Linux 4.12-rc6 2017-06-19 22:19:37 +08:00
README README: add a new README file, pointing to the Documentation/ 2016-10-24 08:12:35 -02:00

README

Linux kernel
============

This file was moved to Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst

Please notice that there are several guides for kernel developers and users.
These guides can be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF.

In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or
``make pdfdocs``.

There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory,
several of them using the Restructured Text markup notation.
See Documentation/00-INDEX for a list of what is contained in each file.

Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the
requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about
the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.