diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 6454b95..3634d48 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 *.pyc
 .*.swp
 *.o
+a.out
 
diff --git a/board/bootstub.c b/board/bootstub.c
index ba4eb29..12195bb 100644
--- a/board/bootstub.c
+++ b/board/bootstub.c
@@ -27,16 +27,16 @@ int main() {
 
   // validate length
   int len = _app_start[0];
-  if (len < 4) fail();
+  if (len < 8) fail();
 
   // compute SHA hash
   char digest[SHA_DIGEST_SIZE];
-  SHA_hash(&_app_start[1], len, digest);
+  SHA_hash(&_app_start[1], len-4, digest);
 
   // verify RSA signature
-  /*if (!RSA_verify(&rsa_key, ((void*)&_app_start[1]) + len, 0x80, digest, SHA_DIGEST_SIZE)) {
+  if (!RSA_verify(&rsa_key, ((void*)&_app_start[0]) + len, RSANUMBYTES, digest, SHA_DIGEST_SIZE)) {
     fail();
-  }*/
+  }
 
   // jump to flash
   ((void(*)()) _app_start[1])();
diff --git a/board/build.mk b/board/build.mk
index 13b466d..c9c7a08 100644
--- a/board/build.mk
+++ b/board/build.mk
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ obj/gitversion.h:
 	echo "const uint8_t gitversion[] = \"RELEASE\";" > $@
 endif
 
-obj/cert.h:
+obj/cert.h: tools/getcertheader.py
 	./tools/getcertheader.py $(CERT) > $@
 
 obj/bootstub.$(PROJ_NAME).o: bootstub.c early.h obj/cert.h
diff --git a/board/crypto/rsa.c b/board/crypto/rsa.c
index e4d9436..f98ba64 100644
--- a/board/crypto/rsa.c
+++ b/board/crypto/rsa.c
@@ -184,13 +184,33 @@ static const uint8_t sha_padding[RSANUMBYTES] = {
 };
 */
 
+static const uint8_t sha_padding_1024[RSANUMBYTES] = {
+    0x00, 0x01, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00,
+
+    // 20 bytes of hash go here.
+    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
+};
+
 // SHA-1 of PKCS1.5 signature sha_padding for 2048 bit, as above.
 // At the location of the bytes of the hash all 00 are hashed.
-static const uint8_t kExpectedPadShaRsa2048[SHA_DIGEST_SIZE] = {
+/*static const uint8_t kExpectedPadShaRsa2048[SHA_DIGEST_SIZE] = {
     0xdc, 0xbd, 0xbe, 0x42, 0xd5, 0xf5, 0xa7, 0x2e,
     0x6e, 0xfc, 0xf5, 0x5d, 0xaf, 0x9d, 0xea, 0x68,
     0x7c, 0xfb, 0xf1, 0x67
-};
+};*/
 
 // Verify a 2048-bit RSA PKCS1.5 signature against an expected hash.
 // Both e=3 and e=65537 are supported.  hash_len may be
@@ -230,13 +250,24 @@ int RSA_verify(const RSAPublicKey *key,
 
     modpow(key, buf);  // In-place exponentiation.
 
+#ifdef TEST_RSA
+    printf("sig\n");
+    for (i=0;i<len;i++) { if(i!=0 && i%0x10 == 0) printf("\n"); printf("%02X ", signature[i]); } printf("\n");
+    printf("hash\n");
+    for (i=0;i<hash_len;i++) { if(i!=0 && i%0x10 == 0) printf("\n"); printf("%02X ", hash[i]); } printf("\n");
+    printf("out\n");
+    for (i=0;i<RSANUMBYTES;i++) { if(i!=0 && i%0x10 == 0) printf("\n"); printf("%02X ", buf[i]); } printf("\n");
+    printf("target\n");
+    for (i=0;i<RSANUMBYTES;i++) { if(i!=0 && i%0x10 == 0) printf("\n"); printf("%02X ", sha_padding_1024[i]); } printf("\n");
+#endif
+
     // Xor sha portion, so it all becomes 00 iff equal.
     for (i = len - hash_len; i < len; ++i) {
         buf[i] ^= *hash++;
     }
 
     // Hash resulting buf, in-place.
-    switch (hash_len) {
+    /*switch (hash_len) {
         case SHA_DIGEST_SIZE:
             padding_hash = kExpectedPadShaRsa2048;
             SHA_hash(buf, len, buf);
@@ -245,11 +276,18 @@ int RSA_verify(const RSAPublicKey *key,
             return 0;
     }
 
+
     // Compare against expected hash value.
     for (i = 0; i < hash_len; ++i) {
         if (buf[i] != padding_hash[i]) {
             return 0;
         }
+    }*/
+
+    for (i = 0; i < RSANUMBYTES; ++i) {
+        if (buf[i] != sha_padding_1024[i]) {
+            return 0;
+        }
     }
 
     return 1;  // All checked out OK.
diff --git a/board/tests/test_rsa.c b/board/tests/test_rsa.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4a7d6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/board/tests/test_rsa.c
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+gcc -DTEST_RSA test_rsa.c ../crypto/rsa.c ../crypto/sha.c && ./a.out
+*/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#define MAX_LEN 0x40000
+char buf[MAX_LEN];
+
+#include "../crypto/sha.h"
+#include "../crypto/rsa.h"
+#include "../obj/cert.h"
+
+int main() {
+  FILE *f = fopen("../obj/panda.bin", "rb");
+  int tlen = fread(buf, 1, MAX_LEN, f);
+  fclose(f);
+  printf("read %d\n", tlen);
+  uint32_t *_app_start = (uint32_t *)buf;
+
+  int len = _app_start[0];
+  char digest[SHA_DIGEST_SIZE];
+  SHA_hash(&_app_start[1], len-4, digest);
+  printf("SHA hash done\n");
+
+  if (!RSA_verify(&rsa_key, ((void*)&_app_start[0]) + len, RSANUMBYTES, digest, SHA_DIGEST_SIZE)) {
+    printf("RSA fail\n");
+  } else {
+    printf("RSA match!!!\n");
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/board/tools/getcertheader.py b/board/tools/getcertheader.py
index 94bb0c7..15d63a8 100755
--- a/board/tools/getcertheader.py
+++ b/board/tools/getcertheader.py
@@ -1,11 +1,43 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 import sys
+import struct
 from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
 
+def egcd(a, b):
+	if a == 0:
+		return (b, 0, 1)
+	else:
+		g, y, x = egcd(b % a, a)
+		return (g, x - (b // a) * y, y)
+
+def modinv(a, m):
+	g, x, y = egcd(a, m)
+	if g != 1:
+		raise Exception('modular inverse does not exist')
+	else:
+		return x % m
+
+def to_c_string(x):
+  mod = (hex(x)[2:-1].rjust(0x100, '0'))
+  hh = ''.join('\\x'+mod[i:i+2] for i in range(0, 0x100, 2))
+  return hh
+
+def to_c_uint32(x):
+  nums = []
+  for i in range(0x20):
+    nums.append(x%(2**32))
+    x /= (2**32)
+  return "{"+'U,'.join(map(str, nums))+"U}"
+
 rsa = RSA.importKey(open(sys.argv[1]).read())
-mod = (hex(rsa.n)[2:-1].rjust(0x100, '0'))
-hh = ''.join('\\x'+mod[i:i+2] for i in range(0, 0x100, 2))
-print 'char rsa_mod[] = "'+hh+'";'
-print 'int rsa_e = %d;' % rsa.e
+rr = pow(2**1024, 2, rsa.n)
+n0inv = 2**32 - modinv(rsa.n, 2**32)
+
+print 'RSAPublicKey rsa_key = {.len = 0x20,'
+print '  .n0inv = %dU,' % n0inv
+print '  .n = %s,' % to_c_uint32(rsa.n)
+print '  .rr = %s,' % to_c_uint32(rr)
+print '  .exponent = %d,' % rsa.e
+print '};'