%
% Glossary.tex
%
% SatNOGS Optical Unofficial Guide
%
% Copyright (C) 2022, Jeff Moe
%
% This document is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
% International Public License (CC BY-SA 4.0) by Jeff Moe.
%

%%%%%%%%%%%
% ACRONYM %
%%%%%%%%%%%

\newacronym[
	description={is a sequential nine-digit number assigned by the \gls{USSPACECOM} in the order of launch or discovery to all artificial objects in the \glspl{orbit} of Earth and those that left Earth's \glspl{orbit}. Space Command shares the catalog via \url{space-track.org}, which is maintained by the 18th \gls{SDS}. NORAD ID is also known as a satellite catalog number.%
	\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Satellite_Catalog_Number}}%
		}]
{NORAD ID}{NORAD ID}{North American Aerospace Defense Catalog Number}

\newacronym[
	description={is a type of piezoelectric motor powered by the ultrasonic vibration of a component, the stator, placed against another component, the rotor or slider depending on the scheme of operation (rotation or linear translation). One common application of ultrasonic motors is in camera lenses where they are used to move lens elements as part of the auto-focus system.%
	\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Ultrasonic_motor}}%
		}]
{USM}{USM}{Ultrasonic motor}

\newacronym[
	description={An operating system is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs.%
	\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Operating_system}}%
		}]
{OS}{OS}{Operating System}

\newacronym[
	description={Instrument Neutral Distributed Interface is a \gls{DCS} protocol to enable control, data acquisition and exchange among hardware devices and software front ends, emphasizing astronomical instrumentation.%
	\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Instrument-Neutral-Distributed-Interface}}%
		}]
{INDI}{INDI}{Instrument Neutral Distributed Interface}

\newacronym[
	description={Debian Free Software Guidelines is a set of guidelines that the \gls{Debian} Project uses to determine whether a software license is a \gls{free-software} license, which in turn is used to determine whether a piece of software can be included in \gls{Debian}. The DFSG is part of the \gls{Debian} Social Contract.%
	\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Debian-Free-Software-Guidelines}}%
		}]
{DFSG}{DFSG}{Debian Free Software Guidelines}

\newacronym[
	description={Flexible Image Transport System is an open standard defining a digital file format useful for storage, transmission and processing of data: formatted as multi-dimensional arrays (for example a 2D image), or tables. FITS is the most commonly used digital file format in astronomy. The FITS standard was designed specifically for astronomical data, and includes provisions such as describing photometric and spatial calibration information, together with image origin metadata.%
	\footnote{\cite{Wiki22:fitswikipfreeencyc}}%
		}]
{FITS}{FITS}{Flexible Image Transport System}

\newacronym[
	description={Software-defined radio is a radio communication system where components that have been traditionally implemented in analog hardware (e.g. mixers, filters, amplifiers, modulators/demodulators, detectors, etc.) are instead implemented by means of software on a \gls{PC} or \gls{embedded system}. SDRs are used in \gls{SatNOGS} \glspl{ground-station}.%
			\footnote{\cite{Wiki22:softwdefinradiowikipfreeencyc}}
		}]
{SDR}{SDR}{Software-defined radio}

\newacronym[
	description={Libre Space Foundation is a non-profit foundation registered since 2015 in Greece and the creators of the SatNOGS project.%
			\footnote{\url{https://libre.space/about-us/}}
		}]
{LSF}{LSF}{Libre Space Foundation}

\newacronym[
	description={Radio frequency is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or of a magnetic, electric or electromagnetic field or mechanical system in the frequency range from around 20 \gls{kHz} to around 300 \gls{GHz}. This is roughly between the upper limit of audio frequencies and the lower limit of infrared frequencies; these are the frequencies at which energy from an oscillating current can radiate off a conductor into space as radio waves.%
			\footnote{\cite{Wiki22:radiofrequwikipfreeencyc}}
		}]
{RF}{RF}{radio frequency}

\newacronym[
	description={Very High Frequency is the \gls{ITU} designation for the range of radio frequency electromagnetic waves (radio waves) from 30 to 300 \gls{MHz}, with corresponding wavelengths of ten meters to one meter. Frequencies immediately below VHF are denoted high frequency (HF), and the next higher frequencies are known as \gls{UHF}.%
			\footnote{\cite{Wiki22:veryhighfrequwikipfreeencyc}}
		}]
{VHF}{VHF}{Very High Frequency}

\newacronym[
	description={Ultra High Frequency is the \gls{ITU} designation for radio frequencies in the range between 300 \gls{MHz} and 3 \gls{GHz}, also known as the decimetre band as the wavelengths range from one meter to one tenth of a meter (one decimeter). Lower frequency signals fall into the \gls{VHF} or lower bands.%
			\footnote{\cite{Wiki22:ultrahighfrequwikipfreeencyc}}
		}]
{UHF}{UHF}{Ultra High Frequency}

\newacronym[
	description={The International Telecommunication Union is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for many matters related to information and communication technologies.%
			\footnote{\cite{Wiki22:intertelecunionwikipfreeencyc}}
		}]
{ITU}{ITU}{International Telecommunication Union}

\newacronym[
	description={``GNU's Not Unix!'' is an extensive collection of \gls{free-software}, which can be used as an \gls{OS} or can be used in parts with other \glspl{OS}. The use of the completed GNU tools led to the family of operating systems popularly known as \gls{Linux}. Most of GNU is licensed under the GNU Project's own \gls{GPL}. GNU is also the project within which the \gls{free-software} concept originated.%
			\footnote{\cite{Wiki22:gnuwikipfreeencyc}}
		}]
{GNU}{GNU}{GNU's Not Unix!}

\newacronym[
	description={GNU General Public License is a series of widely used \gls{free-software} licenses that guarantee end users the four freedoms to run, study, share, and modify the software. The license was the first copyleft for general use. Historically, the GPL license family has been one of the most popular software licenses in the \gls{FLOSS} software domain.%
			\footnote{\cite{Wiki22:gnugenerpublilicenwikipfreeencyc}}
		}]
{GPL}{GPL}{GNU General Public License}

\newacronym[
	description={Simplified General Perturbations models apply to near earth objects with an orbital period of less than 225 minutes. Simplified \glspl{perturbation} models are a set of five mathematical models (SGP, SGP4, SDP4, SGP8 and SDP8) used to calculate orbital state vectors of \glspl{satellite} and space debris relative to the Earth-centered inertial coordinate system. This set of models is often referred to collectively as SGP4 due to the frequency of use of that model particularly with \gls{TLE} sets produced by \gls{NORAD} and \gls{NASA}. These models predict the effect of \glspl{perturbation} caused by the Earth's shape, drag, radiation, and gravitation effects from other bodies such as the sun and moon. See also: \gls{SDP}.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Simplified_perturbations_models}}
		}]
{SGP}{SGP}{Simplified General Perturbations}

\newacronym[
	description={Simplified Deep Space Perturbations models apply to objects with an orbital period greater than 225 minutes, which corresponds to an altitude of 5,877.5 km, assuming a circular orbit. See also: \gls{SGP}.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Simplified_perturbations_models}}
		}]
{SDP}{SDP}{Simplified Deep Space Perturbations}

\newacronym[
	description={North American Aerospace Defense Command is a combined organization of the United States and Canada that provides aerospace warning, air sovereignty, and protection for Canada and the continental United States.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:NORAD}}
		}]
{NORAD}{NORAD}{North American Aerospace Defense Command}

\newacronym[
	description={is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:NASA}}
		}]
{NASA}{NASA}{National Aeronautics and Space Administration}

\newacronym[
	description={open-source hardware consists of physical artifacts of technology designed and offered by the open-design movement. Both \gls{FOSS} and open-source hardware are created by the open-source culture movement and apply a like concept to a variety of components. It is sometimes, thus, referred to as \gls{FOSH}. The term usually means that information about the hardware is easily discerned so that others can make it---coupling it closely to the maker movement. Hardware design (i.e. mechanical drawings, schematics, bills of material, \gls{PCB} layout data, \gls{HDL} source code and integrated circuit layout data), in addition to the software that drives the hardware, are all released under free/\gls{libre} terms. The original sharer gains feedback and potentially improvements on the design from the \gls{FOSH} community. There is now significant evidence that such sharing can drive a high return on investment for the scientific community. It is not enough to merely use an \gls{open-source} license; an \gls{open-source} product or project will follow \gls{open-source} principles, such as modular design and community collaboration.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Open-source-hardware}}
		}]
{OSH}{OSH}{open-source hardware}

\newacronym[
	description={free and \gls{open-source} software is a term used to refer to groups of software consisting of both \gls{free-software} and \gls{OSS} where anyone is freely licensed to use, copy, study, and change the software in any way, and the source code is openly shared so that people are encouraged to voluntarily improve the design of the software. This is in contrast to proprietary software, where the software is under restrictive copyright licensing and the source code is usually hidden from the users. FOSS maintains the software user's civil liberty rights. Other benefits of using FOSS can include decreased software costs, increased security and stability (especially in regard to malware), protecting privacy, education, and giving users more control over their own hardware. Free and open-source operating systems such as \gls{Linux} and descendants of \gls{BSD} are widely utilized today, powering millions of servers, desktops, smartphones (e.g., Android), and other devices. Free-software licenses and \gls{open-source} licenses are used by many software packages. The free software movement and the \gls{open-source} software movement are online social movements behind widespread production and adoption of FOSS, with the former preferring to use the terms \gls{FLOSS} or free/\gls{libre}.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Free-and-open-source-software}}
		}]
{FOSS}{FOSS}{free and open-source software}

\newacronym[
	description={open-source software is computer software that is released under a license in which the copyright holder grants users the rights to use, study, change, and distribute the software and its source code to anyone and for any purpose. Open-source software may be developed in a collaborative public manner. Open-source software is a prominent example of open collaboration, meaning any capable user is able to participate online in development, making the number of possible contributors indefinite. The ability to examine the code facilitates public trust in the software. Open source code can be used for studying and allows capable end users to adapt software to their personal needs in a similar way user scripts and custom style sheets allow for web sites, and eventually publish the modification as a fork for users with similar preference.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Open-source-software}}
		}]
{OSS}{OSS}{open-source software}

%%%
% Acronyms without citations.
%%%
\newacronym[description={hertz.}]{Hz}{Hz}{hertz}
\newacronym[description={kilohertz.}]{kHz}{kHz}{kilohertz}
\newacronym[description={megahertz.}]{MHz}{MHz}{megahertz}
\newacronym[description={gigahertz.}]{GHz}{GHz}{gigahertz}
\newacronym[description={digital single-lens reflex.}]{DSLR}{DSLR}{digital single-lens reflex}
\newacronym[description={Power over Ethernet.}]{PoE}{PoE}{Power over Ethernet}
\newacronym[description={Global Navigation \Gls{satellite} System.}]{GNSS}{GNSS}{Global Navigation Satellite System}
\newacronym[description={Global Positioning System.}]{GPS}{GPS}{Global Positioning System}
\newacronym[description={Ingress Protection code 67.}]{IP67}{IP67}{Ingress Protection code 67}
\newacronym[description={Space Situational Awareness.}]{SSA}{SSA}{Space Situational Awareness}
\newacronym[description={World Coordinate System.}]{WCS}{WCS}{World Coordinate System}
\newacronym[description={Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (pronounced ``see-moss'').}]{CMOS}{CMOS}{Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor}
\newacronym[description={charge-coupled device.}]{CCD}{CCD}{charge-coupled device}
\newacronym[description={Spacecraft Identification and Localization.}]{SIDLOC}{SIDLOC}{Spacecraft Identification and Localization}
\newacronym[description={Rowe-Ackermann Schmidt \Gls{astrograph}.}]{RASA}{RASA}{Rowe-Ackermann Schmidt Astrograph}
\newacronym[description={Commodity off the shelf.}]{COTS}{COTS}{Commodity off the shelf}
\newacronym[description={Free open-source hardware. See also: \gls{OSH}.}]{FOSH}{FOSH}{Free open-source hardware}
\newacronym[description={Free/libre and open-source software. See also: \gls{FOSS}.}]{FLOSS}{FLOSS}{Free/libre and open-source software}
\newacronym[description={Simple Imaging Polynomial.}]{SIP}{SIP}{Simple Imaging Polynomial}
\newacronym[description={Field of view.}]{FOV}{FOV}{Field of View}
\newacronym[description={distributed control system.}]{DCS}{DCS}{distributed control system}
\newacronym[description={Portable Network Graphics.}]{PNG}{PNG}{Portable Network Graphics}
\newacronym[description={Comma Separated Value.}]{CSV}{CSV}{Comma Separated Value}
\newacronym[description={Network Time Protocol.}]{NTP}{NTP}{Network Time Protocol}
\newacronym[description={Internet Protocol.}]{IP}{IP}{Internet Protocol}
\newacronym[description={Internet Protocol version 6.}]{IPv6}{IPv6}{Internet Protocol version 6}
\newacronym[description={International Space Station.}]{ISS}{ISS}{International Space Station}
\newacronym[description={Low Earth Orbit.}]{LEO}{LEO}{Low Earth Orbit}
\newacronym[description={Geostationary orbit.}]{GEO}{GEO}{Geostationary orbit}
\newacronym[description={High Earth orbit.}]{HEO}{HEO}{High Earth orbit}
\newacronym[description={Medium Earth orbit.}]{MEO}{MEO}{Medium Earth orbit}
\newacronym[description={Geosynchronous orbit.}]{GSO}{GSO}{Geosynchronous orbit}
\newacronym[description={Printed circuit coard.}]{PCB}{PCB}{Printed Circuit Board}
\newacronym[description={Hardware description language.}]{HDL}{HDL}{Hardware description lanuage}
\newacronym[description={Video for Linux v2.}]{V4L2}{V4L2}{Video for Linux v2}
\newacronym[description={Berkeley Software Distribution.}]{BSD}{BSD}{Berkeley Software Distribution}
\newacronym[description={Software development kit.}]{SDK}{SDK}{Software development kit}
\newacronym[description={Mobile Industry Processor Interface.}]{MIPI}{MIPI}{Mobile Industry Processor Interface}
\newacronym[description={All Sky Monitor.}]{ASM}{ASM}{All Sky Monitor}
\newacronym[description={Pan-tilt-zoom.}]{PTZ}{PTZ}{Pan-tilt-zoom}
\newacronym[description={Pulse per second.}]{PPS}{PPS}{Pulse per second}
\newacronym[description={Universal Serial Bus.}]{USB}{USB}{Pulse per second}
\newacronym[description={Next Unit of Computing.}]{NUC}{NUC}{Pulse per second}
\newacronym[description={Volt.}]{V}{V}{Volt}
\newacronym[description={Direct current.}]{DC}{DC}{Direct current}
\newacronym[description={Equatorial.}]{EQ}{EQ}{equatorial}
\newacronym[description={I don't know.}]{IDK}{IDK}{I don't know}
\newacronym[description={Database.}]{DB}{DB}{Database}
\newacronym[description={USB video device class.}]{UVC}{UVC}{USB video device class}
\newacronym[description={Computer vision.}]{CV}{CV}{Computer vision}
\newacronym[description={Package Installer for Python.}]{PIP}{PIP}{Package Installer for Python}
\newacronym[description={Random-access memory.}]{RAM}{RAM}{Random-access memory}
\newacronym[description={Global Navigation Satellite System.}]{GLONASS}{GLONASS}{Global Navigation Satellite System}
\newacronym[description={BeiDou Navigation Satellite System.}]{BDS}{BDS}{BeiDou Navigation Satellite System}
\newacronym[description={Single board computer.}]{SBC}{SBC}{Single board computer}
\newacronym[description={Basic Input/Output System.}]{BIOS}{BIOS}{Basic Input/Output System}
\newacronym[description={open-source appropriate technology.}]{OSAT}{OSAT}{open-source appropriate technology}
\newacronym[description={Personal Computer.}]{PC}{PC}{Personal Computer}
\newacronym[description={General Conference on Weights and Measures.}]{CGPM}{CGPM}{General Conference on Weights and Measures}
\newacronym[description={application programming interface.}]{API}{API}{application programming interface}
\newacronym[description={central processing unit.}]{CPU}{CPU}{central processing unit}
\newacronym[description={New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars.}]{NGC}{NGC}{New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars}
\newacronym[description={Forward-looking infrared.}]{FLIR}{FLIR}{Forward-looking infrared}
\newacronym[description={United States Space Command.}]{USSPACECOM}{USSPACECOM}{United States Space Command}
\newacronym[description={United States Space Command.}]{SPACECOM}{SPACECOM}{United States Space Command}
\newacronym[description={Space Defense Squadron.}]{SDS}{SDS}{Space Defense Squadron}
% POSIX
% INDIGO


%%%%%%%%%%%
% Acronyms with citations
%%%%%%%%%%%

\newacronym[
	description={The International System of Units, known by the international abbreviation SI in all languages and sometimes pleonastically as the SI system, is the modern form of the metric system and the world's most widely used system of measurement. Established and maintained by the \gls{CGPM}, it is the only system of measurement with an official status in nearly every country in the world, employed in science, technology, industry, and everyday commerce.%
			\footnote{\cite{Wiki22:intersysteunitswikipfreeencyc}}
		}]
{SI}{SI}{International System of Units}

\newacronym[
	description={a simple two-axis mount for supporting and rotating an instrument about two perpendicular axes --- one vertical and the other horizontal. Rotation about the vertical axis varies the azimuth (compass bearing) of the pointing direction of the instrument. Rotation about the horizontal axis varies the altitude angle (angle of elevation) of the pointing direction. These mounts are used, for example, with telescopes, cameras, and radio antennas.%
			\footnote{\cite{Wiki21:altazmountwikipfreeencyc}}
		}]
{Alt-Az}{Alt/Az mount}{Altazimuth mount}

\newacronym[
	description={two-line element set is a data format encoding a list of orbital elements of an Earth-orbiting object for a given point in time, the epoch. Using a suitable prediction formula, the state (position and velocity) at any point in the past or future can be estimated to some accuracy. TLEs can describe the trajectories only of Earth-orbiting objects. TLEs are widely used as input for projecting the future orbital tracks of space debris for purposes of characterizing ``future debris events to support risk analysis, close approach analysis, collision avoidance maneuvering'' and forensic analysis. The format was originally intended for punched cards, encoding a set of elements on two standard 80-column cards.%
			\footnote{\cite{Wiki22:twolineelemesetwikipfreeencyc}}
		}]
{TLE}{TLE}{two-line element set}

%%%%%%%%%%%%
% GLOSSARY %
%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Glossary entries without citations that are not acronyms.
%%%%%%%%%%%%

\newglossaryentry{artificial satellite}
{ name={artificial satellite},
	description={is a \gls{satellite} put into \gls{orbit} by humans, not ``naturally'' occurring.}}

\newglossaryentry{libre-software}
{ name={libre software},
	description={See: \gls{free-software}.}}


%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Glossary entries with footnotes that are not acronyms.
%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newglossaryentry{AstroImageJ}
{ name={AstroImageJ},
	description={Application for astronomy and \gls{satellite} image analysis.%
			\footnote{\url{https://www.astro.louisville.edu/software/astroimagej/}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{skymap}
{ name={skymap},
	description={is part of \gls{sattools}. Visualize \glspl{satellite} on a map of the sky.%
			\footnote{\url{https://github.com/cbassa/sattools/blob/master/skymap.c}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{satid}
{ name={satid},
	description={is part of \gls{sattools}.%
			\footnote{\url{https://github.com/cbassa/sattools/blob/master/satid.c}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{sattools}
{ name={sattools},
	description={Satellite Tracking Toolkit. The main \texttt{sattools} applications are being ported to \gls{stvid} and other related \gls{Python} applications.%
			\footnote{\url{https://github.com/cbassa/sattools}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{satpredict}
{ name={satpredict},
	description={is a software application to compute \gls{satellite} predictions. It is used by \gls{stvid}.%
			\footnote{\url{https://github.com/cbassa/satpredict}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{stvid}
{ name={stvid},
	description={\Gls{satellite} tools video application for acquiring and processing sky images.%
			\footnote{\url{https://github.com/cbassa/stvid}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{hough3d-code}
{ name={hough3d-code},
	description={is a software application for Iterative Hough Transform for Line Detection in 3D Point Clouds.%
			\footnote{\url{https://gitlab.com/pierros/hough3d-code}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{ground-station}
{ name={ground station},
	description={a setup of equipment such as computers, cameras, \glspl{SDR}, antennas, and receivers, located on Earth, observing space.
		}}

\newglossaryentry{SatNOGS-Optical}
{ name={SatNOGS Optical},
	description={is a project by the \gls{LSF} to add optical ground stations to the SatNOGS network.%
			\footnote{\url{https://satnogs.org/}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{SatNOGS DB}
{ name={SatNOGS DB},
	description={is an effort to create an hollistic, unified, global database for all artificial objects in space (\glspl{satellite} and spacecrafts). Users can view and export the data, contribute to it, or connect applications using an \gls{API}. It is part of the \gls{SatNOGS} project.%
			\footnote{\url{https://db.satnogs.org/}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{SatNOGS}
{ name={SatNOGS},
	description={Open Source global network of \gls{satellite} ground stations.%
			\footnote{\url{https://satnogs.org/}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{optical-ground-station}
{ name={optical ground station},
	description={a ground station using optical equipment (cameras) instead of antennas.
		}}

\newglossaryentry{antenna}
{ name={antenna},
	description={the interface between radio waves propagating through space and electric currents moving in metal conductors, used with a transmitter or receiver.%
			\footnote{\cite{Wiki22:antenradiowikipfreeencyc}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{mast}
{ name={mast},
	description={typically tall structures designed to support antennas for telecommunications and broadcasting.%
			\footnote{\cite{Wiki22:radiomaststowerwikipfreeencyc}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{rotator}
{ name={rotator},
	description={a device used to change the orientation, within the horizontal plane, of a directional antenna. Most antenna rotators have two parts, the rotator unit and the controller. The controller is normally placed near the equipment which the antenna is connected to, while the rotator is mounted on the antenna mast directly below the antenna. Rotators are commonly used in amateur radio.%
			\footnote{\cite{Wiki22:antenrotatwikipfreeencyc}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{Debian}
{ name={Debian},
	description={a \gls{GNU}/\gls{Linux} distribution composed of free and open-source software, developed by the community-supported Debian Project, which was established by Ian Murdock on August 16, 1993. Debian is the basis for many other distributions, notably Ubuntu.
			Debian is one of the oldest operating systems based on the Linux kernel.%
			\footnote{\cite{Wiki22:debiawikipfreeencyc}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{Linux}
{ name={Linux},
	description={is a free and open-source, monolithic, modular, multitasking, \gls{Unix}-like operating system kernel. It was originally authored in 1991 by Linus Torvalds for his i386-based \gls{PC}, and it was soon adopted as the kernel for the \gls{GNU} \gls{OS}, which was written to be a free (\gls{libre}) replacement for \gls{Unix}.%
			\footnote{\cite{Wiki22:linuxkernewikipfreeencyc}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{open-source}
{ name={Open Source},
	description={is source code that is made freely available for possible modification and redistribution. Products include permission to use the source code, design documents, or content of the product. The open-source model is a decentralized software development model that encourages open collaboration. A main principle of open-source software development is peer production, with products such as source code, blueprints, and documentation freely available to the public. The open-source movement in software began as a response to the limitations of proprietary code. The model is used for projects such as in open-source \gls{appropriate technology}.%
			\footnote{\cite{Wiki22:opensourcwikipfreeencyc}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{free-software}
{ name={Free Software},
	description={or \gls{libre} software, is computer software distributed under terms that allow users to run the software for any purpose as well as to study, change, and distribute it and any adapted versions. Free software is a matter of liberty, not price; all users are legally free to do what they want with their copies of a free software (including profiting from them) regardless of how much is paid to obtain the program. Computer programs are deemed ``free'' if they give end-users (not just the developer) ultimate control over the software and, subsequently, over their devices.%
			\footnote{\cite{Wiki22:freesoftwwikipfreeencyc}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{Matrix}
{ name={Matrix},
	description={an open standard and communication protocol for real-time communication.%
			\footnote{\cite{Wiki22:matriprotowikipfreeencyc}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{telescope}
{ name={telescope},
	description={is an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects, or various devices used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. The word telescope now refers to a wide range of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Telescope}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{astrograph}
{ name={astrograph},
	description={is a telescope designed for the sole purpose of astrophotography. Astrographs are mostly used in wide-field astronomical surveys of the sky and for detection of objects such as asteroids, meteors, and comets.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Astrograph}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{satellite}
{ name={satellite},
	description={is an object intentionally placed into \gls{orbit} in outer space. Except for passive satellites, most satellites have an electricity generation system for equipment on board. Most satellites also have a method of communication to ground stations, called transponders. Many satellites use a standardized bus to save cost and work, the most popular of which is small \Glspl{cubesat}. Similar satellites can work together as a group, forming constellations.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Satellite}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{cubesat}
{ name={CubeSat},
	description={is a class of miniaturized \gls{satellite} based around a form factor consisting of 10 cm (3.9 in) cubes. CubeSats have a mass of no more than 2 kg per unit, and often use \gls{COTS} components for their electronics and structure. CubeSats are put into \gls{orbit} by deployers on the \gls{ISS}, or launched as secondary payloads on a launch vehicle. More than a thousand CubeSats have been launched.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:CubeSat}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{orbit}
{ name={orbit},
	description={is the curved trajectory of an object such as the trajectory of a planet around a star, or of a natural satellite around a planet, or of an artificial satellite around an object or position in space such as a planet, moon, asteroid, or \gls{Lagrange point}. Normally, orbit refers to a regularly repeating trajectory, although it may also refer to a non-repeating trajectory. To a close approximation, planets and \glspl{satellite} follow elliptic orbits, with the center of mass being orbited at a focal point of the ellipse, as described by Kepler's laws of planetary motion. For most situations, orbital motion is adequately approximated by Newtonian mechanics, which explains gravity as a force obeying an inverse-square law. However, Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, which accounts for gravity as due to curvature of spacetime, with orbits following geodesics, provides a more accurate calculation and understanding of the exact mechanics of orbital motion.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Orbit}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{perturbation}
{ name={perturbation},
	description={is the complex motion of a massive body subjected to forces other than the gravitational attraction of a single other massive body. The other forces can include a third (fourth, fifth, etc.) body, resistance, as from an atmosphere, and the off-center attraction of an oblate or otherwise misshapen body.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Perturbation-astronomy}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{telemetry}
{ name={telemetry},
	description={is the in situ collection of measurements or other data at remote points and their automatic transmission to receiving equipment (telecommunication) for monitoring. The word is derived from the Greek roots tele, ``remote'', and metron, ``measure''. Although the term commonly refers to wireless data transfer mechanisms (e.g., using radio, ultrasonic, or infrared systems), it also encompasses data transferred over other media such as a telephone or computer network, optical link or other wired communications like power line carriers.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Telemetry}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{Grafana}
{ name={Grafana},
	description={is a multi-platform \gls{open-source} analytics and interactive visualization web application. It provides charts, graphs, and alerts for the web when connected to supported data sources. Users can create complex monitoring dashboards using interactive query builders. It is used by the \gls{SatNOGS} project to visualize \gls{satellite} \gls{telemetry}.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Grafana}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{Python}
{ name={Python},
	description={is a high-level, interpreted, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability. It is often described as a ``batteries included'' language due to its comprehensive standard library. Python consistently ranks as one of the most popular programming languages. It is one of the main languages of the \gls{SatNOGS} project and \gls{stvid}.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Python-language}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{C}
{ name={C},
	description={is a general-purpose computer programming language. It was created in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie, and remains very widely used and influential. By design, C's features cleanly reflect the capabilities of the targeted \glspl{CPU}. It has found lasting use in \glspl{OS}, device drivers, protocol stacks, though decreasingly for application software. C is commonly used on computer architectures that range from the largest supercomputers to the smallest microcontrollers and \glspl{embedded system}. C is used in the \gls{sattools} suite of applications.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:C-language}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{libre}
{ name={libre},
	description={The English adjective free is commonly used in one of two meanings: ``at no monetary cost'' (gratis) and ``with little or no restriction'' (libre). This ambiguity of free can cause issues where the distinction is important, as it often is in dealing with laws concerning the use of information, such as copyright and patents. The terms gratis and libre may be used to categorise computer programs, according to the licenses and legal restrictions that cover them, in the \gls{free-software} and \gls{open-source} communities, as well as the broader free culture movement. For example, they are used to distinguish freeware (software gratis) from \gls{free-software} (software libre). ``Think free as in free speech, not free beer.'' -- Richard Stallman.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Gratis-versus-libre}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{plate-solver}
{ name={plate solver},
	description={is software implementing a technique used in astronomy and applied on celestial images. Solving an image is finding match between the imaged stars and a \gls{star catalogue}. The solution is a math model describing the corresponding astronomical position of each image pixel. The position of reference catalogue stars has to be known to a high accuracy so an astrometric reference catalogue is used. The image solution contains a reference point, often the image centre, image scale, image orientation and in some cases an image distortion model. With the astrometric solution it is possible to: 1) Calculate the celestial coordinates of any object on the image. 2) Synchronize the telescope mount or satellite pointing position to the center of the image taken. Astrometric solving programs extract the star x,y positions from the celestial image, groups them in three-star triangles or four-star quads. Then it calculates for each group a geometric hash code based on the distance and/or angles between the stars in the group. It then compares the resulting hash codes with the hash codes created from catalogue stars to find a match. If it finds sufficient statistically reliable matches, it can calculate transformation factors. There are several conventions to model the transformation from image pixel location to the corresponding celestial coordinates. The simplest linear model is called the \gls{WCS}. A more advanced convention is \gls{SIP} describing the transformation in polynomials to cope with non-linear geometric distortion in the celestial image, mainly caused by the optics.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Astrometric-solving}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{OpenCV}
{ name={OpenCV},
	description={Open Source Computer Vision Library is a library of programming functions mainly aimed at real-time computer vision.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:OpenCV}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{KStars}
{ name={KStars},
	description={is a planetarium program. It provides an accurate graphical representation of the night sky, from any location on Earth, at any date and time. The display includes up to 100 million stars (with additional addons), 13,000 deep sky objects, constellations from different cultures, all 8 planets, the Sun and Moon, and thousands of comets, asteroids, satellites, and supernovae. It has features to appeal to users of all levels, from informative hypertext articles about astronomy, to robust control of telescopes and \gls{CCD} cameras, and logging of observations of specific objects.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:KStars}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{gPhoto}
{ name={gPhoto},
	description={is a set of software applications and libraries for use in digital photography. gPhoto supports not just retrieving of images from camera devices, but also upload and remote controlled configuration and capture, depending on whether the camera supports those features. gPhoto supports more than 2500 cameras.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:GPhoto}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{Raspberry Pi}
{ name={Raspberry Pi},
	description={is a series of small \glspl{SBC}. It is typically used by computer and electronic hobbyists as an \gls{embedded system}.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Raspberry_Pi}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{Celestron}
{ name={Celestron},
	description={is an American company based in Torrance, California, United States, that manufactures telescopes and distributes telescopes, binoculars, spotting scopes, microscopes, and accessories.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Celestron}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{amateur radio}
{ name={amateur radio},
	description={is the use of the radio frequency spectrum for purposes of non-commercial exchange of messages, wireless experimentation, self-training, private recreation, radiosport, contesting, and emergency communications.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Amateur_radio}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{firmware}
{ name={firmware},
	description={firmware is a specific class of computer software that provides the low-level control for a device's specific hardware. Firmware, such as the \gls{BIOS} of a \gls{PC}, may contain basic functions of a device, and may provide hardware abstraction services to higher-level software such as \glspl{OS}. For less complex devices, firmware may act as the device's complete \gls{OS}, performing all control, monitoring and data manipulation functions. Typical examples of devices containing firmware are \glspl{embedded system} (running embedded software), home and personal-use appliances, computers, and computer peripherals.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Firmware}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{gpsd}
{ name={gpsd},
	description={is a computer software program that collects data from a \gls{GPS} receiver and provides the data via an \gls{IP} network to potentially multiple client applications in a server-client application architecture. Gpsd may be run as a \gls{daemon} to operate transparently as a background task of the server. The network interface provides a standardized data format for multiple concurrent client applications.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Gpsd}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{star catalogue}
{ name={star catalogue},
	description={is an \gls{astronomical catalogue} that lists stars. In astronomy, many stars are referred to simply by catalogue numbers. There are a great many different \glspl{star catalogue} which have been produced for different purposes over the years. Most modern catalogues are available in electronic format and can be freely downloaded from space agencies' data centres. The largest is being compiled from the spacecraft Gaia and thus far has over a billion stars. Completeness and accuracy are described by the faintest limiting magnitude and the accuracy of the positions.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Star_catalogue}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{sky chart}
{ name={sky chart},
	description={or star chart or star map, also called or sky map, is a map of the night sky. Astronomers divide these into grids to use them more easily. They are used to identify and locate constellations and astronomical objects such as stars, nebulae, and galaxies. They have been used for human navigation since time immemorial. Note that a sky chart differs from an \gls{astronomical catalogue}, which is a listing or tabulation of astronomical objects for a particular purpose.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Star_chart}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{astronomical catalogue}
{ name={astronomical catalogue},
	description={is a list or tabulation of astronomical objects, typically grouped together because they share a common type, morphology, origin, means of detection, or method of discovery. The oldest and largest are \glspl{star catalogue}. Hundreds have been published, including general ones and special ones for such items as infrared stars, variable stars, giant stars, multiple star systems, and star clusters. Since the late 20th century catalogs are increasingly often compiled by computers from an automated survey, and published as computer files rather than on paper.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Astronomical_catalog}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{Unix}
{ name={Unix},
	description={is a family of multitasking, multiuser computer \glspl{OS} that derive from the original AT\&T Unix, whose development started in 1969 at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Unix}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{appropriate technology}
{ name={appropriate technology},
	description={is a movement (and its manifestations) encompassing technological choice and application that is small-scale, affordable by locals, decentralized, labor-intensive, energy-efficient, environmentally sustainable, and locally autonomous. Appropriate technology has been used to address issues in a wide range of fields. Today appropriate technology is often developed using \gls{open-source} principles, which have led to \gls{OSAT} and thus many of the plans of the technology can be freely found on the Internet.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Appropriate_technology}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{distribution}
{ name={distribution},
	description={is an \gls{OS} made from a software collection that includes the \gls{Linux} kernel and, often, a package management system. \gls{Linux} users usually obtain their \gls{OS} by downloading one of the \gls{Linux} distributions, which are available for a wide variety of systems ranging from \glspl{embedded system} and \glspl{PC} to powerful supercomputers. A typical \gls{Linux} distribution comprises a \gls{Linux} kernel, \gls{GNU} tools and libraries, additional software, documentation, a window system, a window manager, and a desktop environment. Most of the included software is \gls{FOSS} made available both as compiled binaries and in source code form, allowing modifications to the original software.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Linux_distribution}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{Lagrange point}
{ name={Lagrange point},
	description={are points of equilibrium for small-mass objects under the influence of two massive orbiting bodies. At the Lagrange points, the gravitational forces of the two large bodies and the centrifugal force balance each other. This can make Lagrange points an excellent location for satellites, as few \gls{orbit} corrections are needed to maintain the desired orbit. Small objects placed in orbit at Lagrange points are in equilibrium in at least two directions relative to the center of mass of the large bodies.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Lagrange_point}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{GoTo}
{ name={GoTo},
	description={In amateur astronomy, ``GoTo'' refers to a type of telescope mount and related software that can automatically point a telescope at astronomical objects that the user selects. Both axes of a GoTo mount are driven by a motor and controlled by a computer. It may be either a microprocessor-based integrated controller or an external \gls{PC}. This differs from the single-axis semi-automated tracking of a traditional clock-drive equatorial mount. The user can command the mount to point the telescope to the celestial coordinates that the user inputs, or to objects in a pre-programmed database including ones from the Messier catalogue, the \gls{NGC}, and even major Solar System bodies (the Sun, Moon, and planets). Like a standard \gls{EQ} mount, \gls{EQ} GoTo mounts can track the night sky by driving the right ascension axis. Since both axes are computer controlled, GoTo technology also allows telescope manufacturers to add \gls{EQ} tracking to mechanically simpler altazimuth mounts.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:GoTo_telescopes}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{slew}
{ name={slew},
	description={The process of rotating a telescope to observe a different region of the sky.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Slewing}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{toolchain}
{ name={toolchain},
	description={is a set of programming tools that is used to perform a complex software development task or to create a software product, which is typically another computer program or a set of related programs.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Toolchain}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{pipeline}
{ name={pipeline},
	description={is a set of data processing elements connected in series, where the output of one element is the input of the next one. The elements of a pipeline are often executed in parallel or in time-sliced fashion.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Pipeline_computing}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{embedded system}
{ name={embedded system},
	description={is a computer system---a combination of a computer processor, computer memory, and input/output peripheral devices---that has a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electronic system. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including electrical or electronic hardware and mechanical parts. Because an \gls{embedded system} typically controls physical operations of the machine that it is embedded within, it often has real-time computing constraints. \Glspl{embedded system} control many devices in common use today. it was estimated that ninety-eight percent of all microprocessors manufactured were used in \glspl{embedded system}.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Embedded_system}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{star trail}
{ name={star trail},
	description={is a type of photograph that uses long exposure times to capture diurnal circles, the apparent motion of stars in the night sky due to Earth's rotation. A star-trail photograph shows individual stars as streaks across the image, with longer exposures yielding longer arcs.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Star_trail}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{satellite flare}
{ name={satellite flare},
	description={is a satellite pass visible to the naked eye as a brief, bright ``flare''. It is caused by the reflection toward the Earth below of sunlight incident on satellite surfaces such as solar panels and \glspl{antenna}. Many satellites flare with magnitudes bright enough to see with the unaided eye, i.e. brighter than magnitude +6.5.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Satellite_flare}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{photon}
{ name={photon},
	description={is an elementary particle that is a quantum of the electromagnetic field, including electromagnetic radiation such as light and radio waves, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force. Photons are massless, so they always move at the speed of light in vacuum, 299,792,458 meters/second.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Photon}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{software repository}
{ name={software repository},
	description={or repo for short, is a storage location for software packages. Often a table of contents is also stored, along with metadata. A software repository is typically managed by source control or repository managers. Package managers allow automatically installing and updating repositories (sometimes called ``packages'').%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Software_repository}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{upstream}
{ name={upstream},
	description={refers to a direction toward the original authors or maintainers of software that is distributed as source code, and is a qualification of either a version (released by the original authors, based on their upstream source code), a bug or a patch.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Upstream}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{daemon}
{ name={daemon},
	description={a service in a \gls{Unix} \gls{OS}.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Daemon}}
		}}

\newglossaryentry{Teledyne FLIR}
{ name={Teledyne FLIR},
	description={a subsidiary of Teledyne Technologies, specializes in the design and production of thermal imaging cameras and sensors. The name is based on the acronym \gls{FLIR}.%
			\footnote{\cite{enwiki:Teledyne_FLIR}}
		}}


% TO ADD
% stphot
% giza (pgplot?)
% iOptron
% hamlib
% allsky
% Ekos
% RamSat
% Dashboard
% photon
% decay
% astrometry.net
% astap
% Source Extractor
% Watney
% PiCamera
% IMX174
% f-stop etc.
% sat constellations
% fork
% port
% pier
% ham
% star trails
% EQ equitorial
% fork software, fork mount
% sidereal
% List of Software ?
% Sky-Watcher
% Intel
% Kowa
% Odroid
% List of Companies
% Yaesu
% git
% all commands run
% numpy
% stellarium
% Galileo
% U-blox
% systemd
% gpsmon
% cgps
% indiserver
% ntpd
% lsusb
% copyleft
% epoch
% debris
% network
% noise
% workstation
% mean
% standard deviation
% max
% timestamp
% frame
% IOD
% COSPAR
% track = tracking mount
% track = satellite black line drawn on PNG...
