-- Title: Show Redshifts of Galaxies

function get_distance(obj_pos, ref_pos)
   -- Returns distance Earth-object in Mpc.
   distance = ref_pos:distanceto(obj_pos) * km2Mpc
   return distance
end

function get_z(distance)
   -- Returns redshift z.
   -- Hubble constant = 73.2 (km/s)/Mpc, WMAP 3years, best
   -- http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/m_mm/tp_links.html
   local H0 = 73.2
   local c = 299792.458
   z0 = (H0 * distance)/c
   z = z0*(1 - z0/4)/(1 - z0/2)^2
   -- d <= 2 * c/H0
   return z
end

function rgb2hex(r,g,b)
   -- Converts color code from RGB to Hex
   local hex = string.format("#%.2x%.2x%.2x", math.floor(r), math.floor(g), math.floor(b))
   return hex
end

function get_color(z_rel)
   -- Returns Hex color code from z_rel
   if z_rel > 1 then
       z_rel = 1
   end
   --local green = 255 * (1 - z_rel)/(1 + math.sqrt(z_rel))
   local green = 255 * (1 - z_rel)^2
   local red   = 255 
   local blue  = 255* math.sqrt(green/255)
   hex_color   = rgb2hex(red, green, blue)
   return hex_color
end
   
function mark_galaxies(sel_pos)
   zz = z_max(sel_pos)
   for dso in celestia:dsos() do
      if dso:type() == "galaxy" then
         dso_pos = dso:getposition()
         local d = get_distance(dso_pos,sel_pos)
         local z_rel = get_z(d)/zz
         local hex_color = get_color(z_rel)
         dso:mark( hex_color, "disk", 1, 1 )
      end
   end
end

function z_max(ref_pos)
   -- determine maximal redshift in catalog wrto ref_pos
   z_old = 0
   for dso in celestia:dsos() do
      if dso:type() == "galaxy" then
         dso_pos = dso:getposition()
         local d = get_distance(dso_pos, ref_pos)
         local z = get_z(d)
         if z > z_old then
             z_max = z
             z_old = z_max
             dsomax = dso
         end    
      end
   end
   return z_max
end

----------
-- main -- 
----------
celestia:unmarkall()

celestia:show("markers")
km2Mpc = 1/3.08568025e19
MW = celestia:find("Milky Way")
MW_pos = MW:getposition()
--
-- select and specially mark Milky Way
--
celestia:select(MW)
celestia:mark(MW)
--
-- color encode all other galaxies according to their redshift
-- relative to Milky Way
--
mark_galaxies(MW_pos)
--
-- move observer to a distance of 1000 Mpc from Milky Way
--
observer = celestia:getobserver()
observer:gotodistance(MW, 1000/km2Mpc,5)

sel_old = MW
   
while true do   
   sel = celestia:getselection()
   --
   -- specially mark possible new selection, unmark the old one
   --
   if sel ~= sel_old then
       sel:unmark()
       sel_old:unmark()
       sel:mark("#00FF00","disk",10,1)
       sel_old = sel
   end    
   
   sel_pos = sel:getposition()
   
   -- obs_pos = observer:getposition()
   
   if sel:type() == "galaxy" then
      local d = get_distance(MW_pos,sel_pos)
      local z = get_z(d)
      celestia:print(sel:name()..": "..string.format("redshift z = %5.3f,  distance = %5.2f  Mpc", z,d).."\nmax. redshift: "..dsomax:name(),5,-1,-1,0,6)
   end
   wait(0)
end