%
% Hardware.tex
%
% SatNOGS Optical Unofficial Guide
%
% Copyright (C) 2022, Jeff Moe
%
% This document is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
% International Public License (CC BY-SA 4.0) by Jeff Moe.
%

\section{Overview of Hardware}
\label{sec:hardware-overview}
\index{hardware}
Hardware considerations for a \gls{SatNOGS-Optical} \gls{ground-station}.

Main hardware components in an optical ground station:

%\begin{lstlisting}[caption={Hardware List Overview}]
%\end{lstlisting}
\begin{itemize}
	\item Lens. \index{lens}
	\item Camera. \index{camera}
	\item Computer. \index{computer}
\end{itemize}

Other components:
%\begin{lstlisting}[caption={Hardware Components}]
%\end{lstlisting}
\begin{itemize}
	\item Ethernet cable. \index{ethernet}
	\item USB cable. \index{USB}
	\item Enclosure. \index{enclosure}
	\item Power supply. \index{power supply}
	\item Tripod. \index{tripod}
	\item Manual or tracking mount. \index{mount}
	\item Power source, grid or alternative.
	\item Internet, wifi or ethernet.
\end{itemize}

\section{Camera}
\label{sec:hardware-camera}

Cameras being tested:

%\begin{lstlisting}[caption={Cameras under test}]
%\end{lstlisting}
\begin{itemize}
	\item The Imaging Source IMX174 based. \index{The Imaging Source}\index{IMX174}
	\item ZWO ASI IMX174 based monochrome. \index{ZWO ASI}
	\item \gls{DSLR} camera. \index{DSLR}
	\item PiCamera. \index{PiCamera}
\end{itemize}

\fbox{
	\parbox{\linewidth}{
		\textcolor{red}{NOTICE:} \\
		ZWO/ASI cameras require proprietary non-libre software on host computer.
		\index{proprietary}
	}
}

\section{Lenses}
\label{sec:hardware-lenses}
\index{lens}

Lenses being tested:

%\begin{lstlisting}[caption={Lenses under test}]
%\end{lstlisting}
\begin{itemize}
	\item Kowa 50mm f1.4 C-mount. \index{Kowa}
	\item Canon EF 50mm f1.2 USM. \index{Canon}
\end{itemize}

\section{Embedded Computer}
\label{sec:hardware-computer}
\index{hardware}\index{computer}
Computers, such as Raspberry Pi, that can be used.
\index{Raspberry Pi}

%\begin{lstlisting}[caption={Embedded computer options}]
%\end{lstlisting}
\begin{itemize}
	\item Odroid N2 --- Confirmed working. \index{Odroid}
	\item Odroid M1 --- Testing.
	\item Raspberry Pi 3 --- ?
	\item Raspberry Pi 4 --- ?
	\item Intel NUC --- ? \index{Intel}
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Comparison}
Comparing embedded computers for \gls{SatNOGS-Optical}.

\begin{center}
\begin{table}[ht]
	\begin{center}
	\hspace*{-1.5cm}
	\begin{tabularx}{250pt}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
		\hline
		Make   & Model & Architecture & Max RAM & eMMC \\
		\hline
		Odroid & N2    & ARM64        & 4 GB    & Yes  \\
		\hline
		Odroid & M1    & ARM64        & 8 GB    & Yes  \\
		\hline
	\end{tabularx}
	\caption{Comparison of embedded computers}
	\label{compare-embed}
	\end{center}
\end{table}
\end{center}

\section{Example Tracking Ground Station}
\label{sec:hardware-tracking-ground-station}
This is an example of a tracking \gls{ground-station}.
It is a prototype, so there are lots of mis-matched,
overbuilt/underbuilt parts.
The full setup on tripod, can be seen in
\ref{fig:video-enclosure-mount-tripod}, page \pageref{fig:video-enclosure-mount-tripod}.

A close up of the setup can be seen at
\ref{fig:video-enclosure-mount}, page \pageref{fig:video-enclosure-mount},
showing the Skywatcher telescope tracking mount,
a Bosch \gls{PoE} camera enclosure,
and through the glass the camera lens.
\index{Skywatcher}\index{telescope}\index{mount}\index{Bosch}\index{PoE}\index{camera}
In the background is a white antenna for \gls{GNSS} (\gls{GPS}) and a solar power setup.
\index{GNSS}\index{GPS}\index{solar power}

\begin{figure}[h!]
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[keepaspectratio=true,height=0.40\textheight,width=1.00\textwidth,angle=0]{video-enclosure-mount-web.png}
		\caption{SatNOGS-Optical ground station prototype.}
		\label{fig:video-enclosure-mount}
		\index{telescope}\index{mount}\index{camera}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

The camera lens is protected by the enclosure glass, which is \gls{IP67} (XXX) rated.
See a close up of the front of the enclosure and camera lens in figure
\ref{fig:video-enclosure-front}, page \pageref{fig:video-enclosure-front}.

\begin{figure}[h!]
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[keepaspectratio=true,height=0.40\textheight,width=1.00\textwidth,angle=0]{video-enclosure-front-web.png}
		\caption{Camera enclosure, front side, showing glass and lens.}
		\label{fig:video-enclosure-front}
		\index{enclosure}\index{camera}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

As seen in figure
\ref{fig:video-enclosure-left}, page \pageref{fig:video-enclosure-left},
the left side of the enclosure has a hinge for opening.
The bottom white component is part of the telescope mount.

\begin{figure}[h!]
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[keepaspectratio=true,height=0.40\textheight,width=1.00\textwidth,angle=0]{video-enclosure-left-web.png}
		\caption{Camera enclosure, left side, showing hinge.}
		\label{fig:video-enclosure-left}
		\index{enclosure}\index{camera}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

Figure
\ref{fig:video-enclosure-right}, page \pageref{fig:video-enclosure-right},
shows the right side of the enclosure.
Two mounting bolt access points can be seen on each end.
These are unscrewed with a hex head tool (supplied) to open the enclosure.

\begin{figure}[h!]
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[keepaspectratio=true,height=0.40\textheight,width=1.00\textwidth,angle=0]{video-enclosure-right-web.png}
		\caption{Camera enclosure, right side.}
		\label{fig:video-enclosure-right}
		\index{enclosure}\index{camera}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

The enclosure is opened from the right side, as shown in figure
\ref{fig:video-enclosure-right}, page \pageref{fig:video-enclosure-right}.

\begin{figure}[h!]
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[keepaspectratio=true,height=0.40\textheight,width=1.00\textwidth,angle=0]{video-enclosure-right-open-web.png}
		\caption{Camera enclosure, right side, opened.}
		\label{fig:video-enclosure-right-open}
		\index{enclosure}\index{camera}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

Inside the camera enclosure, as shown in Figure
\ref{fig:video-enclosure-top-open}, page \pageref{fig:video-enclosure-top-open},
is:

%\begin{lstlisting}[caption={SatNOGS Optical Ground Station Components}]
%\end{lstlisting}
\begin{itemize}
	\item The Imaging Source DMX camera with Sony IMX174 CMOS. \index{The Imaging Source}\index{IMX174}
	\item Kowa 50mm f1.4 C-mount lens.\index{Kowa}
	\item Odroid N2 running \gls{Debian} \gls{GNU} \gls{Linux} system. \index{Odroid}\index{Debian}\index{GNU}\index{Linux}
	\item Odroid N2 plastic enclosure, large half, hole drilled for ad-hoc mounting.
	\item Blower fan on top, with power cable (came with Bosch enclosure). \index{fan}
	\item Fan, maybe not so useful, with power cable (came with Bosch enclosure).
	\item Camera mounting plate (came with Bosch enclosure). \index{camera}
	\item Camera mounting screws, M6x25 (?).
	\item Ethernet cable, internal, short white (came with Bosch enclosure). \index{ethernet}
	\item \gls{PoE} ethernet cable, external, plugged into \gls{PoE} switch for data and power. \index{PoE}
	\item USB 3 cable, internal, way too long, needs replacing, from Odroid to camera. XXX flat connector
	\item USB 3 cable, external, from Odroid to telescope mount. XXX large rectangle connector \index{USB}
	\item ``Custom'' 12V DC power cable from Bosch \gls{PoE} to Odroid.
	\item Assorted nuts, bolts, and washers for an ad-hoc standoff height.
\end{itemize}

\begin{figure}[h!]
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[keepaspectratio=true,height=0.40\textheight,width=1.00\textwidth,angle=0]{video-enclosure-top-open-web.png}
		\caption{Camera enclosure, opened.}
		\label{fig:video-enclosure-top-open}
		\index{enclosure}\index{camera}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

The top of the enclosure shows weather protection and a sun visor.
See figure \ref{fig:video-enclosure-top}, page \pageref{fig:video-enclosure-top}.

\begin{figure}[h!]
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[keepaspectratio=true,height=0.40\textheight,width=1.00\textwidth,angle=0]{video-enclosure-top-web.png}
		\caption{Camera enclosure, top.}
		\label{fig:video-enclosure-top}
		\index{enclosure}\index{camera}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}