skcipher_walk_done may be called with an error by internal or
external callers. For those internal callers we shouldn't unmap
pages but for external callers we must unmap any pages that are
in use.
This patch distinguishes between the two cases by checking whether
walk->nbytes is zero or not. For internal callers, we now set
walk->nbytes to zero prior to the call. For external callers,
walk->nbytes has always been non-zero (as zero is used to indicate
the termination of a walk).
Reported-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Fixes: 5cde0af2a9 ("[CRYPTO] cipher: Added block cipher type")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Tested-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Pull crypto updates from Herbert Xu:
"Here is the crypto update for 5.3:
API:
- Test shash interface directly in testmgr
- cra_driver_name is now mandatory
Algorithms:
- Replace arc4 crypto_cipher with library helper
- Implement 5 way interleave for ECB, CBC and CTR on arm64
- Add xxhash
- Add continuous self-test on noise source to drbg
- Update jitter RNG
Drivers:
- Add support for SHA204A random number generator
- Add support for 7211 in iproc-rng200
- Fix fuzz test failures in inside-secure
- Fix fuzz test failures in talitos
- Fix fuzz test failures in qat"
* 'linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/herbert/crypto-2.6: (143 commits)
crypto: stm32/hash - remove interruptible condition for dma
crypto: stm32/hash - Fix hmac issue more than 256 bytes
crypto: stm32/crc32 - rename driver file
crypto: amcc - remove memset after dma_alloc_coherent
crypto: ccp - Switch to SPDX license identifiers
crypto: ccp - Validate the the error value used to index error messages
crypto: doc - Fix formatting of new crypto engine content
crypto: doc - Add parameter documentation
crypto: arm64/aes-ce - implement 5 way interleave for ECB, CBC and CTR
crypto: arm64/aes-ce - add 5 way interleave routines
crypto: talitos - drop icv_ool
crypto: talitos - fix hash on SEC1.
crypto: talitos - move struct talitos_edesc into talitos.h
lib/scatterlist: Fix mapping iterator when sg->offset is greater than PAGE_SIZE
crypto/NX: Set receive window credits to max number of CRBs in RxFIFO
crypto: asymmetric_keys - select CRYPTO_HASH where needed
crypto: serpent - mark __serpent_setkey_sbox noinline
crypto: testmgr - dynamically allocate crypto_shash
crypto: testmgr - dynamically allocate testvec_config
crypto: talitos - eliminate unneeded 'done' functions at build time
...
crypto_skcipher_encrypt() and crypto_skcipher_decrypt() have grown to be
more than a single indirect function call. They now also check whether
a key has been set, and with CONFIG_CRYPTO_STATS=y they also update the
crypto statistics. That can add up to a lot of bloat at every call
site. Moreover, these always involve a function call anyway, which
greatly limits the benefits of inlining.
So change them to be non-inline.
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Based on 1 normalized pattern(s):
this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
it under the terms of the gnu general public license as published by
the free software foundation either version 2 of the license or at
your option any later version
extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier
GPL-2.0-or-later
has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 3029 file(s).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190527070032.746973796@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
skcipher_walk_done() assumes it's a bug if, after the "slow" path is
executed where the next chunk of data is processed via a bounce buffer,
the algorithm says it didn't process all bytes. Thus it WARNs on this.
However, this can happen legitimately when the message needs to be
evenly divisible into "blocks" but isn't, and the algorithm has a
'walksize' greater than the block size. For example, ecb-aes-neonbs
sets 'walksize' to 128 bytes and only supports messages evenly divisible
into 16-byte blocks. If, say, 17 message bytes remain but they straddle
scatterlist elements, the skcipher_walk code will take the "slow" path
and pass the algorithm all 17 bytes in the bounce buffer. But the
algorithm will only be able to process 16 bytes, triggering the WARN.
Fix this by just removing the WARN_ON(). Returning -EINVAL, as the code
already does, is the right behavior.
This bug was detected by my patches that improve testmgr to fuzz
algorithms against their generic implementation.
Fixes: b286d8b1a6 ("crypto: skcipher - Add skcipher walk interface")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.10+
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Some algorithms have a ->setkey() method that is not atomic, in the
sense that setting a key can fail after changes were already made to the
tfm context. In this case, if a key was already set the tfm can end up
in a state that corresponds to neither the old key nor the new key.
For example, in lrw.c, if gf128mul_init_64k_bbe() fails due to lack of
memory, then priv::table will be left NULL. After that, encryption with
that tfm will cause a NULL pointer dereference.
It's not feasible to make all ->setkey() methods atomic, especially ones
that have to key multiple sub-tfms. Therefore, make the crypto API set
CRYPTO_TFM_NEED_KEY if ->setkey() fails and the algorithm requires a
key, to prevent the tfm from being used until a new key is set.
[Cc stable mainly because when introducing the NEED_KEY flag I changed
AF_ALG to rely on it; and unlike in-kernel crypto API users, AF_ALG
previously didn't have this problem. So these "incompletely keyed"
states became theoretically accessible via AF_ALG -- though, the
opportunities for causing real mischief seem pretty limited.]
Fixes: f8d33fac84 ("crypto: skcipher - prevent using skciphers without setting key")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.16+
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
The majority of skcipher templates (including both the existing ones and
the ones remaining to be converted from the "blkcipher" API) just wrap a
single block cipher algorithm. This includes cbc, cfb, ctr, ecb, kw,
ofb, and pcbc. Add a helper function skcipher_alloc_instance_simple()
that handles allocating an skcipher instance for this common case.
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Stephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Remove dead code related to internal IV generators, which are no longer
used since they've been replaced with the "seqiv" and "echainiv"
templates. The removed code includes:
- The "givcipher" (GIVCIPHER) algorithm type. No algorithms are
registered with this type anymore, so it's unneeded.
- The "const char *geniv" member of aead_alg, ablkcipher_alg, and
blkcipher_alg. A few algorithms still set this, but it isn't used
anymore except to show via /proc/crypto and CRYPTO_MSG_GETALG.
Just hardcode "<default>" or "<none>" in those cases.
- The 'skcipher_givcrypt_request' structure, which is never used.
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
skcipher_walk_virt() can still sleep even with atomic=true, since that
only affects the later calls to skcipher_walk_done(). But,
skcipher_walk_virt() only has to allocate memory for some input data
layouts, so incorrectly calling it with preemption disabled can go
undetected. Use might_sleep() so that it's detected reliably.
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
There have been a pretty ridiculous number of issues with initializing
the report structures that are copied to userspace by NETLINK_CRYPTO.
Commit 4473710df1 ("crypto: user - Prepare for CRYPTO_MAX_ALG_NAME
expansion") replaced some strncpy()s with strlcpy()s, thereby
introducing information leaks. Later two other people tried to replace
other strncpy()s with strlcpy() too, which would have introduced even
more information leaks:
- https://lore.kernel.org/patchwork/patch/954991/
- https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/10434351/
Commit cac5818c25 ("crypto: user - Implement a generic crypto
statistics") also uses the buggy strlcpy() approach and therefore leaks
uninitialized memory to userspace. A fix was proposed, but it was
originally incomplete.
Seeing as how apparently no one can get this right with the current
approach, change all the reporting functions to:
- Start by memsetting the report structure to 0. This guarantees it's
always initialized, regardless of what happens later.
- Initialize all strings using strscpy(). This is safe after the
memset, ensures null termination of long strings, avoids unnecessary
work, and avoids the -Wstringop-truncation warnings from gcc.
- Use sizeof(var) instead of sizeof(type). This is more robust against
copy+paste errors.
For simplicity, also reuse the -EMSGSIZE return value from nla_put().
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
In preparation for removal of VLAs due to skcipher requests on the stack
via SKCIPHER_REQUEST_ON_STACK() usage, this introduces the infrastructure
for the "sync skcipher" tfm, which is for handling the on-stack cases of
skcipher, which are always non-ASYNC and have a known limited request
size.
The crypto API additions:
struct crypto_sync_skcipher (wrapper for struct crypto_skcipher)
crypto_alloc_sync_skcipher()
crypto_free_sync_skcipher()
crypto_sync_skcipher_setkey()
crypto_sync_skcipher_get_flags()
crypto_sync_skcipher_set_flags()
crypto_sync_skcipher_clear_flags()
crypto_sync_skcipher_blocksize()
crypto_sync_skcipher_ivsize()
crypto_sync_skcipher_reqtfm()
skcipher_request_set_sync_tfm()
SYNC_SKCIPHER_REQUEST_ON_STACK() (with tfm type check)
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
scatterwalk_done() is only meant to be called after a nonzero number of
bytes have been processed, since scatterwalk_pagedone() will flush the
dcache of the *previous* page. But in the error case of
skcipher_walk_done(), e.g. if the input wasn't an integer number of
blocks, scatterwalk_done() was actually called after advancing 0 bytes.
This caused a crash ("BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request")
during '!PageSlab(page)' on architectures like arm and arm64 that define
ARCH_IMPLEMENTS_FLUSH_DCACHE_PAGE, provided that the input was
page-aligned as in that case walk->offset == 0.
Fix it by reorganizing skcipher_walk_done() to skip the
scatterwalk_advance() and scatterwalk_done() if an error has occurred.
This bug was found by syzkaller fuzzing.
Reproducer, assuming ARCH_IMPLEMENTS_FLUSH_DCACHE_PAGE:
#include <linux/if_alg.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main()
{
struct sockaddr_alg addr = {
.salg_type = "skcipher",
.salg_name = "cbc(aes-generic)",
};
char buffer[4096] __attribute__((aligned(4096))) = { 0 };
int fd;
fd = socket(AF_ALG, SOCK_SEQPACKET, 0);
bind(fd, (void *)&addr, sizeof(addr));
setsockopt(fd, SOL_ALG, ALG_SET_KEY, buffer, 16);
fd = accept(fd, NULL, NULL);
write(fd, buffer, 15);
read(fd, buffer, 15);
}
Reported-by: Liu Chao <liuchao741@huawei.com>
Fixes: b286d8b1a6 ("crypto: skcipher - Add skcipher walk interface")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.10+
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Setting 'walk->nbytes = walk->total' in skcipher_walk_first() doesn't
make sense because actually walk->nbytes needs to be set to the length
of the first step in the walk, which may be less than walk->total. This
is done by skcipher_walk_next() which is called immediately afterwards.
Also walk->nbytes was already set to 0 in skcipher_walk_skcipher(),
which is a better default value in case it's forgotten to be set later.
Therefore, remove the unnecessary assignment to walk->nbytes.
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
The ALIGN() macro needs to be passed the alignment, not the alignmask
(which is the alignment minus 1).
Fixes: b286d8b1a6 ("crypto: skcipher - Add skcipher walk interface")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.10+
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
The function skcipher_walk_next declared as static and marked as
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL. It's a bit confusing for internal function to be
exported. The area of visibility for such function is its .c file
and all other modules. Other *.c files of the same module can't use it,
despite all other modules can. Relying on the fact that this is the
internal function and it's not a crucial part of the API, the patch
just removes the EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL marking of skcipher_walk_next.
Found by Linux Driver Verification project (linuxtesting.org).
Signed-off-by: Denis Efremov <efremov@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Similar to what was done for the hash API, update the skcipher API to
track whether each transform has been keyed, and reject
encryption/decryption if a key is needed but one hasn't been set.
This isn't as important as the equivalent fix for the hash API because
symmetric ciphers almost always require a key (the "null cipher" is the
only exception), so are unlikely to be used without one. Still,
tracking the key will prevent accidental unkeyed use. algif_skcipher
also had to track the key anyway, so the new flag replaces that and
simplifies the algif_skcipher implementation.
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
All the ChaCha20 algorithms as well as the ARM bit-sliced AES-XTS
algorithms call skcipher_walk_virt(), then access the IV (walk.iv)
before checking whether any bytes need to be processed (walk.nbytes).
But if the input is empty, then skcipher_walk_virt() doesn't set the IV,
and the algorithms crash trying to use the uninitialized IV pointer.
Fix it by setting the IV earlier in skcipher_walk_virt(). Also fix it
for the AEAD walk functions.
This isn't a perfect solution because we can't actually align the IV to
->cra_alignmask unless there are bytes to process, for one because the
temporary buffer for the aligned IV is freed by skcipher_walk_done(),
which is only called when there are bytes to process. Thus, algorithms
that require aligned IVs will still need to avoid accessing the IV when
walk.nbytes == 0. Still, many algorithms/architectures are fine with
IVs having any alignment, and even for those that aren't, a misaligned
pointer bug is much less severe than an uninitialized pointer bug.
This change also matches the behavior of the older blkcipher_walk API.
Fixes: 0cabf2af6f ("crypto: skcipher - Fix crash on zero-length input")
Reported-by: syzbot <syzkaller@googlegroups.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.14+
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
The skcipher_walk_aead_common function calls scatterwalk_copychunks on
the input and output walks to skip the associated data. If the AD end
at an SG list entry boundary, then after these calls the walks will
still be pointing to the end of the skipped region.
These offsets are later checked for alignment in skcipher_walk_next,
so the skcipher_walk may detect the alignment incorrectly.
This patch fixes it by calling scatterwalk_done after the copychunks
calls to ensure that the offsets refer to the right SG list entry.
Fixes: b286d8b1a6 ("crypto: skcipher - Add skcipher walk interface")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ondrej Mosnacek <omosnacek@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
The skcipher walk interface doesn't handle zero-length input
properly as the old blkcipher walk interface did. This is due
to the fact that the length check is done too late.
This patch moves the length check forward so that it does the
right thing.
Fixes: b286d8b1a6 ("crypto: skcipher - Add skcipher walk...")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Reported-by: Stephan Müller <smueller@chronox.de>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
The API setkey checks for key sizes and alignment went AWOL during the
skcipher conversion. This patch restores them.
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Fixes: 4e6c3df4d7 ("crypto: skcipher - Add low-level skcipher...")
Reported-by: Baozeng <sploving1@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Continuing from this commit: 52f5684c8e
("kernel: use macros from compiler.h instead of __attribute__((...))")
I submitted 4 total patches. They are part of task I've taken up to
increase compiler portability in the kernel. I've cleaned up the
subsystems under /kernel /mm /block and /security, this patch targets
/crypto.
There is <linux/compiler.h> which provides macros for various gcc specific
constructs. Eg: __weak for __attribute__((weak)). I've cleaned all
instances of gcc specific attributes with the right macros for the crypto
subsystem.
I had to make one additional change into compiler-gcc.h for the case when
one wants to use this: __attribute__((aligned) and not specify an alignment
factor. From the gcc docs, this will result in the largest alignment for
that data type on the target machine so I've named the macro
__aligned_largest. Please advise if another name is more appropriate.
Signed-off-by: Gideon Israel Dsouza <gidisrael@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
In some cases, SIMD algorithms can only perform optimally when
allowed to operate on multiple input blocks in parallel. This is
especially true for bit slicing algorithms, which typically take
the same amount of time processing a single block or 8 blocks in
parallel. However, other SIMD algorithms may benefit as well from
bigger strides.
So add a walksize attribute to the skcipher algorithm definition, and
wire it up to the skcipher walk API. To avoid confusion between the
skcipher and AEAD attributes, rename the skcipher_walk chunksize
attribute to 'stride', and set it from the walksize (in the skcipher
case) or from the chunksize (in the AEAD case).
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
The new skcipher walk API may crash in the following way. (Interestingly,
the tcrypt boot time tests seem unaffected, while an explicit test using
the module triggers it)
Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 00000000
...
[<ffff000008431d84>] __memcpy+0x84/0x180
[<ffff0000083ec0d0>] skcipher_walk_done+0x328/0x340
[<ffff0000080c5c04>] ctr_encrypt+0x84/0x100
[<ffff000008406d60>] simd_skcipher_encrypt+0x88/0x98
[<ffff0000083fa05c>] crypto_rfc3686_crypt+0x8c/0x98
[<ffff0000009b0900>] test_skcipher_speed+0x518/0x820 [tcrypt]
[<ffff0000009b31c0>] do_test+0x1408/0x3b70 [tcrypt]
[<ffff0000009bd050>] tcrypt_mod_init+0x50/0x1000 [tcrypt]
[<ffff0000080838f4>] do_one_initcall+0x44/0x138
[<ffff0000081aee60>] do_init_module+0x68/0x1e0
[<ffff0000081524d0>] load_module+0x1fd0/0x2458
[<ffff000008152c38>] SyS_finit_module+0xe0/0xf0
[<ffff0000080836f0>] el0_svc_naked+0x24/0x28
This is due to the fact that skcipher_done_slow() may be entered with
walk->buffer unset. Since skcipher_walk_done() already deals with the
case where walk->buffer == walk->page, it appears to be the intention
that walk->buffer point to walk->page after skcipher_next_slow(), so
ensure that is the case.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
The AEAD decrypt interface includes the authentication tag in
req->cryptlen. Therefore we need to exlucde that when doing
a walk over it.
This patch adds separate walker functions for AEAD encryption
and decryption.
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
The new skcipher_walk_aead() may crash in the following way due to
the walk flag SKCIPHER_WALK_PHYS not being cleared at the start of the
walk:
Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 00000001
[..]
Internal error: Oops: 96000044 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
[..]
PC is at skcipher_walk_next+0x208/0x450
LR is at skcipher_walk_next+0x1e4/0x450
pc : [<ffff2b93b7104e20>] lr : [<ffff2b93b7104dfc>] pstate: 40000045
sp : ffffb925fa517940
[...]
[<ffff2b93b7104e20>] skcipher_walk_next+0x208/0x450
[<ffff2b93b710535c>] skcipher_walk_first+0x54/0x148
[<ffff2b93b7105664>] skcipher_walk_aead+0xd4/0x108
[<ffff2b93b6e77928>] ccm_encrypt+0x68/0x158
So clear the flag at the appropriate time.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
This patch adds the skcipher walk interface which replaces both
blkcipher walk and ablkcipher walk. Just like blkcipher walk it
can also be used for AEAD algorithms.
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
This patch removes the old crypto_grab_skcipher helper and replaces
it with crypto_grab_skcipher2.
As this is the final entry point into givcipher this patch also
removes all traces of the top-level givcipher interface, including
all implicit IV generators such as chainiv.
The bottom-level givcipher interface remains until the drivers
using it are converted.
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
This patch allows skcipher algorithms and instances to be created
and registered with the crypto API. They are accessible through
the top-level skcipher interface, along with ablkcipher/blkcipher
algorithms and instances.
This patch also introduces a new parameter called chunk size
which is meant for ciphers such as CTR and CTS which ostensibly
can handle arbitrary lengths, but still behave like block ciphers
in that you can only process a partial block at the very end.
For these ciphers the block size will continue to be set to 1
as it is now while the chunk size will be set to the underlying
block size.
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
While converting ecryptfs over to skcipher I found that it needs
to pick a default key size if one isn't given. Rather than having
it poke into the guts of the algorithm to get max_keysize, let's
provide a helper that is meant to give a sane default (just in
case we ever get an algorithm that has no maximum key size).
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
This patch adds a way for skcipher users to determine whether a key
is required by a transform.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Fixes the following sparse warnings:
crypto/skcipher.c:94:5:
warning: symbol 'crypto_init_skcipher_ops_blkcipher'
was not declared. Should it be static?
crypto/skcipher.c:185:5:
warning: symbol 'crypto_init_skcipher_ops_ablkcipher'
was not declared. Should it be static?
Signed-off-by: Geliang Tang <geliangtang@163.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
This patch introduces the crypto skcipher interface which aims
to replace both blkcipher and ablkcipher.
It's very similar to the existing ablkcipher interface. The
main difference is the removal of the givcrypt interface. In
order to make the transition easier for blkcipher users, there
is a helper SKCIPHER_REQUEST_ON_STACK which can be used to place
a request on the stack for synchronous transforms.
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Herbert Xu