This patch:
* Substitutes some obsolete references to kernel/power/process.c by
kernel/freezer.c.
* Mentions kernel/freezer.c as being part of the "freezer" code along
with the rest of the files.
* Fixes a trivial typo.
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
* 'for-linus' of git://opensource.wolfsonmicro.com/regulator: (22 commits)
regulator: Constify constraints name
regulator: Fix possible nullpointer dereference in regulator_enable()
regulator: gpio-regulator add dependency on GENERIC_GPIO
regulator: Add module.h include to gpio-regulator
regulator: Add driver for gpio-controlled regulators
regulator: remove duplicate REG_CTRL2 defines in tps65023
regulator: Clarify documentation for regulator-regulator supplies
regulator: Fix some bitrot in the machine driver documentation
regulator: tps65023: Added support for the similiar TPS65020 chip
regulator: tps65023: Setting correct core regulator for tps65021
regulator: tps65023: Set missing bit for update core-voltage
regulator: tps65023: Fixes i2c configuration issues
regulator: Add debugfs file showing the supply map table
regulator: tps6586x: add SMx slew rate setting
regulator: tps65023: Fixes i2c configuration issues
regulator: tps6507x: Remove num_voltages array
regulator: max8952: removed unused mutex.
regulator: fix regulator/consumer.h kernel-doc warning
regulator: Ensure enough enable time for max8649
regulator: 88pm8607: Fix off-by-one value range checking in the case of no id is matched
...
* 'pm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm: (63 commits)
PM / Clocks: Remove redundant NULL checks before kfree()
PM / Documentation: Update docs about suspend and CPU hotplug
ACPI / PM: Add Sony VGN-FW21E to nonvs blacklist.
ARM: mach-shmobile: sh7372 A4R support (v4)
ARM: mach-shmobile: sh7372 A3SP support (v4)
PM / Sleep: Mark devices involved in wakeup signaling during suspend
PM / Hibernate: Improve performance of LZO/plain hibernation, checksum image
PM / Hibernate: Do not initialize static and extern variables to 0
PM / Freezer: Make fake_signal_wake_up() wake TASK_KILLABLE tasks too
PM / Hibernate: Add resumedelay kernel param in addition to resumewait
MAINTAINERS: Update linux-pm list address
PM / ACPI: Blacklist Vaio VGN-FW520F machine known to require acpi_sleep=nonvs
PM / ACPI: Blacklist Sony Vaio known to require acpi_sleep=nonvs
PM / Hibernate: Add resumewait param to support MMC-like devices as resume file
PM / Hibernate: Fix typo in a kerneldoc comment
PM / Hibernate: Freeze kernel threads after preallocating memory
PM: Update the policy on default wakeup settings
PM / VT: Cleanup #if defined uglyness and fix compile error
PM / Suspend: Off by one in pm_suspend()
PM / Hibernate: Include storage keys in hibernation image on s390
...
Update the documentation about the interaction between the suspend (S3) call
path and the CPU hotplug infrastructure.
This patch focusses only on the activities of the freezer, cpu hotplug and
the notifications involved. It outlines how regular CPU hotplug differs from
the way it is invoked during suspend and also tries to explain the locking
involved. In addition to that, it discusses the issue of microcode update
during CPU hotplug operations.
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
There is a problem with the current ordering of hibernate code which
leads to deadlocks in some filesystems' memory shrinkers. Namely,
some filesystems use freezable kernel threads that are inactive when
the hibernate memory preallocation is carried out. Those same
filesystems use memory shrinkers that may be triggered by the
hibernate memory preallocation. If those memory shrinkers wait for
the frozen kernel threads, the hibernate process deadlocks (this
happens with XFS, for one example).
Apparently, it is not technically viable to redesign the filesystems
in question to avoid the situation described above, so the only
possible solution of this issue is to defer the freezing of kernel
threads until the hibernate memory preallocation is done, which is
implemented by this change.
Unfortunately, this requires the memory preallocation to be done
before the "prepare" stage of device freeze, so after this change the
only way drivers can allocate additional memory for their freeze
routines in a clean way is to use PM notifiers.
Reported-by: Christoph <cr2005@u-club.de>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
This patch (as1485) documents a change to the kernel's default wakeup
policy. Devices that forward wakeup requests between buses should be
enabled for wakeup by default.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Record S3 failure time about each reason and the latest two failed
devices' names in S3 progress.
We can check it through 'suspend_stats' entry in debugfs.
The motivation of the patch:
We are enabling power features on Medfield. Comparing with PC/notebook,
a mobile enters/exits suspend-2-ram (we call it s3 on Medfield) far
more frequently. If it can't enter suspend-2-ram in time, the power
might be used up soon.
We often find sometimes, a device suspend fails. Then, system retries
s3 over and over again. As display is off, testers and developers
don't know what happens.
Some testers and developers complain they don't know if system
tries suspend-2-ram, and what device fails to suspend. They need
such info for a quick check. The patch adds suspend_stats under
debugfs for users to check suspend to RAM statistics quickly.
If not using this patch, we have other methods to get info about
what device fails. One is to turn on CONFIG_PM_DEBUG, but users
would get too much info and testers need recompile the system.
In addition, dynamic debug is another good tool to dump debug info.
But it still doesn't match our utilization scenario closely.
1) user need write a user space parser to process the syslog output;
2) Our testing scenario is we leave the mobile for at least hours.
Then, check its status. No serial console available during the
testing. One is because console would be suspended, and the other
is serial console connecting with spi or HSU devices would consume
power. These devices are powered off at suspend-2-ram.
Signed-off-by: ShuoX Liu <shuox.liu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Support for device power domains has been introduced in
commit 9659cc0678 (PM: Make
system-wide PM and runtime PM treat subsystems consistently),
also power domain callbacks will take precedence over subsystem ones
from commit 4d27e9dcff00a6425d779b065ec8892e4f391661(PM: Make
power domain callbacks take precedence over subsystem ones).
So update part of "Device Runtime PM Callbacks" in
Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt.
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
* pm-runtime:
PM / Tracing: build rpm-traces.c only if CONFIG_PM_RUNTIME is set
PM / Runtime: Replace dev_dbg() with trace_rpm_*()
PM / Runtime: Introduce trace points for tracing rpm_* functions
PM / Runtime: Don't run callbacks under lock for power.irq_safe set
USB: Add wakeup info to debugging messages
PM / Runtime: pm_runtime_idle() can be called in atomic context
PM / Runtime: Add macro to test for runtime PM events
PM / Runtime: Add might_sleep() to runtime PM functions
The mechanism used for connecting regulators together when one regulator
supplies another wasn't clear as the names being used weren't really tied
together well.
Reported-by: Philip Rakity <prakity@marvell.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
The documentation for the machine driver was rather badly bitrotted,
using pointers to struct device rather than dev_name() to hook up the
consumers. Update to use dev_name().
Reported-by: Philip Rakity <prakity@marvell.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
Update the documentation for the recently updated pm_qos API, kernel
and user space. Add documentation for the per-device PM QoS
(dev_pm_qos) framework API.
Signed-off-by: Jean Pihet <j-pihet@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
There are numerous broken references to Documentation files (in other
Documentation files, in comments, etc.). These broken references are
caused by typo's in the references, and by renames or removals of the
Documentation files. Some broken references are simply odd.
Fix these broken references, sometimes by dropping the irrelevant text
they were part of.
Signed-off-by: Paul Bolle <pebolle@tiscali.nl>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Add to pm_runtime_idle the list of functions that can be called
in atomic context if pm_runtime_irq_safe() has been called for the
device.
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <tom.leiming@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
The description of pm_runtime_irq_safe() has to be updated to follow
the code after commit 02b2677 (PM / Runtime: Allow _put_sync() from
interrupts-disabled context).
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Some of the entry points to pm runtime are not safe to
call in atomic context unless pm_runtime_irq_safe() has
been called. Inspecting the code, it is not immediately
obvious that the functions sleep at all, as they run
inside a spin_lock_irqsave, but under some conditions
they can drop the lock and turn on irqs.
If a driver incorrectly calls the pm_runtime apis, it can
cause sleeping and irq processing when it expects to stay
in atomic context.
Add might_sleep_if to the majority of the __pm_runtime_* entry points
to enforce correct usage.
Add pm_runtime_put_sync_autosuspend to the list of
functions that can be called in atomic context.
Signed-off-by: Colin Cross <ccross@android.com>
Reviewed-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Currently the use of pm_runtime_put_sync() is not safe from
interrupts-disabled context because rpm_idle() will release the
spinlock and enable interrupts for the idle callbacks. This enables
interrupts during a time where interrupts were expected to be
disabled, and can have strange side effects on drivers that expected
interrupts to be disabled.
This is not a bug since the documentation clearly states that only
_put_sync_suspend() is safe in IRQ-safe mode.
However, pm_runtime_put_sync() could be made safe when in IRQ-safe
mode by releasing the spinlock but not re-enabling interrupts, which
is what this patch aims to do.
Problem was found when using some buggy drivers that set
pm_runtime_irq_safe() and used _put_sync() in interrupts-disabled
context.
Reported-by: Colin Cross <ccross@google.com>
Tested-by: Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
* pm-runtime:
OMAP: PM: disable idle on suspend for GPIO and UART
OMAP: PM: omap_device: add API to disable idle on suspend
OMAP: PM: omap_device: add system PM methods for PM domain handling
OMAP: PM: omap_device: conditionally use PM domain runtime helpers
PM / Runtime: Add new helper function: pm_runtime_status_suspended()
PM / Runtime: Consistent utilization of deferred_resume
PM / Runtime: Prevent runtime_resume from racing with probe
PM / Runtime: Replace "run-time" with "runtime" in documentation
PM / Runtime: Improve documentation of enable, disable and barrier
PM: Limit race conditions between runtime PM and system sleep (v2)
PCI / PM: Detect early wakeup in pci_pm_prepare()
PM / Runtime: Return special error code if runtime PM is disabled
PM / Runtime: Update documentation of interactions with system sleep
* pm-domains: (33 commits)
ARM / shmobile: Return -EBUSY from A4LC power off if A3RV is active
PM / Domains: Take .power_off() error code into account
ARM / shmobile: Use genpd_queue_power_off_work()
ARM / shmobile: Use pm_genpd_poweroff_unused()
PM / Domains: Introduce function to power off all unused PM domains
PM / Domains: Queue up power off work only if it is not pending
PM / Domains: Improve handling of wakeup devices during system suspend
PM / Domains: Do not restore all devices on power off error
PM / Domains: Allow callbacks to execute all runtime PM helpers
PM / Domains: Do not execute device callbacks under locks
PM / Domains: Make failing pm_genpd_prepare() clean up properly
PM / Domains: Set device state to "active" during system resume
ARM: mach-shmobile: sh7372 A3RV requires A4LC
PM / Domains: Export pm_genpd_poweron() in header
ARM: mach-shmobile: sh7372 late pm domain off
ARM: mach-shmobile: Runtime PM late init callback
ARM: mach-shmobile: sh7372 D4 support
ARM: mach-shmobile: sh7372 A4MP support
ARM: mach-shmobile: sh7372: make sure that fsi is peripheral of spu2
ARM: mach-shmobile: sh7372 A3SG support
...
cpufreq table allocated by opp_init_cpufreq_table is better
freed by OPP layer itself. This allows future modifications to
the table handling to be transparent to the users.
Signed-off-by: Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>
Acked-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
This boolean function simply returns whether or not the runtime status
of the device is 'suspended'. Unlike pm_runtime_suspended(), this
function returns the runtime status whether or not runtime PM for the
device has been disabled or not.
Also add entry to Documentation/power/runtime.txt
Signed-off-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
The runtime PM documentation and kerneldoc comments sometimes spell
"runtime" with a dash (i.e. "run-time"). Replace all of those
instances with "runtime" to make the naming consistent.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
The runtime PM documentation in Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt
doesn't say that pm_runtime_enable() and pm_runtime_disable() work by
operating on power.disable_depth, which is wrong, because the
possibility of nesting disables doesn't follow from the description
of these functions. Also, there is no description of
pm_runtime_barrier() at all in the document, which is confusing.
Improve the documentation by fixing those issues.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
One of the roles of the PM core is to prevent different PM callbacks
executed for the same device object from racing with each other.
Unfortunately, after commit e866500247
(PM: Allow pm_runtime_suspend() to succeed during system suspend)
runtime PM callbacks may be executed concurrently with system
suspend/resume callbacks for the same device.
The main reason for commit e866500247
was that some subsystems and device drivers wanted to use runtime PM
helpers, pm_runtime_suspend() and pm_runtime_put_sync() in
particular, for carrying out the suspend of devices in their
.suspend() callbacks. However, as it's been determined recently,
there are multiple reasons not to do so, inlcuding:
* The caller really doesn't control the runtime PM usage counters,
because user space can access them through sysfs and effectively
block runtime PM. That means using pm_runtime_suspend() or
pm_runtime_get_sync() to suspend devices during system suspend
may or may not work.
* If a driver calls pm_runtime_suspend() from its .suspend()
callback, it causes the subsystem's .runtime_suspend() callback to
be executed, which leads to the call sequence:
subsys->suspend(dev)
driver->suspend(dev)
pm_runtime_suspend(dev)
subsys->runtime_suspend(dev)
recursive from the subsystem's point of view. For some subsystems
that may actually work (e.g. the platform bus type), but for some
it will fail in a rather spectacular fashion (e.g. PCI). In each
case it means a layering violation.
* Both the subsystem and the driver can provide .suspend_noirq()
callbacks for system suspend that can do whatever the
.runtime_suspend() callbacks do just fine, so it really isn't
necessary to call pm_runtime_suspend() during system suspend.
* The runtime PM's handling of wakeup devices is usually different
from the system suspend's one, so .runtime_suspend() may simply be
inappropriate for system suspend.
* System suspend is supposed to work even if CONFIG_PM_RUNTIME is
unset.
* The runtime PM workqueue is frozen before system suspend, so if
whatever the driver is going to do during system suspend depends
on it, that simply won't work.
Still, there is a good reason to allow pm_runtime_resume() to
succeed during system suspend and resume (for instance, some
subsystems and device drivers may legitimately use it to ensure that
their devices are in full-power states before suspending them).
Moreover, there is no reason to prevent runtime PM callbacks from
being executed in parallel with the system suspend/resume .prepare()
and .complete() callbacks and the code removed by commit
e866500247 went too far in this
respect. On the other hand, runtime PM callbacks, including
.runtime_resume(), must not be executed during system suspend's
"late" stage of suspending devices and during system resume's "early"
device resume stage.
Taking all of the above into consideration, make the PM core
acquire a runtime PM reference to every device and resume it if
there's a runtime PM resume request pending right before executing
the subsystem-level .suspend() callback for it. Make the PM core
drop references to all devices right after executing the
subsystem-level .resume() callbacks for them. Additionally,
make the PM core disable the runtime PM framework for all devices
during system suspend, after executing the subsystem-level .suspend()
callbacks for them, and enable the runtime PM framework for all
devices during system resume, right before executing the
subsystem-level .resume() callbacks for them.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Some callers of pm_runtime_get_sync() and other runtime PM helper
functions, scsi_autopm_get_host() and scsi_autopm_get_device() in
particular, need to distinguish error codes returned when runtime PM
is disabled (i.e. power.disable_depth is nonzero for the given
device) from error codes returned in other situations. For this
reason, make the runtime PM helper functions return -EACCES when
power.disable_depth is nonzero and ensure that this error code
won't be returned by them in any other circumstances. Modify
scsi_autopm_get_host() and scsi_autopm_get_device() to check the
error code returned by pm_runtime_get_sync() and ignore -EACCES.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
The documents describing the interactions between runtime PM and
system sleep generally refer to the model in which the system sleep
state is entered through a global firmware or hardware operation.
As a result, some recommendations given in there are not entirely
suitable for systems in which this is not the case. Update the
documentation to take the existence of those systems into account.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Reviewed-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Introduce generic "noirq" power management callback routines for
subsystems in addition to the "regular" generic PM callback routines.
The new routines will be used, among other things, for implementing
system-wide PM transitions support for generic PM domains.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
The naming convention used by commit 7538e3db6e015e890825fbd9f86599b
(PM: Add support for device power domains), which introduced the
struct dev_power_domain type for representing device power domains,
evidently confuses some developers who tend to think that objects
of this type must correspond to "power domains" as defined by
hardware, which is not the case. Namely, at the kernel level, a
struct dev_power_domain object can represent arbitrary set of devices
that are mutually dependent power management-wise and need not belong
to one hardware power domain. To avoid that confusion, rename struct
dev_power_domain to struct dev_pm_domain and rename the related
pointers in struct device and struct pm_clk_notifier_block from
pwr_domain to pm_domain.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Commit e1866b33b1 (PM / Runtime: Rework
runtime PM handling during driver removal) forgot to update the
documentation in Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt to match the new
code in drivers/base/dd.c. Update that documentation to match the
code it describes.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Reviewed-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Replace reference to pm_runtime_idle_sync() in the driver core with
pm_runtime_put_sync() which is used in the code.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Commit 4d27e9dcff (PM: Make power
domain callbacks take precedence over subsystem ones) forgot to
update the device power management documentation to take changes
made by it into account. Correct that mistake.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
The part of Documentation/power/devices.txt regarding sysdevs is not
valid any more after commit 2e711c04db
(PM: Remove sysdev suspend, resume and shutdown operations), so
remove it.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Commit e866500247 (PM: Allow
pm_runtime_suspend() to succeed during system suspend) removed usage
count increment across system PM.
Update doc to reflect this.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
supply_regulator_dev (using a struct pointer) has been deprecated in favour
of supply_regulator (using a regulator name) for quite a few releases
now with a warning generated if it is used and there are no current in tree
users so just remove the code.
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
Signed-off-by: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
If device drivers allocate substantial amounts of memory (above 1 MB)
in their hibernate .freeze() callbacks (or in their legacy suspend
callbcks during hibernation), the subsequent creation of hibernate
image may fail due to the lack of memory. This is the case, because
the drivers' .freeze() callbacks are executed after the hibernate
memory preallocation has been carried out and the preallocated amount
of memory may be too small to cover the new driver allocations.
Unfortunately, the drivers' .prepare() callbacks also are executed
after the hibernate memory preallocation has completed, so they are
not suitable for allocating additional memory either. Thus the only
way a driver can safely allocate memory during hibernation is to use
a hibernate/suspend notifier. However, the notifiers are called
before the freezing of user space and the drivers wanting to use them
for allocating additional memory may not know how much memory needs
to be allocated at that point.
To let device drivers overcome this difficulty rework the hibernation
sequence so that the memory preallocation is carried out after the
drivers' .prepare() callbacks have been executed, so that the
.prepare() callbacks can be used for allocating additional memory
to be used by the drivers' .freeze() callbacks. Update documentation
to match the new behavior of the code.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
The code handling system-wide power transitions (eg. suspend-to-RAM)
can in theory execute callbacks provided by the device's bus type,
device type and class in each phase of the power transition. In
turn, the runtime PM core code only calls one of those callbacks at
a time, preferring bus type callbacks to device type or class
callbacks and device type callbacks to class callbacks.
It seems reasonable to make them both behave in the same way in that
respect. Moreover, even though a device may belong to two subsystems
(eg. bus type and device class) simultaneously, in practice power
management callbacks for system-wide power transitions are always
provided by only one of them (ie. if the bus type callbacks are
defined, the device class ones are not and vice versa). Thus it is
possible to modify the code handling system-wide power transitions
so that it follows the core runtime PM code (ie. treats the
subsystem callbacks as mutually exclusive).
On the other hand, the core runtime PM code will choose to execute,
for example, a runtime suspend callback provided by the device type
even if the bus type's struct dev_pm_ops object exists, but the
runtime_suspend pointer in it happens to be NULL. This is confusing,
because it may lead to the execution of callbacks from different
subsystems during different operations (eg. the bus type suspend
callback may be executed during runtime suspend of the device, while
the device type callback will be executed during system suspend).
Make all of the power management code treat subsystem callbacks in
a consistent way, such that:
(1) If the device's type is defined (eg. dev->type is not NULL)
and its pm pointer is not NULL, the callbacks from dev->type->pm
will be used.
(2) If dev->type is NULL or dev->type->pm is NULL, but the device's
class is defined (eg. dev->class is not NULL) and its pm pointer
is not NULL, the callbacks from dev->class->pm will be used.
(3) If dev->type is NULL or dev->type->pm is NULL and dev->class is
NULL or dev->class->pm is NULL, the callbacks from dev->bus->pm
will be used provided that both dev->bus and dev->bus->pm are
not NULL.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Reasoning-sounds-sane-to: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
The platform bus type is often used to handle Systems-on-a-Chip (SoC)
where all devices are represented by objects of type struct
platform_device. In those cases the same "platform" device driver
may be used with multiple different system configurations, but the
actions needed to put the devices it handles into a low-power state
and back into the full-power state may depend on the design of the
given SoC. The driver, however, cannot possibly include all the
information necessary for the power management of its device on all
the systems it is used with. Moreover, the device hierarchy in its
current form also is not suitable for representing this kind of
information.
The patch below attempts to address this problem by introducing
objects of type struct dev_power_domain that can be used for
representing power domains within a SoC. Every struct
dev_power_domain object provides a sets of device power
management callbacks that can be used to perform what's needed for
device power management in addition to the operations carried out by
the device's driver and subsystem.
Namely, if a struct dev_power_domain object is pointed to by the
pwr_domain field in a struct device, the callbacks provided by its
ops member will be executed in addition to the corresponding
callbacks provided by the device's subsystem and driver during all
power transitions.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Tested-and-acked-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
Currently, wakeup sysfs attributes are created for all devices,
regardless of whether or not they are wakeup-capable. This is
excessive and complicates wakeup device identification from user
space (i.e. to identify wakeup-capable devices user space has to read
/sys/devices/.../power/wakeup for all devices and see if they are not
empty).
Fix this issue by avoiding to create wakeup sysfs files for devices
that cannot wake up the system from sleep states (i.e. whose
power.can_wakeup flags are unset during registration) and modify
device_set_wakeup_capable() so that it adds (or removes) the relevant
sysfs attributes if a device's wakeup capability status is changed.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
basic-pm-debugging.txt is located in Documentation/power/ not
Documents/power/. Change the references in
Documentation/power/drivers-testing.txt to reflect the location.
Signed-off-by: Jon Mason <jon.mason@exar.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
This patch (as1431c) makes the synchronous runtime-PM interface
suitable for use in interrupt handlers. Subsystems can call the new
pm_runtime_irq_safe() function to tell the PM core that a device's
runtime_suspend and runtime_resume callbacks should be invoked with
interrupts disabled and the spinlock held. This permits the
pm_runtime_get_sync() and the new pm_runtime_put_sync_suspend()
routines to be called from within interrupt handlers.
When a device is declared irq-safe in this way, the PM core increments
the parent's usage count, so the parent will never be runtime
suspended. This prevents difficult situations in which an irq-safe
device can't resume because it is forced to wait for its non-irq-safe
parent.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
There are some situations (e.g. in __pm_generic_call()), where
pm_runtime_suspended() is used to decide whether or not to execute
a device's (system) ->suspend() callback. The callback is not
executed if pm_runtime_suspended() returns true, but it does so
for devices that don't even support runtime PM, because the
power.disable_depth device field is ignored by it. This leads to
problems (i.e. devices are not suspened when they should), so rework
pm_runtime_suspended() so that it returns false if the device's
power.disable_depth field is different from zero.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Since the OPP API is only useful with an appropraite SoC-specific
implementation there is no point in offering the ability to enable
the API on general systems. Provide an ARCH_HAS OPP Kconfig symbol
which masks out the option unless selected by an implementation.
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
Acked-by: Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>
Acked-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@deeprootsystems.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
SoCs have a standard set of tuples consisting of frequency and
voltage pairs that the device will support per voltage domain. These
are called Operating Performance Points or OPPs. The actual
definitions of OPP varies over silicon versions. For a specific domain,
we can have a set of {frequency, voltage} pairs. As the kernel boots
and more information is available, a default set of these are activated
based on the precise nature of device. Further on operation, based on
conditions prevailing in the system (such as temperature), some OPP
availability may be temporarily controlled by the SoC frameworks.
To implement an OPP, some sort of power management support is necessary
hence this library depends on CONFIG_PM.
Contributions include:
Sanjeev Premi for the initial concept:
http://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/50998/
Kevin Hilman for converting original design to device-based.
Kevin Hilman and Paul Walmsey for cleaning up many of the function
abstractions, improvements and data structure handling.
Romit Dasgupta for using enums instead of opp pointers.
Thara Gopinath, Eduardo Valentin and Vishwanath BS for fixes and
cleanups.
Linus Walleij for recommending this layer be made generic for usage
in other architectures beyond OMAP and ARM.
Mark Brown, Andrew Morton, Rafael J. Wysocki, Paul E. McKenney for
valuable improvements.
Discussions and comments from:
http://marc.info/?l=linux-omap&m=126033945313269&w=2http://marc.info/?l=linux-omap&m=125482970102327&w=2http://marc.info/?t=125809247500002&r=1&w=2http://marc.info/?l=linux-omap&m=126025973426007&w=2http://marc.info/?t=128152609200064&r=1&w=2http://marc.info/?t=128468723000002&r=1&w=2
incorporated.
v1: http://marc.info/?t=128468723000002&r=1&w=2
Signed-off-by: Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@deeprootsystems.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
If the device which fails to resume is part of a loadable kernel module
it won't be checked at startup against the magic number stored in the
RTC.
Add a read-only sysfs attribute /sys/power/pm_trace_dev_match which
contains a list of newline separated devices (usually just the one)
which currently match the last magic number. This allows the device
which is failing to resume to be found after the modules are loaded
again.
Signed-off-by: James Hogan <james@albanarts.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
This patch (as1427) implements the "autosuspend" facility for runtime
PM. A few new fields are added to the dev_pm_info structure and
several new PM helper functions are defined, for telling the PM core
whether or not a device uses autosuspend, for setting the autosuspend
delay, and for marking periods of device activity.
Drivers that do not want to use autosuspend can continue using the
same helper functions as before; their behavior will not change. In
addition, drivers supporting autosuspend can also call the old helper
functions to get the old behavior.
The details are all explained in Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt
and Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Some devices, such as USB interfaces, cannot be power-managed
independently of their parents, i.e., they cannot be put in low power
while the parent remains at full power. This patch (as1425) creates a
new "no_callbacks" flag, which tells the PM core not to invoke the
runtime-PM callback routines for the such devices but instead to
assume that the callbacks always succeed. In addition, the
non-debugging runtime-PM sysfs attributes for the devices are removed,
since they are pretty much meaningless.
The advantage of this scheme comes not so much from avoiding the
callbacks themselves, but rather from the fact that without the need
for a process context in which to run the callbacks, more work can be
done in interrupt context.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
The default hibernation image size is currently hard coded and euqal
to 500 MB, which is not a reasonable default on many contemporary
systems. Make it equal 2/5 of the total RAM size (this is slightly
below the maximum, i.e. 1/2 of the total RAM size, and seems to be
generally suitable).
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Tested-by: M. Vefa Bicakci <bicave@superonline.com>
Compress hibernation image with LZO in order to save on I/O and
therefore time to hibernate/thaw.
[rjw: Added hibernate=nocompress command line option instead of just
nocompress which would be confusing, fixed a couple of compiler
warnings, fixed kerneldoc comments, minor cleanups.]
Signed-off-by: Bojan Smojver <bojan@rexursive.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Below you will find an updated version from the original series bunching all patches into one big patch
updating broken web addresses that are located in Documentation/*
Some of the addresses date as far far back as 1995 etc... so searching became a bit difficult,
the best way to deal with these is to use web.archive.org to locate these addresses that are outdated.
Now there are also some addresses pointing to .spec files some are located, but some(after searching
on the companies site)where still no where to be found. In this case I just changed the address
to the company site this way the users can contact the company and they can locate them for the users.
Signed-off-by: Justin P. Mattock <justinmattock@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weber <weber@corscience.de>
Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier.adi@gmail.com>
Cc: Paulo Marques <pmarques@grupopie.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Cc: Michael Neuling <mikey@neuling.org>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
pavel@suse.cz no longer works, replace it with working address.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial: (44 commits)
vlynq: make whole Kconfig-menu dependant on architecture
add descriptive comment for TIF_MEMDIE task flag declaration.
EEPROM: max6875: Header file cleanup
EEPROM: 93cx6: Header file cleanup
EEPROM: Header file cleanup
agp: use NULL instead of 0 when pointer is needed
rtc-v3020: make bitfield unsigned
PCI: make bitfield unsigned
jbd2: use NULL instead of 0 when pointer is needed
cciss: fix shadows sparse warning
doc: inode uses a mutex instead of a semaphore.
uml: i386: Avoid redefinition of NR_syscalls
fix "seperate" typos in comments
cocbalt_lcdfb: correct sections
doc: Change urls for sparse
Powerpc: wii: Fix typo in comment
i2o: cleanup some exit paths
Documentation/: it's -> its where appropriate
UML: Fix compiler warning due to missing task_struct declaration
UML: add kernel.h include to signal.c
...
I power management document, Documentation/power/pci.txt, is
outdated and partially inaccurate. It also is missing some important
information about the power management of PCI device. Rewrite it to
make it more up to date and more complete.
Reviewed-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
This patch changes the string based list management to a handle base
implementation to help with the hot path use of pm-qos, it also renames
much of the API to use "request" as opposed to "requirement" that was
used in the initial implementation. I did this because request more
accurately represents what it actually does.
Also, I added a string based ABI for users wanting to use a string
interface. So if the user writes 0xDDDDDDDD formatted hex it will be
accepted by the interface. (someone asked me for it and I don't think
it hurts anything.)
This patch updates some documentation input I got from Randy.
Signed-off-by: markgross <mgross@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Opening and closing /dev/snapshot causes the kernel to carry out
some hibernate preparations that should be documented.
[rjw: Added the changelog.]
Signed-off-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Improve the device power management document after it's been
updated by the previous patch.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
The device PM document, Documentation/power/devices.txt, is badly
outdated and requires total rework to fit the current design of the
PM framework. Make it more up to date.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Reviewed-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Fix obvious cases of "it's" being used when "its" was meant.
Signed-off-by: Francis Galiegue <fgaliegue@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
There are subsystems whose power management callbacks only need to
invoke the callbacks provided by device drivers. Still, their system
sleep PM callbacks should play well with the runtime PM callbacks,
so that devices suspended at run time can be left in that state for
a system sleep transition.
Provide a set of generic PM callbacks for such subsystems and
define convenience macros for populating dev_pm_ops structures.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
The power.runtime_auto device flag and the helper functions
pm_runtime_allow() and pm_runtime_forbid() used to modify it are a
part of the run-time power management framework and therefore they
should be described in Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
This patch (as1318) updates the runtime PM documentation, adding a
section discussing the interaction between runtime PM and system sleep.
[rjw: Rebased and made it agree with the other updates better.]
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
The power management of some devices is handled through device types
and device classes rather than through bus types. Since these
devices may also benefit from using the run-time power management
core, extend it so that the device type and device class run-time PM
callbacks can be taken into consideration by it if the bus type
callback is not defined.
Update the run-time PM core documentation to reflect this change.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Apparently, there are devices that can wake up the system from sleep
states and yet are incapable of generating wake-up events at run
time. Thus, introduce a flag indicating if given device is capable
of generating run-time wake-up events.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Currently the ->runtime_idle() callback is documented as having no
return value, but in fact it returns int. Although its return value
is ignored at the PM core level, it may be used by bus type routines
executing the drivers' ->runtime_idle() callbacks.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Reported-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Minor copy-and-pasteism in the regulator docs (against
git from today):
Signed-off-by: Dave Gilbert <linux@treblig.org>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
* git://git.infradead.org/battery-2.6:
power_supply: Add driver for the PMU on WM831x PMICs
ds2760_battery: Fix integer overflow for time_to_empty_now
wm97xx_battery: Convert to dev_pm_ops
wm97xx_battery: Use irq to detect charger state
wm97xx_battery: Use platform_data
wm97xx-core: Pass platform_data to battery
ds2760_battery: implement set_charged() feature
power_supply: get_by_name and set_charged functionality
power_supply: EXPORT_SYMBOL cleanups
ds2760_battery: add current_accum module parameter
ds2760_battery: handle full_active_uAh == 0 case correctly
ds2760_battery: add rated_capacity module parameter
ds2760_battery: export more features
ds2760_battery: delay power supply registration
wm8350_power: Implement charge type property
power_supply: Add a charge_type property, and use it for olpc driver
olpc_battery: Add an 'error' sysfs device that displays raw errors
Revert "power: remove POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CAPACITY_LEVEL"
Provide some brief documentation of some of the design decisions that
are made by the regulator API.
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
Signed-off-by: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Fix a couple of typos I found while working with this subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Wolfram Sang <w.sang@pengutronix.de>
Acked-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
Signed-off-by: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Wolfram Sang <w.sang@pengutronix.de>
Cc: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
Acked-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
Signed-off-by: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
This fixes a spelling error and an API function signature mismatch
in the regulator documentation.
Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@stericsson.com>
Acked-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
Signed-off-by: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
Introduce a core framework for run-time power management of I/O
devices. Add device run-time PM fields to 'struct dev_pm_info'
and device run-time PM callbacks to 'struct dev_pm_ops'. Introduce
a run-time PM workqueue and define some device run-time PM helper
functions at the core level. Document all these things.
Special thanks to Alan Stern for his help with the design and
multiple detailed reviews of the pereceding versions of this patch
and to Magnus Damm for testing feedback.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Magnus Damm <damm@igel.co.jp>
This adds a new sysfs file called 'charge_type' which displays the
type of charging (unknown, n/a, trickle charge, or fast charging).
This allows things like battery diagnostics to determine what the
battery/EC is doing without resorting to changing the 'status' sysfs
output.
Signed-off-by: Andres Salomon <dilinger@collabora.co.uk>
Acked-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
Signed-off-by: Anton Vorontsov <cbouatmailru@gmail.com>
This reverts commit 8efe444038 and
4cbc76eadf.
Richard@laptop.org was apparently using CAPACITY_LEVEL for debugging
battery/EC problems, and was upset that it was removed. This readds it.
Conflicts:
Documentation/power_supply_class.txt
Signed-off-by: Andres Salomon <dilinger@collabora.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Anton Vorontsov <cbouatmailru@gmail.com>
Remove the ->suspend_late() and ->resume_early() callbacks
from struct bus_type V2. These callbacks are legacy stuff
at this point and since there seem to be no in-tree users
we may as well remove them. New users should use dev_pm_ops.
Signed-off-by: Magnus Damm <damm@igel.co.jp>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
As pm_trace uses the system's hardware clock to save its magic value,
users of that option should be warned that using this debug option will
result in an incorrect system time after resume.
Signed-off-by: Frans Pop <elendil@planet.nl>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This improves the machine level API in order to configure
regulator constraints and consumers as platform data and removes the
old string based API that required several calls to set up each regulator.
The intention is to create a struct regulator_init_data, populate
it's fields with constraints, consumers devices, etc and then register
the regulator device from board.c in the standard Linux way.
e.g. regulator LDO2 (supplying codec and sim) platform data.
/* regulator LDO2 consumer devices */
static struct regulator_consumer_supply ldo2_consumers[] = {
{
.dev = &platform_audio_device.dev,
.supply = "codec_avdd",
},
{
.dev = &platform_sim_device.dev,
.supply = "sim_vcc",
}
};
/* regulator LDO2 constraints */
static struct regulator_init_data ldo2_data = {
.constraints = {
.min_uV = 3300000,
.max_uV = 3300000,
.valid_modes_mask = REGULATOR_MODE_NORMAL,
.apply_uV = 1,
},
.num_consumer_supplies = ARRAY_SIZE(ldo2_consumers),
.consumer_supplies = ldo2_consumers,
};
/* machine regulator devices with thier consumers and constraints */
static struct platform_device wm8350_regulator_devices[] = {
{
.name = "wm8350-regulator",
.id = WM8350_LDO_2,
.dev = {
.platform_data = &ldo2_data,
},
},
};
Changes in detail:-
o Removed all const char* regulator config functions in machine API.
o Created new struct regulator_init_data to contain regulator
machine configuration constraints and consmuers.
o Changed set_supply(), set_machine_constraints(),
set_consumer_device_supply() to remove their string identifier
parameters. Also made them static and moved functions nearer top of
core.c.
o Removed no longer used inline func to_rdev()
o Added regulator_get_init_drvdata() to retrieve init data.
o Added struct device* as parameter to regulator_register().
o Changed my email address.
Signed-off-by: Eric Miao <eric.miao@marvell.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
Signed-off-by: Liam Girdwood <lrg@slimlogic.co.uk>
A documentation cleanup patch. With a minor tweak to clarify units for
kbs.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: mark gross <mgross@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This adds overview documentation describing the regulator framework and
nomenclature used in the interface specific documentation and code.
Signed-off-by: Liam Girdwood <lg@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
Remove some obsolete PM documentation.
The majority of contents of Documentation/power/pm.txt are
outdated. Remove the outdated parts of this file and move the rest
to Documentation/power/apm-acpi.txt . Update the index in
Documentation/power/ as appropriate.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This adds PROP_CHARGE_COUNTER to the power supply class (documenting it
as well). The OLPC battery driver uses this for spitting out its ACR
values (in uAh). We have some rounding errors (the data sheet claims
416.7, the math actually works out to 416.666667, so we're forced to
choose between overflows or precision loss. I chose precision loss,
and stuck w/ data sheet values), but I don't think anyone will care
that much.
Signed-off-by: Andres Salomon <dilinger@debian.org>
Signed-off-by: Anton Vorontsov <cbouatmailru@gmail.com>
Modify the PM core to protect its data structures, specifically the
dpm_active list, from being corrupted if a child of the currently
suspending device is registered concurrently with its ->suspend()
callback. In that case, since the new device (the child) is added
to dpm_active after its parent, the PM core will attempt to
suspend it after the parent, which is wrong.
Introduce a new member of struct dev_pm_info, called 'sleeping',
and use it to check if the parent of the device being added to
dpm_active has been suspended, in which case the device registration
fails. Also, use 'sleeping' for checking if the ordering of devices
on dpm_active is correct.
Introduce variable 'all_sleeping' that will be set to 'true' once all
devices have been suspended and make new device registrations fail
until 'all_sleeping' is reset to 'false', in order to avoid having
unsuspended devices around while the system is going into a sleep state.
Remove pm_sleep_rwsem which is not necessary any more.
Special thanks to Alan Stern for discussions and suggestions that
lead to the creation of this patch.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Move 00-INDEX entries to power/00-INDEX (and add entry for
pm_qos_interface.txt).
Update references to moved filenames.
Fix some trailing whitespace.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
During the last step of hibernation in the "platform" mode (with the
help of ACPI) we use the suspend code, including the devices'
->suspend() methods, to prepare the system for entering the ACPI S4
system sleep state.
But at least for some devices the operations performed by the
->suspend() callback in that case must be different from its operations
during regular suspend.
For this reason, introduce the new PM event type PM_EVENT_HIBERNATE and
pass it to the device drivers' ->suspend() methods during the last phase
of hibernation, so that they can distinguish this case and handle it as
appropriate. Modify the drivers that handle PM_EVENT_SUSPEND in a
special way and need to handle PM_EVENT_HIBERNATE in the same way.
These changes are necessary to fix a hibernation regression related
to the i915 driver (ref. http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/2/22/488).
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Tested-by: Jeff Chua <jeff.chua.linux@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
