it actually worked only when requested area ended on the page boundary...
Reported-by: Marco Grassi <marco.gra@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull networking fixes from David Miller:
1) Netfilter list handling fix, from Linus.
2) RXRPC/AFS bug fixes from David Howells (oops on call to serviceless
endpoints, build warnings, missing notifications, etc.) From David
Howells.
3) Kernel log message missing newlines, from Colin Ian King.
4) Don't enter direct reclaim in netlink dumps, the idea is to use a
high order allocation first and fallback quickly to a 0-order
allocation if such a high-order one cannot be done cheaply and
without reclaim. From Eric Dumazet.
5) Fix firmware download errors in btusb bluetooth driver, from Ethan
Hsieh.
6) Missing Kconfig deps for QCOM_EMAC, from Geert Uytterhoeven.
7) Fix MDIO_XGENE dup Kconfig entry. From Laura Abbott.
8) Constrain ipv6 rtr_solicits sysctl values properly, from Maciej
Żenczykowski.
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net: (65 commits)
netfilter: Fix slab corruption.
be2net: Enable VF link state setting for BE3
be2net: Fix TX stats for TSO packets
be2net: Update Copyright string in be_hw.h
be2net: NCSI FW section should be properly updated with ethtool for BE3
be2net: Provide an alternate way to read pf_num for BEx chips
wan/fsl_ucc_hdlc: Fix size used in dma_free_coherent()
net: macb: NULL out phydev after removing mdio bus
xen-netback: make sure that hashes are not send to unaware frontends
Fixing a bug in team driver due to incorrect 'unsigned int' to 'int' conversion
MAINTAINERS: add myself as a maintainer of xen-netback
ipv6 addrconf: disallow rtr_solicits < -1
Bluetooth: btusb: Fix atheros firmware download error
drivers: net: phy: Correct duplicate MDIO_XGENE entry
ethernet: qualcomm: QCOM_EMAC should depend on HAS_DMA and HAS_IOMEM
net: ethernet: mediatek: remove hwlro property in the device tree
net: ethernet: mediatek: get hw lro capability by the chip id instead of by the dtsi
net: ethernet: mediatek: get the chip id by ETHDMASYS registers
net: bgmac: Fix errant feature flag check
netlink: do not enter direct reclaim from netlink_dump()
...
Use the correct pattern for singly linked list insertion and
deletion. We can also calculate the list head outside of the
mutex.
Fixes: e3b37f11e6 ("netfilter: replace list_head with single linked list")
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Aaron Conole <aconole@bytheb.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
net/netfilter/core.c | 108 ++++++++++++++++-----------------------------------
1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 75 deletions(-)
Pull more vfs updates from Al Viro:
">rename2() work from Miklos + current_time() from Deepa"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
fs: Replace current_fs_time() with current_time()
fs: Replace CURRENT_TIME_SEC with current_time() for inode timestamps
fs: Replace CURRENT_TIME with current_time() for inode timestamps
fs: proc: Delete inode time initializations in proc_alloc_inode()
vfs: Add current_time() api
vfs: add note about i_op->rename changes to porting
fs: rename "rename2" i_op to "rename"
vfs: remove unused i_op->rename
fs: make remaining filesystems use .rename2
libfs: support RENAME_NOREPLACE in simple_rename()
fs: support RENAME_NOREPLACE for local filesystems
ncpfs: fix unused variable warning
NAND:
* Add the infrastructure to automate NAND timings configuration
* Provide a generic DT property to maximize ECC strength
* Some refactoring in the core bad block table handling, to help with
improving some of the logic in error cases.
* Minor cleanups and fixes
MTD:
* Add APIs for handling page pairing; this is necessary for reliably
supporting MLC and TLC NAND flash, where paired-page disturbance affects
reliability. Upper layers (e.g., UBI) should make use of these in the near
future.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1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=/PuY
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'for-linus-20161008' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-mtd
Pull MTD updates from Brian Norris:
"I've not been very active this cycle, so these are mostly from Boris,
for the NAND flash subsystem.
NAND:
- Add the infrastructure to automate NAND timings configuration
- Provide a generic DT property to maximize ECC strength
- Some refactoring in the core bad block table handling, to help with
improving some of the logic in error cases.
- Minor cleanups and fixes
MTD:
- Add APIs for handling page pairing; this is necessary for reliably
supporting MLC and TLC NAND flash, where paired-page disturbance
affects reliability. Upper layers (e.g., UBI) should make use of
these in the near future"
* tag 'for-linus-20161008' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-mtd: (35 commits)
mtd: nand: fix trivial spelling error
mtdpart: Propagate _get/put_device()
mtd: nand: Provide nand_cleanup() function to free NAND related resources
mtd: Kill the OF_MTD Kconfig option
mtd: nand: mxc: Test CONFIG_OF instead of CONFIG_OF_MTD
mtd: nand: Fix nand_command_lp() for 8bits opcodes
mtd: nand: sunxi: Support ECC maximization
mtd: nand: Support maximizing ECC when using software BCH
mtd: nand: Add an option to maximize the ECC strength
mtd: nand: mxc: Add timing setup for v2 controllers
mtd: nand: mxc: implement onfi get/set features
mtd: nand: sunxi: switch from manual to automated timing config
mtd: nand: automate NAND timings selection
mtd: nand: Expose data interface for ONFI mode 0
mtd: nand: Add function to convert ONFI mode to data_interface
mtd: nand: convert ONFI mode into data interface
mtd: nand: Introduce nand_data_interface
mtd: nand: Create a NAND reset function
mtd: nand: remove unnecessary 'extern' from function declarations
MAINTAINERS: Add maintainer entry for Ingenic JZ4780 NAND driver
...
Pull vfs xattr updates from Al Viro:
"xattr stuff from Andreas
This completes the switch to xattr_handler ->get()/->set() from
->getxattr/->setxattr/->removexattr"
* 'work.xattr' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
vfs: Remove {get,set,remove}xattr inode operations
xattr: Stop calling {get,set,remove}xattr inode operations
vfs: Check for the IOP_XATTR flag in listxattr
xattr: Add __vfs_{get,set,remove}xattr helpers
libfs: Use IOP_XATTR flag for empty directory handling
vfs: Use IOP_XATTR flag for bad-inode handling
vfs: Add IOP_XATTR inode operations flag
vfs: Move xattr_resolve_name to the front of fs/xattr.c
ecryptfs: Switch to generic xattr handlers
sockfs: Get rid of getxattr iop
sockfs: getxattr: Fail with -EOPNOTSUPP for invalid attribute names
kernfs: Switch to generic xattr handlers
hfs: Switch to generic xattr handlers
jffs2: Remove jffs2_{get,set,remove}xattr macros
xattr: Remove unnecessary NULL attribute name check
Pull crypto updates from Herbert Xu:
"Here is the crypto update for 4.9:
API:
- The crypto engine code now supports hashes.
Algorithms:
- Allow keys >= 2048 bits in FIPS mode for RSA.
Drivers:
- Memory overwrite fix for vmx ghash.
- Add support for building ARM sha1-neon in Thumb2 mode.
- Reenable ARM ghash-ce code by adding import/export.
- Reenable img-hash by adding import/export.
- Add support for multiple cores in omap-aes.
- Add little-endian support for sha1-powerpc.
- Add Cavium HWRNG driver for ThunderX SoC"
* 'linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/herbert/crypto-2.6: (137 commits)
crypto: caam - treat SGT address pointer as u64
crypto: ccp - Make syslog errors human-readable
crypto: ccp - clean up data structure
crypto: vmx - Ensure ghash-generic is enabled
crypto: testmgr - add guard to dst buffer for ahash_export
crypto: caam - Unmap region obtained by of_iomap
crypto: sha1-powerpc - little-endian support
crypto: gcm - Fix IV buffer size in crypto_gcm_setkey
crypto: vmx - Fix memory corruption caused by p8_ghash
crypto: ghash-generic - move common definitions to a new header file
crypto: caam - fix sg dump
hwrng: omap - Only fail if pm_runtime_get_sync returns < 0
crypto: omap-sham - shrink the internal buffer size
crypto: omap-sham - add support for export/import
crypto: omap-sham - convert driver logic to use sgs for data xmit
crypto: omap-sham - change the DMA threshold value to a define
crypto: omap-sham - add support functions for sg based data handling
crypto: omap-sham - rename sgl to sgl_tmp for deprecation
crypto: omap-sham - align algorithms on word offset
crypto: omap-sham - add context export/import stubs
...
This includes a bug fix for a bad memory access during workqueue
cleanup, which can happen while shutting down the dlm networking
layer.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----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=4las
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'dlm-4.9' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/teigland/linux-dlm
Pull dlm fix from David Teigland:
"This includes a bug fix for a bad memory access during workqueue
cleanup, which can happen while shutting down the dlm networking
layer"
* tag 'dlm-4.9' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/teigland/linux-dlm:
dlm: free workqueues after the connections
with maintenance operations offloaded to userspace (Douglas Fuller,
Mike Christie and myself). Another block device bullet is a series
fixing up layering error paths (myself).
On the filesystem side, we've got patches that improve our handling of
buffered vs dio write races (Neil Brown) and a few assorted fixes from
Zheng. Also included a couple of random cleanups and a minor CRUSH
update.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v2
iQEcBAABCAAGBQJX+PjZAAoJEEp/3jgCEfOLVuoH/RwtFLIb6/KZUYtBOrVVrTun
kReRlfq2xKYrGGtyQEqSuz7fBdwT1LVCVcL8kC4GFD4R67o+tNMAr6PfM/7pZABj
HRoRLgSZ9FLw4W5n0VpBIznih75QUbCdXiTCtH9eorMHU5q1YpTvVHHlF9W9Pm2I
eNGnBWpGyHVeiK66mpUCH+EQKQ4GkAVD9rneTNqLHgq2yotHkVl1j258+DL6JRGs
OBoh3RmNQaGOAS37Lss8erCSusAGEcAeGV6ubuK2lFUKyR41EkD3I0xkhNSPe+CD
RifFcpVziIeTu//cLgl0nnHGtmUytD7HgJubaPthArKIOen9ZDAfEkgI0o+JI2A=
=45O7
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'ceph-for-4.9-rc1' of git://github.com/ceph/ceph-client
Pull Ceph updates from Ilya Dryomov:
"The big ticket item here is support for rbd exclusive-lock feature,
with maintenance operations offloaded to userspace (Douglas Fuller,
Mike Christie and myself). Another block device bullet is a series
fixing up layering error paths (myself).
On the filesystem side, we've got patches that improve our handling of
buffered vs dio write races (Neil Brown) and a few assorted fixes from
Zheng. Also included a couple of random cleanups and a minor CRUSH
update"
* tag 'ceph-for-4.9-rc1' of git://github.com/ceph/ceph-client: (39 commits)
crush: remove redundant local variable
crush: don't normalize input of crush_ln iteratively
libceph: ceph_build_auth() doesn't need ceph_auth_build_hello()
libceph: use CEPH_AUTH_UNKNOWN in ceph_auth_build_hello()
ceph: fix description for rsize and rasize mount options
rbd: use kmalloc_array() in rbd_header_from_disk()
ceph: use list_move instead of list_del/list_add
ceph: handle CEPH_SESSION_REJECT message
ceph: avoid accessing / when mounting a subpath
ceph: fix mandatory flock check
ceph: remove warning when ceph_releasepage() is called on dirty page
ceph: ignore error from invalidate_inode_pages2_range() in direct write
ceph: fix error handling of start_read()
rbd: add rbd_obj_request_error() helper
rbd: img_data requests don't own their page array
rbd: don't call rbd_osd_req_format_read() for !img_data requests
rbd: rework rbd_img_obj_exists_submit() error paths
rbd: don't crash or leak on errors in rbd_img_obj_parent_read_full_callback()
rbd: move bumping img_request refcount into rbd_obj_request_submit()
rbd: mark the original request as done if stat request fails
...
Pull splice fixups from Al Viro:
"A couple of fixups for interaction of pipe-backed iov_iter with
O_DIRECT reads + constification of a couple of primitives in uio.h
missed by previous rounds.
Kudos to davej - his fuzzing has caught those bugs"
* 'work.splice_read' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
[btrfs] fix check_direct_IO() for non-iovec iterators
constify iov_iter_count() and iter_is_iovec()
fix ITER_PIPE interaction with direct_IO
Pull misc vfs updates from Al Viro:
"Assorted misc bits and pieces.
There are several single-topic branches left after this (rename2
series from Miklos, current_time series from Deepa Dinamani, xattr
series from Andreas, uaccess stuff from from me) and I'd prefer to
send those separately"
* 'work.misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (39 commits)
proc: switch auxv to use of __mem_open()
hpfs: support FIEMAP
cifs: get rid of unused arguments of CIFSSMBWrite()
posix_acl: uapi header split
posix_acl: xattr representation cleanups
fs/aio.c: eliminate redundant loads in put_aio_ring_file
fs/internal.h: add const to ns_dentry_operations declaration
compat: remove compat_printk()
fs/buffer.c: make __getblk_slow() static
proc: unsigned file descriptors
fs/file: more unsigned file descriptors
fs: compat: remove redundant check of nr_segs
cachefiles: Fix attempt to read i_blocks after deleting file [ver #2]
cifs: don't use memcpy() to copy struct iov_iter
get rid of separate multipage fault-in primitives
fs: Avoid premature clearing of capabilities
fs: Give dentry to inode_change_ok() instead of inode
fuse: Propagate dentry down to inode_change_ok()
ceph: Propagate dentry down to inode_change_ok()
xfs: Propagate dentry down to inode_change_ok()
...
Pull ARM pcmcia updates from Russell King:
"These updates lay the foundations for more generic soc_common PCMCIA
support, which will result in several of the board specific drivers
being elimated.
As the dependencies for this are complex, the preliminary work is
being submitted now, with the remainder scheduled for the next merge
window"
* 'pcmcia' of git://git.armlinux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm:
pcmcia: soc_common: add driver-data pointer
pcmcia: soc_common: add support for voltage sense GPIOs
pcmcia: soc_common: constify pcmcia_low_level ops pointer
pcmcia: soc_common: switch to a per-socket cpufreq notifier
pcmcia: soc_common: add support for Vcc and Vpp regulators
pcmcia: soc_common: add CF socket state helper
pcmcia: soc_common: restore previous socket state on error
pcmcia: soc_common: add support for reset and bus enable GPIOs
pcmcia: soc_common: request legacy detect GPIO with active low
pcmcia: soc_common: ignore invalid interrupts
pcmcia: soc_common: switch to using gpio_descs
pcmcia: soc_common: use devm_gpio_request_one()
Pull protection keys syscall interface from Thomas Gleixner:
"This is the final step of Protection Keys support which adds the
syscalls so user space can actually allocate keys and protect memory
areas with them. Details and usage examples can be found in the
documentation.
The mm side of this has been acked by Mel"
* 'mm-pkeys-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/pkeys: Update documentation
x86/mm/pkeys: Do not skip PKRU register if debug registers are not used
x86/pkeys: Fix pkeys build breakage for some non-x86 arches
x86/pkeys: Add self-tests
x86/pkeys: Allow configuration of init_pkru
x86/pkeys: Default to a restrictive init PKRU
pkeys: Add details of system call use to Documentation/
generic syscalls: Wire up memory protection keys syscalls
x86: Wire up protection keys system calls
x86/pkeys: Allocation/free syscalls
x86/pkeys: Make mprotect_key() mask off additional vm_flags
mm: Implement new pkey_mprotect() system call
x86/pkeys: Add fault handling for PF_PK page fault bit
Pull x86 updates from Thomas Gleixner:
"A pile of regression fixes and updates:
- address the fallout of the patches which made the cpuid - nodeid
relation permanent: Handling of invalid APIC ids and preventing
pointless warning messages.
- force eager FPU when protection keys are enabled. Protection keys
are not generating FPU exceptions so they cannot work with the lazy
FPU mechanism.
- prevent force migration of interrupts which are not part of the CPU
vector domain.
- handle the fact that APIC ids are not updated in the ACPI/MADT
tables on physical CPU hotplug
- remove bash-isms from syscall table generator script
- use the hypervisor supplied APIC frequency when running on VMware"
* 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/pkeys: Make protection keys an "eager" feature
x86/apic: Prevent pointless warning messages
x86/acpi: Prevent LAPIC id 0xff from being accounted
arch/x86: Handle non enumerated CPU after physical hotplug
x86/unwind: Fix oprofile module link error
x86/vmware: Skip lapic calibration on VMware
x86/syscalls: Remove bash-isms in syscall table generator
x86/irq: Prevent force migration of irqs which are not in the vector domain
looking for duplicate ->iov_base makes sense only for
iovec-backed iterators; for kvec-backed ones it's pointless,
for bvec-backed ones it's pointless and broken on 32bit (we
walk through an array of struct bio_vec accessing them as if
they were struct iovec; works by accident on 64bit, but on
32bit it'll blow up) and for pipe-backed ones it's pointless
and ends up oopsing.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
by making sure we call iov_iter_advance() on original
iov_iter even if direct_IO (done on its copy) has returned 0.
It's a no-op for old iov_iter flavours and does the right thing
(== truncation of the stuff we'd allocated, but not filled) in
ITER_PIPE case. Failures (e.g. -EIO) get caught and dealt with
by cleanup in generic_file_read_iter().
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Pull perf tooling updates from Thomas Gleixner:
- handle uretprobe placement proper on little endian PPC64
- fix buffer handling in libtraceevent
- add a missing pointer derefence in perf probe
- fix the build of host tools in cross builds
- fix Intel PT timestamp handling
- synchronize memcpy, cpufeatures and bpf headers with the kernel headers
- support for vendor supplied JSON files describing PMU events
- a new set of tool tips
- initial work for clang/llvm support
- address some style issues found by cppcheck
* 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (35 commits)
tools build: Add feature detection for g++
tools build: Support compiling C++ source file
perf top/report: Add tips about a list option
perf report/top: Add a tip about system-wide collection from all CPUs
perf report/top: Add a tip about source line numbers with overhead
tools: Synchronize tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
tools: Synchronize tools/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
perf bench mem: Sync memcpy assembly sources with the kernel
perf jevents: Fix Intel JSON fixed counter conversions
tools lib traceevent: Fix kbuffer_read_at_offset()
perf intel-pt: Fix MTC timestamp calculation for large MTC periods
perf intel-pt: Fix estimated timestamps for cycle-accurate mode
perf uretprobe ppc64le: Fix probe location
perf pmu-events: Add Skylake frontend MSR support
perf pmu-events: Fix fixed counters on Intel
perf tools: Make alias matching case-insensitive
perf tools: Allow period= in perf stat CPU event descriptions.
perf tools: Add README for info on parsing JSON/map files
perf list jevents: Add support for event list topics
perf list: Support long jevents descriptions
...
Pull scheduler fix from Thomas Gleixner:
"A revert of a commit which pointelessly widened a preempt disabled
section which in turn caused might_sleep() to trigger.
The patch intended to prevent usage of smp_processor_id() in
preemptible context, but the usage in that case is fine because the
thread is pinned on a single cpu and therefore cannot be migrated off"
* 'sched-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
Revert "sched/core: Do not use smp_processor_id() with preempt enabled in smpboot_thread_fn()"
Pull irq fixes from Thomas Gleixner:
"Two small kerneldoc fixes from Julia Lawall"
* 'irq-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
irqchip/metag-ext: Improve function-level documentation
irqchip/vic: Improve function-level documentation
Pull timer fix from Thomas Gleixner:
"A single fix for a regression introduced in 4.8 which causes the
trace/perf clock to return random nonsense if CONFIG_DEBUG_TIMEKEEPING
is set"
* 'timers-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
timekeeping: Fix __ktime_get_fast_ns() regression
Merge my system logging cleanups, triggered by the broken '\n' patches.
The line continuation handling has been broken basically forever, and
the code to handle the system log records was both confusing and
dubious. And it would do entirely the wrong thing unless you always had
a terminating newline, partly because it couldn't actually see whether a
message was marked KERN_CONT or not (but partly because the LOG_CONT
handling in the recording code was rather confusing too).
This re-introduces a real semantically meaningful KERN_CONT, and fixes
the few places I noticed where it was missing. There are probably more
missing cases, since KERN_CONT hasn't actually had any semantic meaning
for at least four years (other than the checkpatch meaning of "no log
level necessary, this is a continuation line").
This also allows the combination of KERN_CONT and a log level. In that
case the log level will be ignored if the merging with a previous line
is successful, but if a new record is needed, that new record will now
get the right log level.
That also means that you can at least in theory combine KERN_CONT with
the "pr_info()" style helpers, although any use of pr_fmt() prefixing
would make that just result in a mess, of course (the prefix would end
up in the middle of a continuing line).
* printk-cleanups:
printk: make reading the kernel log flush pending lines
printk: re-organize log_output() to be more legible
printk: split out core logging code into helper function
printk: reinstate KERN_CONT for printing continuation lines
After backporting commit ee44b4bc05 ("dlm: use sctp 1-to-1 API")
series to a kernel with an older workqueue which didn't use RCU yet, it
was noticed that we are freeing the workqueues in dlm_lowcomms_stop()
too early as free_conn() will try to access that memory for canceling
the queued works if any.
This issue was introduced by commit 0d737a8cfd as before it such
attempt to cancel the queued works wasn't performed, so the issue was
not present.
This patch fixes it by simply inverting the free order.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 0d737a8cfd ("dlm: fix race while closing connections")
Signed-off-by: Marcelo Ricardo Leitner <marcelo.leitner@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Teigland <teigland@redhat.com>
Pull blk-mq CPU hotplug update from Jens Axboe:
"This is the conversion of blk-mq to the new hotplug state machine"
* 'for-4.9/block-smp' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
blk-mq: fixup "Convert to new hotplug state machine"
blk-mq: Convert to new hotplug state machine
blk-mq/cpu-notif: Convert to new hotplug state machine
Pull blk-mq irq/cpu mapping updates from Jens Axboe:
"This is the block-irq topic branch for 4.9-rc. It's mostly from
Christoph, and it allows drivers to specify their own mappings, and
more importantly, to share the blk-mq mappings with the IRQ affinity
mappings. It's a good step towards making this work better out of the
box"
* 'for-4.9/block-irq' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
blk_mq: linux/blk-mq.h does not include all the headers it depends on
blk-mq: kill unused blk_mq_create_mq_map()
blk-mq: get rid of the cpumask in struct blk_mq_tags
nvme: remove the post_scan callout
nvme: switch to use pci_alloc_irq_vectors
blk-mq: provide a default queue mapping for PCI device
blk-mq: allow the driver to pass in a queue mapping
blk-mq: remove ->map_queue
blk-mq: only allocate a single mq_map per tag_set
blk-mq: don't redistribute hardware queues on a CPU hotplug event
. add support for delaying the requeue of requests; used by DM multipath
when all paths have failed and 'queue_if_no_path' is enabled
. DM cache improvements to speedup the loading metadata and the writing
of the hint array
. fix potential for a dm-crypt crash on device teardown
. remove dm_bufio_cond_resched() and just using cond_resched()
. change DM multipath to return a reservation conflict error
immediately; rather than failing the path and retrying (potentially
indefinitely)
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1
iQEcBAABAgAGBQJX7n9KAAoJEMUj8QotnQNab74IANm+rW2uYdpLNCxWUmcaih0d
BK8dLS/Mz35S0TRSekvynuBcPx18VP2Zueulc+aHTWcT4sj79l6KnVYT9g6c98rL
zzcv10QTteqhiiWwFmPHsZgv5dW8Y5wiRdt+SqcQ5sAHMFci6C05gzp9caNu7VTs
fbcLUdyYm40y3j84Lx/+ABXgnBhq+40OTtdnYSkEmLtdscPLzwpHgPmMctkrEl7e
7mqGC1KbDDzartqOZOeGP2P2qOCNN21qA+8ctMw9Xyze33uwvj7Vx6cro6e28wMm
ZClY9XNGlfuW9dCNtFR9o6NXS6NIK30UJbKqyZPPsK+70JrOgzh6GzQnwSXdyNs=
=7SkG
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'dm-4.9-changes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm
Pull device mapper updates from Mike Snitzer:
- various fixes and cleanups for request-based DM core
- add support for delaying the requeue of requests; used by DM
multipath when all paths have failed and 'queue_if_no_path' is
enabled
- DM cache improvements to speedup the loading metadata and the writing
of the hint array
- fix potential for a dm-crypt crash on device teardown
- remove dm_bufio_cond_resched() and just using cond_resched()
- change DM multipath to return a reservation conflict error
immediately; rather than failing the path and retrying (potentially
indefinitely)
* tag 'dm-4.9-changes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm: (24 commits)
dm mpath: always return reservation conflict without failing over
dm bufio: remove dm_bufio_cond_resched()
dm crypt: fix crash on exit
dm cache metadata: switch to using the new cursor api for loading metadata
dm array: introduce cursor api
dm btree: introduce cursor api
dm cache policy smq: distribute entries to random levels when switching to smq
dm cache: speed up writing of the hint array
dm array: add dm_array_new()
dm mpath: delay the requeue of blk-mq requests while all paths down
dm mpath: use dm_mq_kick_requeue_list()
dm rq: introduce dm_mq_kick_requeue_list()
dm rq: reduce arguments passed to map_request() and dm_requeue_original_request()
dm rq: add DM_MAPIO_DELAY_REQUEUE to delay requeue of blk-mq requests
dm: convert wait loops to use autoremove_wake_function()
dm: use signal_pending_state() in dm_wait_for_completion()
dm: rename task state function arguments
dm: add two lockdep_assert_held() statements
dm rq: simplify dm_old_stop_queue()
dm mpath: check if path's request_queue is dying in activate_path()
...
- Updates to mlx5
- Updates to mlx4 (two conflicts, both minor and easily resolved)
- Updates to iw_cxgb4 (one conflict, not so obvious to resolve, proper
resolution is to keep the code in cxgb4_main.c as it is in Linus'
tree as attach_uld was refactored and moved into cxgb4_uld.c)
- Improvements to uAPI (moved vendor specific API elements to uAPI area)
- Add hns-roce driver and hns and hns-roce ACPI reset support
- Conversion of all rdma code away from deprecated
create_singlethread_workqueue
- Security improvement: remove unsafe ib_get_dma_mr (breaks lustre in
staging)
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----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=LC+S
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dledford/rdma
Pull main rdma updates from Doug Ledford:
"This is the main pull request for the rdma stack this release. The
code has been through 0day and I had it tagged for linux-next testing
for a couple days.
Summary:
- updates to mlx5
- updates to mlx4 (two conflicts, both minor and easily resolved)
- updates to iw_cxgb4 (one conflict, not so obvious to resolve,
proper resolution is to keep the code in cxgb4_main.c as it is in
Linus' tree as attach_uld was refactored and moved into
cxgb4_uld.c)
- improvements to uAPI (moved vendor specific API elements to uAPI
area)
- add hns-roce driver and hns and hns-roce ACPI reset support
- conversion of all rdma code away from deprecated
create_singlethread_workqueue
- security improvement: remove unsafe ib_get_dma_mr (breaks lustre in
staging)"
* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dledford/rdma: (75 commits)
staging/lustre: Disable InfiniBand support
iw_cxgb4: add fast-path for small REG_MR operations
cxgb4: advertise support for FR_NSMR_TPTE_WR
IB/core: correctly handle rdma_rw_init_mrs() failure
IB/srp: Fix infinite loop when FMR sg[0].offset != 0
IB/srp: Remove an unused argument
IB/core: Improve ib_map_mr_sg() documentation
IB/mlx4: Fix possible vl/sl field mismatch in LRH header in QP1 packets
IB/mthca: Move user vendor structures
IB/nes: Move user vendor structures
IB/ocrdma: Move user vendor structures
IB/mlx4: Move user vendor structures
IB/cxgb4: Move user vendor structures
IB/cxgb3: Move user vendor structures
IB/mlx5: Move and decouple user vendor structures
IB/{core,hw}: Add constant for node_desc
ipoib: Make ipoib_warn ratelimited
IB/mlx4/alias_GUID: Remove deprecated create_singlethread_workqueue
IB/ipoib_verbs: Remove deprecated create_singlethread_workqueue
IB/ipoib: Remove deprecated create_singlethread_workqueue
...
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----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=/P6a
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'for-linus-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dledford/rdma
Pull more rdma updates from Doug Ledford:
"Minor updates for rxe driver"
[ Starting to do merge window pulls again - the current -git tree does
appear to have some netfilter use-after-free issues, but I've sent
off the report to the proper channels, and I don't want to delay merge
window activity any more ]
* tag 'for-linus-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dledford/rdma:
IB/rxe: improved debug prints & code cleanup
rdma_rxe: Ensure rdma_rxe init occurs at correct time
IB/rxe: Properly honor max IRD value for rd/atomic.
IB/{rxe,core,rdmavt}: Fix kernel crash for reg MR
IB/rxe: Fix sending out loopback packet on netdev interface.
IB/rxe: Avoid scheduling tasklet for userspace QP
That will mean that any possible subsequent continuation will now be
broken up onto a line of its own (since reading the log has finalized
the beginning og the line), but if user space has activated system
logging (or if there's a kernel message dump going on) that is the right
thing to do.
And now that we actually get the continuation flags _right_ for this
all, the user space logger that is reading the kernel messages can
actually see the continuation marker. Not that anybody seems to really
bother with it (or care), but in theory user space can do its own
message stitching.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Avoid some duplicate logic now that we can return early, and update the
comments for the new LOG_CONT world order.
This also stops the continuation flushing from just using random record
flags for the flushing action, instead taking the flags from the proper
original line and updating them as we add continuations to it.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The code that actually decides how to log the message (whether to put it
directly into the record log, whether to append it to an existing
buffered log, or whether to start a new buffered log) is fairly
non-obvious code in the middle of the vprintk_emit() function.
Splitting that code up into a helper function makes it easier to
understand, but perhaps more importantly also allows for the code to
just return early out of the helper function once it has made the
decision about where the new log content goes.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Long long ago the kernel log buffer was a buffered stream of bytes, very
much like stdio in user space. It supported log levels by scanning the
stream and noticing the log level markers at the beginning of each line,
but if you wanted to print a partial line in multiple chunks, you just
did multiple printk() calls, and it just automatically worked.
Except when it didn't, and you had very confusing output when different
lines got all mixed up with each other. Then you got fragment lines
mixing with each other, or with non-fragment lines, because it was
traditionally impossible to tell whether a printk() call was a
continuation or not.
To at least help clarify the issue of continuation lines, we added a
KERN_CONT marker back in 2007 to mark continuation lines:
4749252776 ("printk: add KERN_CONT annotation").
That continuation marker was initially an empty string, and didn't
actuall make any semantic difference. But it at least made it possible
to annotate the source code, and have check-patch notice that a printk()
didn't need or want a log level marker, because it was a continuation of
a previous line.
To avoid the ambiguity between a continuation line that had that
KERN_CONT marker, and a printk with no level information at all, we then
in 2009 made KERN_CONT be a real log level marker which meant that we
could now reliably tell the difference between the two cases.
5fd29d6ccb ("printk: clean up handling of log-levels and newlines")
and we could take advantage of that to make sure we didn't mix up
continuation lines with lines that just didn't have any loglevel at all.
Then, in 2012, the kernel log buffer was changed to be a "record" based
log, where each line was a record that has a loglevel and a timestamp.
You can see the beginning of that conversion in commits
e11fea92e1 ("kmsg: export printk records to the /dev/kmsg interface")
7ff9554bb5 ("printk: convert byte-buffer to variable-length record buffer")
with a number of follow-up commits to fix some painful fallout from that
conversion. Over all, it took a couple of months to sort out most of
it. But the upside was that you could have concurrent readers (and
writers) of the kernel log and not have lines with mixed output in them.
And one particular pain-point for the record-based kernel logging was
exactly the fragmentary lines that are generated in smaller chunks. In
order to still log them as one recrod, the continuation lines need to be
attached to the previous record properly.
However the explicit continuation record marker that is actually useful
for this exact case was actually removed in aroundm the same time by commit
61e99ab8e3 ("printk: remove the now unnecessary "C" annotation for KERN_CONT")
due to the incorrect belief that KERN_CONT wasn't meaningful. The
ambiguity between "is this a continuation line" or "is this a plain
printk with no log level information" was reintroduced, and in fact
became an even bigger pain point because there was now the whole
record-level merging of kernel messages going on.
This patch reinstates the KERN_CONT as a real non-empty string marker,
so that the ambiguity is fixed once again.
But it's not a plain revert of that original removal: in the four years
since we made KERN_CONT an empty string again, not only has the format
of the log level markers changed, we've also had some usage changes in
this area.
For example, some ACPI code seems to use KERN_CONT _together_ with a log
level, and now uses both the KERN_CONT marker and (for example) a
KERN_INFO marker to show that it's an informational continuation of a
line.
Which is actually not a bad idea - if the continuation line cannot be
attached to its predecessor, without the log level information we don't
know what log level to assign to it (and we traditionally just assigned
it the default loglevel). So having both a log level and the KERN_CONT
marker is not necessarily a bad idea, but it does mean that we need to
actually iterate over potentially multiple markers, rather than just a
single one.
Also, since KERN_CONT was still conceptually needed, and encouraged, but
didn't actually _do_ anything, we've also had the reverse problem:
rather than having too many annotations it has too few, and there is bit
rot with code that no longer marks the continuation lines with the
KERN_CONT marker.
So this patch not only re-instates the non-empty KERN_CONT marker, it
also fixes up the cases of bit-rot I noticed in my own logs.
There are probably other cases where KERN_CONT will be needed to be
added, either because it is new code that never dealt with the need for
KERN_CONT, or old code that has bitrotted without anybody noticing.
That said, we should strive to avoid the need for KERN_CONT. It does
result in real problems for logging, and should generally not be seen as
a good feature. If we some day can get rid of the feature entirely,
because nobody does any fragmented printk calls, that would be lovely.
But until that point, let's at mark the code that relies on the hacky
multi-fragment kernel printk's. Not only does it avoid the ambiguity,
it also annotates code as "maybe this would be good to fix some day".
(That said, particularly during single-threaded bootup, the downsides of
KERN_CONT are very limited. Things get much hairier when you have
multiple threads going on and user level reading and writing logs too).
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Sriharsha Basavapatna says:
====================
be2net: patch-set
The following patch set contains a few bug fixes.
Please consider applying this to the net-next tree.
Thanks.
Patch-1 Obtains proper PF number for BEx chips
Patch-2 Fixes a FW update issue seen with BEx chips
Patch-3 Updates copyright string
Patch-4 Fixes TX stats for TSO packets
Patch-5 Enables VF link state setting for BE3
====================
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The VF link state setting feature now works on BE3 chips too from
FW ver 11.1.192.0 onwards.
Signed-off-by: Suresh Reddy <suresh.reddy@broadcom.com>
Signed-off-by: Sriharsha Basavapatna <sriharsha.basavapatna@broadcom.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
TX stats update does not take into account headers which get duplicated
when the TSO packet is split into segments by HW. Fix this for both
tunneled (vxlan) and non-tunneled TSO packets.
Signed-off-by: Sriharsha Basavapatna <sriharsha.basavapatna@broadcom.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch updates the year and company name in the copyright string
in be_hw.h.
Signed-off-by: Sriharsha Basavapatna <sriharsha.basavapatna@broadcom.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The driver has a check to ensure that NCSI FW section is updated only
if the current FW version in the card supports it. This FW version check
is done using memcmp() which obviously fails in some cases. Fix this by
breaking up the version string into integer version components and
comparing them.
Signed-off-by: Sriharsha Basavapatna <sriharsha.basavapatna@broadcom.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The driver gets the pf_num for Skyhawk and Lancer using
GET_FUNC_CONFIG FW command. But since that command is not
supported in BEx, we need to get it from some other command.
Otherwise TPE recovery would fail since all NIC PFs would
end up with a func num of 0. There's a pci function number
field in the response of GET_CNTL_ATTRIBUTES command that
can be read to get the same info for BEx adapters.
Signed-off-by: Sriharsha Basavapatna <sriharsha.basavapatna@broadcom.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Johan Hedberg says:
====================
pull request: bluetooth 2016-10-08
Here are a couple of Bluetooth fixes for the 4.9 kernel:
- Firmware download fix for Atheros controllers
- Fixes to the content of LE scan response
- New USB ID for a Marvell chipset
Please let me know if there are any issues pulling. Thanks.
====================
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Our XSAVE features are divided into two categories: those that
generate FPU exceptions, and those that do not. MPX and pkeys do
not generate FPU exceptions and thus can not be used lazily. We
disable them when lazy mode is forced on.
We have a pair of masks to collect these two sets of features, but
XFEATURE_MASK_PKRU was added to the wrong mask: XFEATURE_MASK_LAZY.
Fix it by moving the feature to XFEATURE_MASK_EAGER.
Note: this only causes problem if you boot with lazy FPU mode
(eagerfpu=off) which is *not* the default. It also only affects
hardware which is not currently publicly available. It looks like
eager mode is going away, but we still need this patch applied
to any kernel that has protection keys and lazy mode, which is 4.6
through 4.8 at this point, and 4.9 if the lazy removal isn't sent
to Linus for 4.9.
Fixes: c8df400984 ("x86/fpu, x86/mm/pkeys: Add PKRU xsave fields and data structures")
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161007162342.28A49813@viggo.jf.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Markus reported that he sees new warnings:
APIC: NR_CPUS/possible_cpus limit of 4 reached. Processor 4/0x84 ignored.
APIC: NR_CPUS/possible_cpus limit of 4 reached. Processor 5/0x85 ignored.
This comes from the recent persistant cpuid - nodeid changes. The code
which emits the warning has been called prior to these changes only for
enabled processors. Now it's called for disabled processors as well to get
the possible cpu accounting correct. So if the kernel is compiled for the
number of actual available/enabled CPUs and the BIOS reports disabled CPUs
as well then the above warnings are printed.
That's a pointless exercise as it only makes sense if there are more CPUs
enabled than the kernel supports.
Nake the warning conditional on enabled processors so we are back to the
state before these changes.
Fixes: 8f54969dc8 ("x86/acpi: Introduce persistent storage for cpuid <-> apicid mapping")
Reported-and-tested-by: Markus Trippelsdorf <markus@trippelsdorf.de>
Cc: One Thousand Gnomes <gnomes@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: Dou Liyang <douly.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Gu Zheng <guz.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.20.1610071549330.19804@nanos
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Al Viro