CelestiaContent/data/solarsys.ssc

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# Planets and major natural satellites of the Solar System.
# The rest of the Solar System's natural satellites are in minormoons.ssc.
#
# The orbital and physical data for the planets necessarily come from a
# variety of sources.
#
#
# === Orbits ===
#
# CustomOrbits are used for most of the large bodies in the solar system.
# These are orbital calculations built into Celestia. In most cases,
# EllipticalOrbits are provided as well in order to give the reader of this
# file some rough idea of the shape and size of a body's orbit. If a body has
# a CustomOrbit defined, its EllipticalOrbit is *not* used by Celestia; the
# CustomOrbit will override the EllipticalOrbit.
#
# For the planets, the orbits are calculated using the VSOP87 theory
# (P. Bretagnon and G. Francou, "Planetary theories in rectangular and
# spherical variables. VSOP87 solutions", Astronomy & Astrophysics 202
# (1988) 309-315.
#
# The orbits of the Galilean satellites are from J. H. Lieske's "E5" theory
# as given in Jean Meeus's _Astronomical Algorithms_, pp. 301-315
#
# The orbits of the following Saturnian satellites are from Gerard Dourneau
# (1987), "Observations et etude du mouvement des huit premiers satellites
# de Saturne":
# Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, Titan, Hyperion, Iapetus
#
# The orbits of the five largest Uranian satellites are from Laskar and
# Jacobson (1978), "An Analytical Ephemeris of the Uranian Satellites"
# (Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon)
#
# **** IMPORTANT ****
# For applications where more accuracy is required, the orbits of any solar
# system body may be replaced by a SPICE kernel or a file of postion/velocity
# samples. Detailed documentation on how to do this may be found on the
# Celestia WikiBook:
# https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Celestia/Trajectories#CustomOrbit
# It is also possible to use JPL's DE405 or DE406 ephemeris For the positions
# of the planets, Moon, and Pluto. Details are here:
# https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Celestia/JPL_Ephemerides
# *******************
#
#
# === Rotational Elements ===
#
# For most bodies, IAU rotational elements are used. These are implemented
# internally by Celestia and selected by using a CustomRotation. The IAU
# rotational elements are given here:
# http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/Projects/WGCCRE/
#
# UniformRotations are also listed for purely informational reasons; they are
# overridden by CustomRotations (when present.)
#
#
# When alternate data sources are used for orbits or rotational elements, the
# source is noted by a comment in the body definition.
#
#
# === Temperature, Albedo and Colors ===
# Bond albedo values were taken from the English Wikipedia, for Mars:
# http://www.tak2000.com/data/planets/mars.htm
# Geometric albedo and colors of planets was calculated from the spectra
# from this paper:
# https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.05048
"Mercury" "Sol"
{
Class "planet"
Texture "mercury.*"
NormalMap "mercury-normal.*"
Color [ 1.0 0.95415 0.86031 ]
Radius 2439.7
CustomOrbit "vsop87-mercury"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Epoch 2451545.0 # 2000 Jan 01 12:00
# Period 0.240846264317122
# SemiMajorAxis 0.3870982121840369
# Eccentricity 0.2056302929816634
# Inclination 7.00501414069919
# AscendingNode 48.3305373398104
# ArgOfPericenter 29.12428280936123
# MeanAnomaly 174.7958829506606
# }
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
CustomRotation "iau-mercury"
# Overridden by CustomRotation
# UniformRotation
# {
# Period 1407.509405
# Inclination 28.55
# AscendingNode 11.01
# MeridianAngle 329.548
# }
LunarLambert 0.5
GeomAlbedo 0.141380
BondAlbedo 0.088
InfoURL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet)"
}
"Venus" "Sol"
{
Class "planet"
Texture "venus.*"
NormalMap "venus-normal.*"
Color [ 0.98965 1.0 0.98452 ]
Radius 6051.8
Atmosphere
{
Height 200
MieScaleHeight 27
Mie 0.02
MieAsymmetry -0.2
Rayleigh [ 0.0031 0.0058 0.0120 ]
#Absorption [ 0.0044 0.0040 0.0004 ]
CloudHeight 48.5
CloudSpeed 90
CloudMap "venus-clouds.*"
}
CustomOrbit "vsop87-venus"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Epoch 2451545.0 # 2000 Jan 01 12:00
# Period 0.615190499860112
# SemiMajorAxis 0.7233269274790103
# Eccentricity 0.006755786250503024
# Inclination 3.394589648659516
# AscendingNode 76.67837463924961
# ArgOfPericenter 55.18596653686583
# MeanAnomaly 50.11477187351476
# }
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
CustomRotation "iau-venus"
# Overridden by CustomRotation
# UniformRotation
# {
# Period 5832.443616
# Inclination 157.16
# AscendingNode 182.76
# MeridianAngle 19.80
# }
LunarLambert 0.5
GeomAlbedo 0.672604
BondAlbedo 0.760
TempDiscrepancy 507.5
InfoURL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus"
}
"Earth" "Sol"
{
Class "planet"
Texture "earth.*"
NightTexture "earth-night.*"
NormalMap "earth-normal.*"
Color [ 0.87572 0.91517 1.0 ]
SpecularColor [ 0.50 0.44 0.40 ]
SpecularPower 120
Radius 6378.140
Oblateness 0.0033528
Atmosphere
{
Height 100
Mie 0.0002
MieAsymmetry -0.7
MieScaleHeight 8.5
Rayleigh [ 0.0054 0.0081 0.0167 ]
Absorption [ 0.0027 0.0017 0.0002 ]
CloudHeight 7
CloudSpeed 65
CloudMap "earth-clouds.*"
CloudShadowDepth 1.0
}
CustomOrbit "vsop87-earth"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Epoch 2451545.0 # 2000 Jan 01 12:00
# Period 1.00069071545358
# SemiMajorAxis 1.000448828928361
# Eccentricity 0.0171186290535764
# Inclination 0.000418134426968885
# AscendingNode 135.0829426264774
# ArgOfPericenter 326.7259945200456
# MeanAnomaly 358.6172562406391
# }
# Orientation of Earth's axis with respect to the ecliptic plane and
# equinox of J2000 is computed with the long period extension of
# extension of the the P03 precession model presented in
# "Long-periodic Precession Parameters", J. Vondrak (2006)
BodyFrame { EclipticJ2000 {} }
CustomRotation "earth-p03lp"
# Overridden by CustomRotation
# UniformRotation
# {
# Period 23.93447117
# Inclination -23.4392911
# MeridianAngle 280.147
# }
LunarLambert 0.5
GeomAlbedo 0.449576
BondAlbedo 0.306
TempDiscrepancy 33.5
InfoURL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth"
}
"Moon:Earth I" "Sol/Earth"
{
Class "moon"
Texture "moon.*"
NormalMap "moon-normal.*"
Color [ 1.0 0.94582 0.865 ]
Radius 1738.14
Oblateness 0.00125
CustomOrbit "moon"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# OrbitFrame
# {
# EclipticJ2000 { Center "Sol/Earth" }
# }
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Epoch 2451545.0 # 2000 Jan 01 12:00
# Period 27.321661
# SemiMajorAxis 384399
# Eccentricity 0.05490
# Inclination 5.240273
# AscendingNode 123.958056
# ArgOfPericenter 308.922672
# MeanAnomaly 146.673275
# }
OrbitFrame
{
EquatorJ2000 { Center "Sol/Earth" }
}
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
CustomRotation "iau-moon"
# Overridden by CustomRotation
# UniformRotation
# {
# Inclination 23.4608
# AscendingNode 359.9949
# MeridianAngle 38.3213
# }
LunarLambert 0.5
GeomAlbedo 0.136
BondAlbedo 0.11
InfoURL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon"
}
"Mars" "Sol"
{
Class "planet"
Texture "mars.*"
NormalMap "mars-normal.*"
Color [ 1.0 0.79855 0.56429 ]
Radius 3396.2
Oblateness 0.00589
Atmosphere
{
Height 80
Mie 0.003
MieScaleHeight 11.1
Rayleigh [ 0.00022 0.00034 0.00070 ]
Absorption [ 0.0020 0.0020 0.0030 ]
CloudHeight 30
CloudSpeed 32
CloudMap "mars-clouds.*"
}
CustomOrbit "vsop87-mars"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Epoch 2451545.0 # 2000 Jan 01 12:00
# Period 1.88082484103404
# SemiMajorAxis 1.523678992954245
# Eccentricity 0.09331510145396012
# Inclination 1.849876432291737
# AscendingNode 49.56200626315643
# ArgOfPericenter 286.5373825261921
# MeanAnomaly 19.35648274604994
# }
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
CustomRotation "iau-mars"
# Overridden by CustomRotation
# UniformRotation
# {
# Period 24.622962156
# Inclination 37.11350
# AscendingNode 47.68143
# MeridianAngle 176.630
# }
LunarLambert 0.5
GeomAlbedo 0.174821
BondAlbedo 0.290
TempDiscrepancy 2
InfoURL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars"
}
"Phobos:Mars I" "Sol/Mars"
{
Class "minormoon"
Mesh "phobos.cmod"
MeshCenter [ -0.233 -0.156 -0.168 ]
Texture "phobos.*"
Color [ 1.0 0.98516 0.94386 ]
Radius 13.1
OrbitFrame
{
EclipticJ2000 { Center "Sol/Mars" }
}
EllipticalOrbit
{
Epoch 2456655.5 # 2013 Dec 29
Period 0.31891023
SemiMajorAxis 9376
Eccentricity 0.0151
Inclination 27.235297
AscendingNode 84.938846
ArgOfPericenter 48.660664
MeanAnomaly 85.232720
}
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
CustomRotation "iau-phobos"
# Overridden by CustomRotation
# UniformRotation
# {
# Inclination 37.10
# AscendingNode 47.68
# MeridianAngle 35.06
# }
LunarLambert 0.5
GeomAlbedo 0.071
BondAlbedo 0.027
InfoURL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phobos_(moon)"
}
"Deimos:Mars II" "Sol/Mars"
{
Class "minormoon"
Mesh "deimos.cmod"
Texture "deimos.*"
Color [ 1.0 0.97168 0.93149 ]
Radius 7.8
OrbitFrame
{
EclipticJ2000 { Center "Sol/Mars" }
}
EllipticalOrbit
{
Epoch 2443431.5 # 1977 Oct 15
Period 1.2624407
SemiMajorAxis 23463.2
Eccentricity 0.00033
Inclination 24.167070
AscendingNode 84.377158
ArgOfPericenter 61.616854
MeanAnomaly 213.688382
}
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
CustomRotation "iau-deimos"
# Overridden by CustomRotation
# UniformRotation
# {
# Inclination 36.48
# AscendingNode 47.65
# MeridianAngle 79.41
# }
LunarLambert 0.5
GeomAlbedo 0.068
InfoURL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deimos_(moon)"
}
"Jupiter" "Sol"
{
Class "planet"
Texture "jupiter.*" # from 2000 by Cassini-Huygens
Color [ 1.0 0.98663 0.91433 ]
Radius 71492
Oblateness 0.06487
Atmosphere
{
Height 1000
Mie 0.0001
MieScaleHeight 28
MieAsymmetry -0.15
Rayleigh [ 0.00095 0.00145 0.00298 ]
Absorption [ 0.00033 0.00010 0.00001 ]
}
CustomOrbit "vsop87-jupiter"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Epoch 2451545.0 # 2000 Jan 01 12:00
# Period 11.8672211183947
# SemiMajorAxis 5.204336236587197
# Eccentricity 0.04878759832915376
# Inclination 1.304632514444227
# AscendingNode 100.4912520138616
# ArgOfPericenter 275.0689654447587
# MeanAnomaly 18.81562670870565
# }
BodyFrame { EclipticJ2000 {} }
UniformRotation
{
Period 9.92491250
Inclination 2.22
AscendingNode 337.80
MeridianAngle 305.38
}
GeomAlbedo 0.510901
BondAlbedo 0.503
TempDiscrepancy 62.5 # for 1 bar level
Rings
{
Inner 122500
Outer 129360
Texture "jupiter-rings.*"
}
InfoURL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter"
}
AltSurface "2018 (Hubble)" "Sol/Jupiter"
{
Texture "jupiter-2018.*"
LunarLambert 0.5
}
"Io:Jupiter I" "Sol/Jupiter"
{
Class "moon"
Texture "io.*"
Color [ 1.0 0.94191 0.70074 ]
SemiAxes [ 1829.4 1819.4 1815.7 ]
Atmosphere
{
Height 500
Mie 0.000005
MieScaleHeight 50
}
CustomOrbit "io"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# OrbitFrame
# {
# EclipticJ2000 { Center "Sol/Jupiter" }
# }
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Epoch 2451545.0 # 2000 Jan 01 12:00
# Period 1.769137786
# SemiMajorAxis 421769
# Eccentricity 0.0041
# Inclination 2.212554
# AscendingNode 336.850441
# ArgOfPericenter 66.167954
# MeanAnomaly 335.152150
# }
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
CustomRotation "iau-io"
# Overridden by CustomRotation
# UniformRotation
# {
# Inclination 25.50
# AscendingNode 358.05
# MeridianAngle 200.39
# }
LunarLambert 0.5
GeomAlbedo 0.63
BondAlbedo 0.56
TempDiscrepancy 11
InfoURL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io_(moon)"
}
AltSurface "Limit of knowledge" "Sol/Jupiter/Io"
{
Texture "io.*"
OverlayTexture "io-lok-mask.*"
LunarLambert 0.5
}
"Europa:Jupiter II" "Sol/Jupiter"
{
Class "moon"
Texture "europa.*"
Color [ 1.0 0.95939 0.85366 ]
SemiAxes [ 1562.6 1560.3 1559.5 ]
CustomOrbit "europa"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# OrbitFrame
# {
# EclipticJ2000 { Center "Sol/Jupiter" }
# }
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Epoch 2451545.0 # 2000 Jan 01 12:00
# Period 3.551181
# SemiMajorAxis 671079
# Eccentricity 0.0094
# Inclination 1.790890
# AscendingNode 332.628081
# ArgOfPericenter 254.647596
# MeanAnomaly 345.411243
# }
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
CustomRotation "iau-europa"
# Overridden by CustomRotation
# UniformRotation
# {
# Inclination 25.49
# AscendingNode 358.08
# MeridianAngle 36.022
# }
LunarLambert 0.5
GeomAlbedo 0.67
BondAlbedo 0.68
InfoURL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_(moon)"
}
AltSurface "Limit of knowledge" "Sol/Jupiter/Europa"
{
Texture "europa.*"
OverlayTexture "europa-lok-mask.*"
LunarLambert 0.5
}
"Ganymede:Jupiter III" "Sol/Jupiter"
{
Class "moon"
Texture "ganymede.*"
Color [ 1.0 0.96761 0.89281 ]
SemiAxes [ 2634.5 2633 2631.5 ]
CustomOrbit "ganymede"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# OrbitFrame
# {
# EclipticJ2000 { Center "Sol/Jupiter" }
# }
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Epoch 2451545.0 # 2000 Jan 01 12:00
# Period 7.15455296
# SemiMajorAxis 1070428
# Eccentricity 0.0013
# Inclination 2.214148
# AscendingNode 343.170954
# ArgOfPericenter 319.809696
# MeanAnomaly 277.048780
# }
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
CustomRotation "iau-ganymede"
# Overridden by CustomRotation
# UniformRotation
# {
# Inclination 25.43
# AscendingNode 358.20
# MeridianAngle 44.064
# }
LunarLambert 0.5
GeomAlbedo 0.43
BondAlbedo 0.35
InfoURL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(moon)"
}
AltSurface "Limit of knowledge" "Sol/Jupiter/Ganymede"
{
Texture "ganymede.*"
OverlayTexture "ganymede-lok-mask.*"
LunarLambert 0.5
}
"Callisto:Jupiter IV" "Sol/Jupiter"
{
Class "moon"
Texture "callisto.*"
Color [ 1.0 0.9573 0.86499 ]
SemiAxes [ 2409.5 2409.5 2409 ]
CustomOrbit "callisto"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# OrbitFrame
# {
# EclipticJ2000 { Center "Sol/Jupiter" }
# }
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Epoch 2451545.0 # 2000 Jan 01 12:00
# Period 16.6890184
# SemiMajorAxis 1882700
# Eccentricity 0.0074
# Inclination 2.016906
# AscendingNode 337.941534
# ArgOfPericenter 16.127956
# MeanAnomaly 85.118909
# }
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
CustomRotation "iau-callisto"
# Overridden by CustomRotation
# UniformRotation
# {
# Inclination 25.17
# AscendingNode 358.72
# MeridianAngle 259.51
# }
LunarLambert 0.5
GeomAlbedo 0.22
BondAlbedo 0.11
InfoURL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_(moon)"
}
AltSurface "Limit of knowledge" "Sol/Jupiter/Callisto"
{
Texture "callisto.*"
OverlayTexture "callisto-lok-mask.*"
LunarLambert 0.5
}
"Saturn" "Sol"
{
Class "planet"
Texture "saturn.*"
Color [ 1.0 0.9476 0.81514 ]
Radius 60268
Oblateness 0.09796
Atmosphere
{
Height 1000
Mie 0.0001
MieScaleHeight 59.5
Rayleigh [ 0.00068 0.00103 0.00213 ]
Absorption [ 0.00016 0.00005 0.00001 ]
}
CustomOrbit "vsop87-saturn"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Epoch 2451545.0 # 2000 Jan 01 12:00
# Period 29.656888456386
# SemiMajorAxis 9.581929202823844
# Eccentricity 0.05563834277711069
# Inclination 2.484252385463505
# AscendingNode 113.6996605096974
# ArgOfPericenter 335.8655933994241
# MeanAnomaly 320.4255571246729
# }
BodyFrame { EclipticJ2000 {} }
UniformRotation
{
Period 10.560555555556
Inclination 28.049
AscendingNode 169.530
MeridianAngle 358.922
}
GeomAlbedo 0.499740
BondAlbedo 0.342
TempDiscrepancy 52.5 # for 1 bar level
Rings
{
Inner 74500
Outer 140220
Texture "saturn-rings.*"
}
InfoURL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn"
}
"Mimas:Saturn I" "Sol/Saturn"
{
Class "moon"
Mesh "mimas.cmod"
Texture "mimas.*"
Color [ 0.983 1.0 0.983 ]
Radius 207.8
CustomOrbit "mimas"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# OrbitFrame
# {
# EclipticJ2000 { Center "Sol/Saturn" }
# }
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Epoch 2451545.0 # 2000 Jan 01 12:00
# Period 0.9424218
# SemiMajorAxis 185539
# Eccentricity 0.0196
# Inclination 27.001876
# AscendingNode 172.056861
# ArgOfPericenter 108.643370
# MeanAnomaly 37.479867
# }
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
CustomRotation "iau-mimas"
# Overridden by CustomRotation
# UniformRotation
# {
# Inclination 6.48
# AscendingNode 130.66
# MeridianAngle 337.46
# }
LunarLambert 0.5
GeomAlbedo 0.962
BondAlbedo 0.67
InfoURL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimas_(moon)"
}
"Enceladus:Saturn II" "Sol/Saturn"
{
Class "moon"
Texture "enceladus.*"
# NormalMap "enceladus-normal.*"
Color [ 0.984 1.0 0.984 ]
Radius 252.1
SemiAxes [ 1.018 0.9972 0.9849 ]
CustomOrbit "enceladus"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# OrbitFrame
# {
# EclipticJ2000 { Center "Sol/Saturn" }
# }
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Epoch 2451545.0 # 2000 Jan 01 12:00
# Period 1.370218
# SemiMajorAxis 238037
# Eccentricity 0.0047
# Inclination 28.052057
# AscendingNode 169.506562
# ArgOfPericenter 135.483282
# MeanAnomaly 6.952993
# }
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
CustomRotation "iau-enceladus"
# Overridden by CustomRotation
# UniformRotation
# {
# Inclination 6.48
# AscendingNode 130.66
# MeridianAngle 2.82
# }
LunarLambert 0.5
GeomAlbedo 1.375
BondAlbedo 0.81
TempDiscrepancy 15.35
InfoURL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus"
}
"Tethys:Saturn III" "Sol/Saturn"
{
Class "moon"
Texture "tethys.*"
NormalMap "tethys-normal.*"
Color [ 0.980 1.0 0.966 ]
SemiAxes [ 538.4 528.7 526.3 ]
CustomOrbit "tethys"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# OrbitFrame
# {
# EclipticJ2000 { Center "Sol/Saturn" }
# }
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Epoch 2451545.0 # 2000 Jan 01 12:00
# Period 1.887802
# SemiMajorAxis 294672
# Eccentricity 0.0001
# Inclination 27.221003
# AscendingNode 167.998171
# ArgOfPericenter 157.575335
# MeanAnomaly 350.864392
# }
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
CustomRotation "iau-tethys"
# Overridden by CustomRotation
# UniformRotation
# {
# Inclination 6.48
# AscendingNode 130.66
# MeridianAngle 10.45
# }
LunarLambert 0.5
GeomAlbedo 1.229
BondAlbedo 0.61
InfoURL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tethys_(moon)"
}
"Dione:Saturn IV" "Sol/Saturn"
{
Class "moon"
Texture "dione.*"
NormalMap "dione-normal.*"
Color [ 0.990 1.0 0.989 ]
SemiAxes [ 564.4 561.3 559.6 ]
CustomOrbit "dione"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# OrbitFrame
# {
# EclipticJ2000 { Center "Sol/Saturn" }
# }
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Epoch 2451545.0 # 2000 Jan 01 12:00
# Period 2.736915
# SemiMajorAxis 377415
# Eccentricity 0.0022
# Inclination 28.041482
# AscendingNode 169.470090
# ArgOfPericenter 164.934721
# MeanAnomaly 332.057584
# }
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
CustomRotation "iau-dione"
# Overridden by CustomRotation
# UniformRotation
# {
# Inclination 6.48
# AscendingNode 130.66
# MeridianAngle 357.00
# }
LunarLambert 0.5
GeomAlbedo 0.998
BondAlbedo 0.52
InfoURL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dione_(moon)"
}
"Rhea:Saturn V" "Sol/Saturn"
{
Class "moon"
Texture "rhea.*"
# NormalMap "rhea-normal.*"
Color [ 1.0 0.98264 0.94056 ]
SemiAxes [ 766.2 762.8 762.2 ]
CustomOrbit "rhea"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# OrbitFrame
# {
# EclipticJ2000 { Center "Sol/Saturn" }
# }
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Epoch 2451545.0 # 2000 Jan 01 12:00
# Period 4.518212
# SemiMajorAxis 527068
# Eccentricity 0.0012583
# Inclination 28.241393
# AscendingNode 168.984156
# ArgOfPericenter 165.781086
# MeanAnomaly 206.903127
# }
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
CustomRotation "iau-rhea"
# Overridden by CustomRotation
# UniformRotation
# {
# Inclination 6.45
# AscendingNode 130.38
# MeridianAngle 235.16
# }
LunarLambert 0.5
GeomAlbedo 0.949
BondAlbedo 0.48
InfoURL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhea_(moon)"
}
"Titan:Saturn VI" "Sol/Saturn"
{
Class "moon"
Texture "titan.*"
Color [ 1.0 0.90773 0.72897 ]
SpecularColor [ 0.50 0.44 0.40 ]
SpecularPower 1000
SemiAxes [ 2575.15 2574.78 2574.47 ]
Atmosphere
{
Height 950
Rayleigh [ 0.00125 0.00176 0.00274 ]
MieScaleHeight 130
Absorption [ 0.0001 0.0005 0.001 ]
CloudHeight 200
CloudSpeed 65
CloudMap "titan-clouds.*"
}
CustomOrbit "titan"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# OrbitFrame
# {
# EclipticJ2000 { Center "Sol/Saturn" }
# }
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Epoch 2451545.0 # 2000 Jan 01 12:00
# Period 15.945421
# SemiMajorAxis 1221865
# Eccentricity 0.0288
# Inclination 27.718340
# AscendingNode 169.239155
# ArgOfPericenter 164.409100
# MeanAnomaly 163.436236
# }
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
CustomRotation "iau-titan"
# Overridden by CustomRotation
# UniformRotation
# {
# Inclination 6.06
# AscendingNode 126.41
# MeridianAngle 189.64
# }
LunarLambert 0.5
GeomAlbedo 0.21
BondAlbedo 0.27
TempDiscrepancy 11
InfoURL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(moon)"
}
"Hyperion:Saturn VII" "Sol/Saturn"
{
Class "minormoon"
Mesh "hyperion.cmod"
Texture "hyperion.*"
Color [ 1.0 0.968 0.902 ]
Radius 180.1
CustomOrbit "hyperion"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# OrbitFrame
# {
# EclipticJ2000 { Center "Sol/Saturn" }
# }
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Epoch 2451545.0 # 2000 Jan 01 12:00
# Period 21.276609
# SemiMajorAxis 1500934
# Eccentricity 0.0274
# Inclination 27.209154
# AscendingNode 168.304747
# ArgOfPericenter 188.693292
# MeanAnomaly 70.603755
# }
# The rotation of Hyperion is chaotic; we don't attempt to model
# the rotation exactly, but instead use non-zero precession rate to
# make the rotation appear somewhat irregular.
PrecessingRotation
{
Period 120
Inclination 61
AscendingNode 145
PrecessionPeriod 0.0192
}
LunarLambert 0.5
GeomAlbedo 0.3
InfoURL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperion_(moon)"
}
AltSurface "Limit of knowledge" "Sol/Saturn/Hyperion"
{
Texture "hyperion-lok.*"
LunarLambert 0.5
}
"Iapetus:Saturn VIII" "Sol/Saturn"
{
Class "moon"
Texture "iapetus.*"
# NormalMap "iapetus-normal.*"
Color [ 0.993 1.0 0.976 ]
SemiAxes [ 746 746 712 ]
CustomOrbit "iapetus"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# OrbitFrame
# {
# EclipticJ2000 { Center "Sol/Saturn" }
# }
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Epoch 2451545.0 # 2000 Jan 01 12:00
# Period 79.330183
# SemiMajorAxis 3560851
# Eccentricity 0.0276812
# Inclination 17.238222
# AscendingNode 139.691756
# ArgOfPericenter 229.658481
# MeanAnomaly 208.017516
# }
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
CustomRotation "iau-iapetus"
# Overridden by CustomRotation
# UniformRotation
# {
# Inclination 14.97
# AscendingNode 48.16
# MeridianAngle 350.20
# }
LunarLambert 0.5
GeomAlbedo 0.27
BondAlbedo 0.26
InfoURL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iapetus_(moon)"
}
"Phoebe:Saturn IX" "Sol/Saturn"
{
Class "minormoon"
Mesh "phoebe.cmod"
Texture "phoebe.*"
Radius 109.4
OrbitFrame
{
EclipticJ2000 { Center "Sol/Saturn" }
}
EllipticalOrbit
{
Epoch 2453167.5 # 2004 Jun 11
Period 548.167596
SemiMajorAxis 12917060.944
Eccentricity 0.152921
Inclination 173.212514
AscendingNode 263.558611
ArgOfPericenter 2.526169
MeanAnomaly 31.167678
}
# Not used; IAU elements appear to be based on pre-Cassini
# information.
# CustomRotation "iau-phoebe"
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
UniformRotation
{
Period 9.2735 # Bauer et al, Astrophysical Journal 2004; 610(2): L57-L60
Inclination 12.1 # Porco et al, Science 2005; 307: 1237-42
AscendingNode 86.6 # Porco et al, Science 2005; 307: 1237-42
MeridianAngle 100
}
LunarLambert 0.5
GeomAlbedo 0.081
BondAlbedo 0.026
InfoURL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoebe_(moon)"
}
"Uranus" "Sol"
{
Texture "uranus.*"
Color [ 0.606 0.948 1.0 ]
HazeColor [ 0.5 0.8 1.0 ]
HazeDensity 0.2
Radius 25559 # equatorial
Oblateness 0.0229
CustomOrbit "vsop87-uranus"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Period 84.0139
# SemiMajorAxis 19.1913
# Eccentricity 0.0472
# Inclination 0.7699
# AscendingNode 74.230
# LongOfPericenter 170.964
# MeanLongitude 313.232
# }
Atmosphere
{
Height 130
Lower [ 0.75 0.85 1.0 ]
Upper [ 0.5 0.8 0.9 ]
Sky [ 0.6 0.7 0.7 ]
}
BodyFrame { EclipticJ2000 {} }
UniformRotation
{
Period 17.24 # System III (magnetic field)
Inclination 97.722
AscendingNode 167.647
MeridianAngle 331.13 # correct System III prime meridian
}
GeomAlbedo 0.437118
BondAlbedo 0.300
TempDiscrepancy 17.8 # for 1 bar level
Rings
{
Inner 41837
Outer 51179
Texture "uranus-rings.png"
}
}
"Miranda:Uranus V" "Sol/Uranus"
{
Texture "miranda.*"
Radius 235.8
CustomOrbit "miranda"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Period 1.413
# SemiMajorAxis 129800
# Eccentricity 0.0027
# Inclination 4.22
# MeanAnomaly 120
# }
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
CustomRotation "iau-miranda"
# Overriden by CustomRotation
# UniformRotation
# {
# Period 33.92350159 # enforce sync rotation
# Inclination 74.92
# AscendingNode 167.43
# MeridianAngle 149.30
# }
Albedo 0.32
}
AltSurface "Limit of knowledge" "Sol/Uranus/Miranda"
{
Texture "miranda.*"
OverlayTexture "miranda-lok-mask.png"
}
"Ariel:Uranus I" "Sol/Uranus"
{
Texture "ariel.*"
Radius 578.9
CustomOrbit "ariel"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Period 2.520
# SemiMajorAxis 191200
# Eccentricity 0.0034
# Inclination 0.31
# MeanAnomaly 56
# }
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
CustomRotation "iau-ariel"
# Overriden by CustomRotation
# UniformRotation
# {
# Period 60.48909292 # enforce sync rotation
# Inclination 74.90
# AscendingNode 167.43
# MeridianAngle 23.78
# }
Albedo 0.39
}
AltSurface "Limit of knowledge" "Sol/Uranus/Ariel"
{
Texture "ariel.*"
OverlayTexture "ariel-lok-mask.png"
}
"Umbriel:Uranus II" "Sol/Uranus"
{
Texture "umbriel.*"
Radius 584.7
CustomOrbit "umbriel"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Period 4.144
# SemiMajorAxis 266000
# Eccentricity 0.0050
# Inclination 0.36
# MeanAnomaly 280
# }
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
CustomRotation "iau-umbriel"
# Overriden by CustomRotation
# UniformRotation
# {
# Period 99.46022991 # enforce sync rotation
# Inclination 74.90
# AscendingNode 167.43
# MeridianAngle 71.95
# }
Albedo 0.21
}
AltSurface "Limit of knowledge" "Sol/Uranus/Umbriel"
{
Texture "umbriel.*"
OverlayTexture "umbriel-lok-mask.png"
}
"Titania:Uranus III" "Sol/Uranus"
{
Texture "titania.*"
Radius 788.9
CustomOrbit "titania"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Period 8.706
# SemiMajorAxis 435800
# Eccentricity 0.0022
# Inclination 0.10
# MeanAnomaly 30
# }
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
CustomRotation "iau-titania"
# Overriden by CustomRotation
# UniformRotation
# {
# Period 208.94077099 # enforce sync rotation
# Inclination 74.90
# AscendingNode 167.43
# MeridianAngle 102.26
# }
Albedo 0.27
}
AltSurface "Limit of knowledge" "Sol/Uranus/Titania"
{
Texture "titania.*"
OverlayTexture "titania-lok-mask.png"
}
"Oberon:Uranus IV" "Sol/Uranus"
{
Texture "oberon.*"
Radius 761.4
CustomOrbit "oberon"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Period 13.463
# SemiMajorAxis 583600
# Eccentricity 0.0008
# Inclination 0.10
# MeanAnomaly 150
# }
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
CustomRotation "iau-oberon"
# Overriden by CustomRotation
# UniformRotation
# {
# Period 323.117567539 # enforce sync rotation
# Inclination 74.90
# AscendingNode 167.43
# MeridianAngle 173.23
# }
Albedo 0.23
}
AltSurface "Limit of knowledge" "Sol/Uranus/Oberon"
{
Texture "oberon.*"
OverlayTexture "oberon-lok-mask.png"
}
"Neptune" "Sol"
{
Texture "neptune.*"
Color [ 0.523 0.848 1.0 ]
HazeColor [ 0.6 1 0.75 ]
HazeDensity 0.35
Radius 24766 # equatorial
Oblateness 0.017
CustomOrbit "vsop87-neptune"
# Overridden by CustomOrbit
# EllipticalOrbit
# {
# Period 164.793
# SemiMajorAxis 30.0690
# Eccentricity 0.0086
# Inclination 1.7692
# AscendingNode 131.722
# LongOfPericenter 44.971
# MeanLongitude 304.880
# }
Atmosphere
{
Height 130
Lower [ 0.6 0.65 1.0 ]
Upper [ 0.5 0.55 0.9 ]
Sky [ 0.5 0.7 0.9 ]
}
BodyFrame { EclipticJ2000 {} }
UniformRotation
{
Period 16.11 # System III (magnetic field)
Inclination 28.03
AscendingNode 49.24
MeridianAngle 228.66 # correct System III prime meridian
}
GeomAlbedo 0.409338
BondAlbedo 0.290
TempDiscrepancy 25.1 # for 1 bar level
Rings
{
Inner 53150
Outer 62947
Texture "neptune-rings.png"
}
}
"Proteus:Neptune VIII:1989 N 1" "Sol/Neptune"
{
Mesh "proteus.cmod"
Texture "proteus.*" # Phil Stooke
Radius 219 # maximum semi-axis
MeshCenter [ -4.146 -0.022 5.153 ]
EllipticalOrbit
{
Epoch 2450085.5 # 1996 Jan 3 00:00UT
Period 1.122315 # mean
SemiMajorAxis 117647 # mean
Eccentricity 0.0005 # mean
Inclination 1.090 # at epoch
AscendingNode 330.943 # at epoch
ArgOfPericenter 267.246 # at epoch
MeanAnomaly 213.916 # at epoch
}
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
UniformRotation
{
Inclination 47.09
AscendingNode 29.27
MeridianAngle 93.38
}
Albedo 0.061
}
"Triton:Neptune I" "Sol/Neptune"
{
Texture "triton.*"
Radius 1353.4
Atmosphere
{
Height 1
Lower [ 0.5 0.5 0.5 ]
Upper [ 0.5 0.5 0.5 ]
Sky [ 0.0 0.0 0.0 ]
}
EllipticalOrbit
{
Epoch 2447763.5 # 1989 Aug 25 00:00UT (Voyager encounter)
Period 5.8768541 # mean
SemiMajorAxis 354765.286 # at epoch
Eccentricity 0.00002285 # at epoch
Inclination 156.826240 # at epoch
AscendingNode 147.899288 # at epoch
ArgOfPericenter 293.092400 # at epoch
MeanAnomaly 315.726316 # at epoch
}
BodyFrame { EquatorJ2000 {} }
UniformRotation
{
Epoch 2447763.5 # 1989 Aug 25 00:00UT (Voyager encounter)
Inclination 110.44 # at epoch
AscendingNode 206.17 # at epoch
MeridianAngle 77.41 # at epoch
}
Albedo 0.756
}
AltSurface "Limit of knowledge" "Sol/Neptune/Triton"
{
Texture "triton.*"
OverlayTexture "triton-lok-mask.png"
}
"Nereid:Neptune II" "Sol/Neptune"
{
Mesh "asteroid.cms"
Texture "asteroid.jpg"
Radius 170
EllipticalOrbit
{
Epoch 2447763.5 # 1989 Aug 25 00:00UT (Voyager encounter)
Period 360.13619 # mean
SemiMajorAxis 5513400 # mean
Eccentricity 0.7512 # mean
Inclination 28.385 # at epoch
AscendingNode 190.678 # at epoch
ArgOfPericenter 17.690 # at epoch
MeanAnomaly 36.056 # at epoch
}
# Figure of 11.52 +/- 0.14 hours from Grav, T. et al. (2003)
# "The Short Rotation Period of Nereid", ApJ 591
UniformRotation
{
Period 11.52
}
Albedo 0.155
}