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% Identify.tex
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% SatNOGS Optical Unofficial Guide
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% Copyright (C) 2022, Jeff Moe
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% This document is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
% International Public License (CC BY-SA 4.0) by Jeff Moe.
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\section { Overview of Satellite Identification}
\label { sec:overview-identify}
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\index { identify} \index { SIDLOC} \index { orbit}
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\index { SSA}
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The \gls { LSF} is developing a project called \gls { SIDLOC} ,
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for \gls { satellite} identification and localization. With the
addition of many more \glspl { satellite} in \gls { orbit} there is a growing need
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for \gls { SSA} .
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\section { \texttt { stvid} 's \texttt { process.py} for Identification}
\label { sec:process-identify}
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\index { identify} \index { FITS} \index { stvid} \index { process}
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The best tool for identifying \glspl { satellite} from \gls { FITS} files
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is the \texttt { process.py}
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script from \texttt { stvid} , available here:
* \url { https://github.com/cbassa/stvid}
My fork is here:
* \url { https://spacecruft.org/spacecruft/stvid}
\section { Identifying Satellites with \texttt { satid} }
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\index { satid} \index { sattools} \index { identify}
\index { C} \index { Giza}
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The deprecated \gls { C} application, \texttt { satid} from the \texttt { \gls { sattools} }
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package can help identify \glspl { satellite} .
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See figure \ref { fig:satid-giza-3} , page \pageref { fig:satid-giza-3}
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for output from my Giza port of \texttt { \gls { satid} } .%
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\footnote { \url { https://spacecruft.org/spacecruft/sattools/media/branch/spacecruft/img/satid-giza-3.png} }
\index { Giza}
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* \url { https://github.com/cbassa/sattools}
My fork is here:
* \url { https://spacecruft.org/spacecruft/sattools}
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\begin { figure} [p!]
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\begin { center}
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\includegraphics [keepaspectratio=true,height=1.00\textheight,width=1.00\textwidth,angle=0] { satid-giza-3.png}
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\caption { \texttt { satid} example.}
\index { satid} \index { sattools}
\label { fig:satid-giza-3}
\end { center}
\end { figure}
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\section { Identification with stvid}
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\index { identify} \index { stvid}
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See section \ref { sec:satellite-detection} , page \pageref { sec:satellite-detection}
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for details on identification with stvid.
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The detection and identification steps are both done in one script.
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See figure \ref { fig:stvid-process} , page \pageref { fig:stvid-process}
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for an example of from \gls { stvid} automated processing of an input \gls { FITS}
file. The output image is in \gls { PNG} format.
\gls { stvid} will also output other files with results, such as \gls { CSV} files.
\index { stvid} \index { FITS} \index { PNG} \index { CSV} \index { process}
\begin { sidewaysfigure} [p!]
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\includegraphics [keepaspectratio=true,height=1.00\textheight,width=1.00\textwidth,angle=0] { stvid/2022-08-23T11:21:34.290.fits.png}
\caption { Example satellite image processed by \texttt { stvid} .}
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\label { fig:stvid-process}
\index { stvid} \index { process}
\end { sidewaysfigure}
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\section { Review of Images}
\index { stvid}
See the following subsections for example output from \gls { stvid} .
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\subsection { Unidentified Satellites}
\index { unidentified} \index { identify} \index { FITS} \index { stvid}
When \gls { stvid} runs the \texttt { process.py} (or new) script and
it encounters a satellite it cannot identify, it gives it the
\gls { NORAD ID} \texttt { 90000} . If more unidentified satellites are
detected in the same image, each detection is incremented by one.
See figure \ref { fig:stvid-unidentified} , page \pageref { fig:stvid-unidentified} ,
for an example image, with three unidentified satellites.
One is on the left, the other two on the right, next to each other.
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See figures \ref { fig:stvid-unidentified-90000} , \ref { fig:stvid-unidentified-90001} , and \ref { fig:stvid-unidentified-90002} , pages \pageref { fig:stvid-unidentified-90000} , \pageref { fig:stvid-unidentified-90001} , and \pageref { fig:stvid-unidentified-90002} ,
to see an example of \texttt { stvid} labelling three identified satellites
with \glspl { NORAD ID} \texttt { 90000} , \texttt { 90001} , \texttt { 90002} .
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\begin { sidewaysfigure} [p!]
\includegraphics [keepaspectratio=true,height=1.00\textheight,width=1.00\textwidth,angle=0] { id-new-sats/2022-08-23T11:18:12.531.fits.png}
\caption { stvid processed image, with three unidentified satellites.}
\label { fig:stvid-unidentified}
\index { stvid} \index { unidentified}
\end { sidewaysfigure}
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\begin { sidewaysfigure} [p!]
\includegraphics [keepaspectratio=true,height=1.00\textheight,width=1.00\textwidth,angle=0] { id-new-sats/2022-08-23T11:18:12.531_ 90000_ unid.png}
\caption { stvid processed image, with three unidentified satellites, the first labeled with NORAD ID \texttt { 90000} .}
\label { fig:stvid-unidentified-90000}
\index { stvid} \index { unidentified}
\end { sidewaysfigure}
\begin { sidewaysfigure} [p!]
\includegraphics [keepaspectratio=true,height=1.00\textheight,width=1.00\textwidth,angle=0] { id-new-sats/2022-08-23T11:18:12.531_ 90001_ unid.png}
\caption { stvid processed image, with three unidentified satellites, the second labeled with NORAD ID \texttt { 90001} .}
\label { fig:stvid-unidentified-90001}
\index { stvid} \index { unidentified}
\end { sidewaysfigure}
\begin { sidewaysfigure} [p!]
\includegraphics [keepaspectratio=true,height=1.00\textheight,width=1.00\textwidth,angle=0] { id-new-sats/2022-08-23T11:18:12.531_ 90002_ unid.png}
\caption { stvid processed image, with three unidentified satellites, the third labeled with NORAD ID \texttt { 90002} .}
\label { fig:stvid-unidentified-90002}
\index { stvid} \index { unidentified}
\end { sidewaysfigure}
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\subsection { Airplanes}
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\index { airplane} \index { FITS} \index { noise} \index { stvid}
Airplanes are noise in the data.
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Airplanes will appear not infrequently in images.
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See figure \ref { fig:stvid-airplane1} , page \pageref { fig:stvid-airplane1}
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for an example with an airplane in the left side, forming two parallel
lines from the aircrafts' lights.
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In figure \ref { fig:stvid-airplane2} , page \pageref { fig:stvid-airplane2} ,
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is shown an example image with an airplane with a very distinct blinking light.
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In figure \ref { fig:stvid-airplane3} , page \pageref { fig:stvid-airplane3} ,
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airplane solid parallel lights can be seen with blinking lights.
\begin { sidewaysfigure} [p!]
\includegraphics [keepaspectratio=true,height=1.00\textheight,width=1.00\textwidth,angle=0] { airplane/2022-08-23T04:17:27.161.fits.png}
\caption { Airplane, bold left side, in stvid processed image.}
\label { fig:stvid-airplane1}
\index { stvid} \index { airplane}
\end { sidewaysfigure}
\begin { sidewaysfigure} [p!]
\includegraphics [keepaspectratio=true,height=1.00\textheight,width=1.00\textwidth,angle=0] { airplane/2022-08-24T03:05:30.370.fits.png}
\caption { Airplane, blinking, in stvid processed image.}
\label { fig:stvid-airplane2}
\index { stvid} \index { airplane}
\end { sidewaysfigure}
\begin { sidewaysfigure} [p!]
\includegraphics [keepaspectratio=true,height=1.00\textheight,width=1.00\textwidth,angle=0] { airplane/2022-08-24T09:18:02.277.fits.png}
\caption { Airplane, two solid lights plus blinking, in stvid processed image.}
\label { fig:stvid-airplane3}
\index { stvid} \index { airplane}
\end { sidewaysfigure}
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\subsection { Configuration and Setup Errors in Images}
\index { stvid} \index { process} \index { identify} \index { FITS}
See figure \ref { fig:stvid-misconfigured} , page \pageref { fig:stvid-misconfigured} ,
for an example of an image processed by a mis-configured system.
As can be seen, the plotted lines are offset from the actual images of satellites.
This, and similar issues, can be addressed by checking:
\begin { mdframed} [backgroundcolor=blue!10,linecolor=blue!30]
\begin { itemize}
\item Recent \glspl { TLE} on both the processing workstation and the
\gls { embedded system} .\index { TLE}
\item Correct, \gls { NTP} (or better) synchronized time on on the processing
workstation and the \gls { embedded system} .
\item Correct latitude, longitude, and altitude are set in configuration
files, typically based on \gls { GNSS} readings.
\index { latitude} \index { longitude} \index { altitude} \index { GNSS}
\end { itemize}
\end { mdframed}
\begin { sidewaysfigure} [p!]
\includegraphics [keepaspectratio=true,height=1.00\textheight,width=1.00\textwidth,angle=0] { stvid/2022-08-25T03\: 40\: 03.853.fits.png}
\caption { \texttt { stvid} processed image, showing mis-configured/setup system.}
\label { fig:stvid-misconfigured}
\index { stvid} \index { airplane}
\end { sidewaysfigure}
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\subsection { Image Processed with Bad TLE}
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In figure \ref { fig:stvid-process-bad-tle} , page \pageref { fig:stvid-process-bad-tle} ,
can be seen a \gls { FITS} file that has been processed by stvid, but with \glspl { TLE}
that are around two days old. As can be seen, the satellites don't quite line up
where they should.
\index { TLE} \index { FITS} \index { stvid}
\begin { sidewaysfigure} [p!]
\includegraphics [keepaspectratio=true,height=1.00\textheight,width=1.00\textwidth,angle=0] { stvid/2022-09-04T03:40:07.923.fits.png}
\caption { \texttt { stvid} processed image, alignment off due to use of old TLE.}
\label { fig:stvid-process-bad-tle}
\index { stvid} \index { TLE}
\end { sidewaysfigure}
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\subsection { Image Acquired During Slew}
\index { acquire} \index { stvid} \index { slew}
See figured \ref { fig:stvid-process-bad-slew} , page \pageref { fig:stvid-process-bad-slew} ,
for an example image that is bad due to slewing during acquisition.
\begin { sidewaysfigure} [p!]
\includegraphics [keepaspectratio=true,height=1.00\textheight,width=1.00\textwidth,angle=0] { stvid/2022-09-04T04\: 56\: 37.072.fits.png}
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\caption { \texttt { stvid} processed image, trails due to slewing during acquire.}
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\label { fig:stvid-process-bad-slew}
\index { stvid} \index { TLE}
\end { sidewaysfigure}