448 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
448 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
Celestia: A real-time visual space simulation
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Copyright (C) 2001-2002, Chris Laurel <claurel@shatters.net>
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--
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This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
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modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
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as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
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of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
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This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
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USA.
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--
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Installing in UNIX:
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Type ./configure --help for a list of options.
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The most basic commands are
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./configure
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make
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make install
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This will build the GTK version.
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The new KDE3 version is built with
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./configure --with-kde
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make
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make install
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Running Celestia:
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Celestia will start up in a window, and if everything is working
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correctly, you'll see Jupiter's moon Io in front of a field of
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stars. In the left corner is a welcome message and some information
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about your target (Io), your speed, and the current time (Universal
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Time, so it'll probably be a few hours off from your computer's clock.)
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Right drag the mouse to orbit Io and you should see Jupiter and
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some familiar constellations. Left dragging the mouse changes your
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orientation too, but the camera rotates about its center instead of
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rotating around Io. Rolling the mouse wheel will change your distance
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to the space station--you can move light years away, then roll the wheel
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in the opposite direction to get back to your starting location. If your
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mouse lacks a wheel, you can use the Home and End keys instead.
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In Celestia, you'll usually have some object selected; currently,
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it's Io, but it could also be a star, planet, spacecraft, or galaxy.
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The simplest way to select an object is to click on it. Try clicking
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on a star to select it. The information about Io is replaced with
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some details about the star. Press G (or use the navigation menu),
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and you'll zoom through space toward the selected star. If you
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press G again, you'll approach the star even closer.
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Press H to select our Sun, and then G to go back to our solar system.
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You'll find yourself half a light year away from the sun, which looks
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merely like a bright star at this range. Press G three more times to
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get within about 30 AU of the sun and you will be to see a few become
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visible near the sun. Right click on the sun to bring up a menu of
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planets and other objects in the solar system. After selecting a planet
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from the menu, hit G again to travel toward it. Once there, hold down
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the right mouse button and drag to orbit the planet.
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Tour Guide
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The tour guide is a list of some of the more interesting objects you can visit
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Celestia. Select the Tour guide option in the navigation menu to bring up the
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guide window, choose a destination from the list, click the Goto button, and
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you're off.
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That covers the very basics . . .
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Mouse and Keyboard Controls for Celestia
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----------------------------------------
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Mouse Functions:
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Left drag: orient camera
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Right drag: orbit the selected object
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Wheel: adjust distance to selection
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Right + Left drag: adjust distance to selection
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Ctrl + Left drag: adjust distance to selection
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Shift + Left drag: change field of view (e.g. => telescopic view)
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Wheel (middle button) click: toggle field of view between 45 degrees
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and the previous field (e.g. telescopic view)
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Left - click: select object
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Left double click: center selection
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Right - click: bring up context menu
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Keyboard Commands:
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Navigation:
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H : Select the sun (Home)
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c : Center on selected object
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G : Goto selected object
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F : Follow selected object
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Y : Orbit the selected object at a rate synced to its rotation
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: : Lock on selected object
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" : Chase selected object (orientation is based on selection's velocity)
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T : Track selected object (keep selected object centered in view)
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HOME : Move closer to object
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* : Look back
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END : Move farther from object
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ESC : Cancel motion or script
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Shift+C : Center/orbit--center the selected object without changing the
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position of the reference object.
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Left/Right Arrows : Roll Camera
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Up / Down Arrows : Change Camera Pitch
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Shift+Arrows : Orbit object
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1-9 : Select planets around nearby sun
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Time:
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Space : stop time
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L : Time 10x faster
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K : Time 10x slower
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J : Reverse time
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! : Set time to now
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? : Display light-travel delay between observer and selected object
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- : Subtract light-travel delay from current simulation time
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Labels:
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= : Toggle constellation labels
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B : Toggle star labels
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E : Toggle galaxy labels
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M : Toggle moon labels
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W : Toggle asteroid & comet labels
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N : Toggle spacecraft labels
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P : Toggle planet labels
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& : Toggle location labels
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V : Toggle verbosity of info text
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Options:
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I : Toggle cloud textures
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U : Toggle galaxy rendering
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O : Toggle planet orbits
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/ : Toggle constellation diagrams
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; : Show an earth-based equatorial coordinate sphere
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[ : If autoMag OFF: Decrease limiting magnitude (fewer stars visible)
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If autoMag ON : Decrease limiting magnitude at 45 deg field of view
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] : If autoMag OFF: Increase limiting magnitude (more stars visible)
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If autoMag ON : Increase limiting magnitude at 45 deg field of view
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{ : Decrease ambient illumination
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} : Increase ambient illumination
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, : Narrow field of view
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. : Widen field of view
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Backspace: Cancel current selection
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Ctrl+A : Toggle atmospheres
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Ctrl+B : Toggle constellation boundaries
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Ctrl+E : Toggle eclipse shadow rendering
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Ctrl+K : Toggle display of markers
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Ctrl+L : Toggle night side planet maps (light pollution)
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Ctrl+P : Mark selected object
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Ctrl+S : Cycle the star style between fuzzy discs, points, and scaled discs
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Ctrl+T : Toggle rendering of comet tails
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Ctrl+V : Cycle between supported OpenGL render paths
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Ctrl+W : Toggle wireframe mode
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Ctrl+X : Toggle antialias lines
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Ctrl+Y : Toggle autoMag = auto adaptation of star visibility to field
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of view
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r R: lower or raise texture resolution
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+ : Switch between artistic and limit of knowledge planet textures
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Multiview:
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Ctrl+R : Split view vertically
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Ctrl+U : Split view horizontally
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TAB : Cycle active view
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DEL : Delete active view
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Ctrl+D : Delete all views except active one
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Spaceflight:
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F1 : Stop
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F2 : Set velocity to 1 km/s
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F3 : Set velocity to 1,000 km/s
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F4 : Set velocity to speed of light
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F5 : Set velocity to 10x the speed of light.
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F6 : Set velocity to 1 AU/s
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F7 : Set velocity to 1 ly/s
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A : Increase velocity
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Z : Decrease velocity
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Q : Reverse direction
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X : Set movement direction toward center of screen
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Number pad:
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4 : Yaw left
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6 : Yaw right
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8 : Pitch down
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2 : Pitch up
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7 : Roll left
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9 : Roll right
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5 : Stop rotation
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Joystick:
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X axis : yaw
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Y axis : pitch
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L trigger : roll left
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R trigger : roll right
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Button 1 : slower
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Button 2 : faster
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Other:
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D : Run demo
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F8 : Enable joystick
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F10 : Capture image to file
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` : Show frames rendered per second
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ENTER : Select a star or planet by typing its name
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Ctrl+C, Ctrl+INS : Copy location URL to clipboard
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Star and Planet Browsers:
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[For the moment This only applies to the Windows version of Celestia.]
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In the navigation menu are 'Solar System Browser' and 'Star Browser'
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options. The Solar System Browser pops up a window with a tree view
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of all the objects in the nearest solar system (if there is one at all
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within a light year of your current position.) Clicking on the name
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of any planet in the window will select it; you can then use the center
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or goto buttons to see it in the main Celestia window. The star
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browser is a window showing a table of the hundred nearest stars,
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along with their distances and apparent and absolute magnitudes.
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Clicking on the column headers will sort the stars. The table is
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not continuously updated--if you travel to another star, you should
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press the Refresh button to update the table for your current position.
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The radio buttons beneath the table let you switch between viewing
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a list of nearest or brightest stars. As with the solar system browser,
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clicking on any star name in the table will select it--use this feature
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along with the center button to tour the stars visible from any night
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sky in the galaxy.
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Selecting Objects by Name:
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It's possible to choose a star or planet by name. There are two ways to
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enter a star name: choose 'Select Object' from the Navigation menu to
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bring up a dialog box, or by hitting Enter, typing in the name, and
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pressing Enter again. You can use common names, or Bayer designations
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and HD catalog numbers for stars. Bayer and Flamsteed designations need
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to be entered like this:
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Upsilon And
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51 Peg
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The constellation must be given as a three letter abbreviation and the
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full Greek letter name spelled out. Irritating, but it'll be fixed.
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HD catalog numbers must be entered with a space between HD and the number.
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Celestia handles star catalog numbers in a slightly kludgy way. To keep the
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star database size to minimum, only one catalog number is stored. Normally,
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this will a number from the HD catalog, but if a star isn't in the HD catalog
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the number from another catalog will be used instead. Currently, the secondary
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catalog is always the HIPPARCOS data set, for which the prefix "HIP" should be
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used.
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Known Issues:
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Many people have reported problems running Celestia with Matrox G400/G450
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3D accelerator cards. As I don't have a Matrox card, I haven't made much
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progress on this bug. If you do have a G400, have Visual C++ installed, and
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would be interested in testing a debug version of Celestia, please contact me.
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The maximum texture size supported by the Voodoo 1/2/3 is 256x256, so many
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of the planet textures will look blurry when running Celestia on one of these
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cards.
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On 3D accelerator cards with a limited amount of memory, resizing the main
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Celestia window can cause textures to disappear. This occurs because so
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much memory is required the frame buffer that there's not enough left for
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textures. There are a several workarounds:
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- Use a smaller window
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- Make sure your display is set to 16-bit (high color) mode
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- Try running Celestia in full screen mode
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Celestia only barely works in 256 color mode; if your display is set to
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256 colors, change to 16-bit or 32-bit if at all possible.
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If look good at a distance but get to dark when you approach them closely,
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your OpenGL driver does not support a required extension. Try upgrading to
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the most current version of drivers available for your card. For some older
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cards, this still won't fix the problem. The next version of Celestia will
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feature a workaround.
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Basic Hacking Tips:
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It's possible to modify the solarsys.ssc, stars.dat, and hdnames.dat
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files to create an entirely fictional universe.
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The easiest file to modify is the solar system catalog, as it's a text
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file and the format is very text-editor friendly since that's how I
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had to enter all the data. It's also quite verbose, but that's not a
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problem yet.
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The units used for the solar system data may not be obvious. All
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angle fields in the catalog are in degrees. For planets, the period
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is specified in earth years, and the semi-major axis in AU; for
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satellites, days and kilometers are used instead.
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All solar system textures should be placed in the textures
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subdirectory. Currently, JPEG, PNG, BMP, and DDS are the only formats
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supported. Models belong in the models directory. Celestia can read 3DS
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models, as well as a custom format (.cms files, used right now just for
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rough fractal displacement map likenesses of asteroids and small moons.)
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3DS meshes are normalized to fit within a unit cube--the Radius field
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determines how big they appear within Celestia.
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The stars.dat file is a binary database of stars, processed from
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the 50+ meg HIPPARCOS data set. The first four bytes are an int
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containing the number of stars in the database. Following that
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are a bunch of records of this form:
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4 byte int : catalog number
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4 byte float : right ascension
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4 byte float : declination
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4 byte float : parallax
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2 byte int : apparent magnitude
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2 byte int : stellar class
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1 byte : parallax error
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RA, declination, and parallax are converted to x, y, z coordinates
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and apparent magnitude is converted to absolute magnitude when the
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database is read.
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Authors:
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Chris Laurel
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Clint Weisbrod
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Fridger Schrempp
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Christophe Teyssier
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Bob Ippolito (Mac OS X version)
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Hank Ramsey (Mac OS X version)
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Grant Hutchison
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Contributors:
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Deon Ramsey (UNIX installer, Gtk interface)
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Christopher ANDRE (Eclipse finder)
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Colin Walters (endianness fixes)
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Peter Chapman (orbit path rendering changes)
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James Holmes
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Harald Schmidt (Lua scripting enhancements, bug fixes)
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Documentation:
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Frank Gregorio (Celestia User's Guide)
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Hitoshi Suzuki (Japanese README translation)
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Christophe Teyssier (DocBook and HTML conversion of User's Guide)
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Diego Rodriguez (Acrobat conversion of User's Guide)
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Other Contributors:
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Models of Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey were created by
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Shrox: http://www.shrox.com/
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Most of the planet maps are from David Seal's
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site: http://maps.jpl.nasa.gov/. A few of these maps were modified by me,
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with fictional terrain added to fill in gaps. The model of the Galileo
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spacecraft is also from David Seal's site (though it was converter from
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Inventor to 3DS format.)
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The Mars, Neptune, and Uranus textures and Mars and Moon bump maps are
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all from James Hastings-Trew's collection. Some of the prettiest planet
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maps around are at http://gw.marketingden.com/planets/planets.html
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Fridger Schrempp produced the 'available data' Pluto and Charon texture
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using maps created by Marc Buie at Lowell Observatory. Buie's maps were
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generated from photometric data gathered during six years of mutual
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occultations of Pluto and Charon.
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Venus's clouds and the textures for Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto and
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Saturn are from Bj<42>rn J<>nsson. His site at http://www.mmedia.is/~bjj/
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is an excellent resource for solar system rendering. Saturn's rings are
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by Jens Meyer, and Venus's surface is a copyright-free NASA image.
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The Earth texture was created by NASA using data from the MODIS instrument
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aboard the Terra satellite. Further information is available from
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http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/BlueMarble/
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The textures for the Uranian satellites were created by Ivan Rivera from
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JPL data. His Celestia page is http://bruckner.homelinux.net/celestia.html
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The Hyperion and Enceladus maps are photomosaics assembled by Phil Stooke and
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colored by Jens Meyer. Amalthea is a shaded relief map by Phil Stooke, colored
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by Wm. Robert Johnston (http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/spaceart/cylmaps.html),
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and further modified by Jens Meyer and Grant Hutchison. Proteus, Janus, Prometheus
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and Epimetheus maps are by Phil Stooke. Dione and Rhea are USGS maps colored
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and modified by Jens Meyer, and Tethys is a USGS map colored and modified by
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Grant Hutchison. The Moon map by Jens Meyer is based on data from PDS
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Map-A-Planet at http://pdsmaps.wr.usgs.gov/maps.html with colors from Mark
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Robinson at:
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http://www.earth.northwestern.edu/research/robinson/MOON/clem_color.html.
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The Ida and Gaspra photomosaic maps are by Phil Stooke. The Eros map is a shaded
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relief generated by Grant Hutchison from the NEAR laser rangefinder shape model at
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http://pdssbn.astro.umd.edu/NEARdb/nlr/#shape
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The asteroid.jpg texture was created by Paul Roberts.
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The lower resolution textures were all converted from their higher resolution
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versions using Gimp.
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3D asteroid models of Toutatis, Kleopatra, Geographos, 1998 KY26, Bacchus,
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Castalia and Golevka are courtesy of Scott Hudson, Washington State University.
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His site is:
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http://www.eecs.wsu.edu/~hudson/Research/Asteroids/models.html
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3D models of Phobos, Deimos, Amalthea, Janus, Epimetheus, Prometheus,
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Pandora, Hyperion, Larissa, Proteus, Vesta, Ida, Gaspra and Halley are derived
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from Phil Stooke's Cartography of Non-Spherical Worlds at:
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http://publish.uwo.ca/~pjstooke/plancart.htm
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and optical shape model dataset at:
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http://pdssbn.astro.umd.edu/SBNast/holdings/EAR-A-5-DDR-STOOKE-SHAPE-MODELS-V1.0.html
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The 3D model of Eros was prepared from the NEAR laser rangefinder shape model at
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http://pdssbn.astro.umd.edu/NEARdb/nlr/#shape
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Grant Hutchison supplied the correct orientations for the major planets,
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their moons, and a number of asteroids.
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Selden Ball deserves a special mention for suffering more prerelease versions
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finding more bugs, and giving more feedback than anyone else.
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The Mac OS X icon was designed by Chris Alford (http://www.chrisalford.com/)
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The txf font format used by Celestia was devised by Mark Kilgard.
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The star database (stars.dat) was derived from the ESA's HIPPARCOS data set.
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This software is based in part on the work of the Independent JPEG
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Group.
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Thank you to all the Celestia users who've submitted bug reports,
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suggestions, and fixes over the past year. Celestia wouldn't be the
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program it is without your help.
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Chris Laurel
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claurel@shatters.net
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http://www.shatters.net/~claurel
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and
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http://www.shatters.net/celestia/
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